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内容：Winona Wu 编辑：Clove Liu
Wechat ID: NativeStudy / Weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471
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Part I: Speaker
After 7-Year Battle, Amazon Nears Victory In Domain Name Dispute
May 22, 2019 Retail giant Amazon has moved closer to winning the rights to an Internet domain name after years of opposition from several countries in the Amazon basin, including Brazil and Peru.
Source: NPR
https://www.npr.org/2019/05/22/725610775/after-7-year-battle-amazon-nears-victory-in-domain-name-dispute
[Rephrase 1, 01:52]
Part II: Speed
Can We Trust Machines that Sound Too Much Like Us?
What happened to the technological future that maximized human wellbeing? We need more from the entrepreneurial community.
BY David Weinberger, MAY 22, 2019
[Time 2]
Pretty soon everything will have a voice. Your phone already has one, and maybe your smart speaker. Your car. Your TV’s remote control. Soon your toaster. Those voices are likely to be both highly reliable and based on a lie.
At the moment, for many of us our most common experience of interacting with a computer that speaks in a human-sounding voice happens over the telephone with a scammer trying to get us to give to a bogus charity or pay for help with a Windows problem we don’t have. But in terms of public awareness, we increasingly associate human-voiced computer apps with digital assistants such as Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana, and the like. These user interfaces of these assistants are more convenient than buttons and keys: you can interact with them while both your hands are holding your child, get their responses without having to stop monitoring the egg you’re frying, and not have to worry about typos at all. And now the next wave is on its way: voice interfaces are the perfect solution, for example, for the Internet of Things — all those connected home devices and appliances that would otherwise each have their own interfaces and confusing displays. Before long we’ll be talking with just about anything that has an electric switch, and all those things will be replying in a human voice.
All of these systems — especially the assistants — have an incentive to tell us the truth. After all, when we step outside we’ll find out if it’s not really sunny as our digital assistant promised. When we get home and take our dinner from the oven, we’ll find out if its assurances that it pre-heated our oven were baseless. We may even discover that Kevin Bacon is not taller than Tom Hanks, despite what our lovely-voiced assistant told us. In these simple, practical cases, if we find out that these assistants are not telling us the truth, we’ll simply stop using them.
[328 words]
[Time 3]
But they also all have an incentive to tell us one big lie every time they talk: that they are like us. That’s why Google’s Duplex AI Assistant says “um” sometimes. Duplex is the software that will, for example, call up a restaurant and make a reservation for you without the person on the other end ever finding out they were talking with an AI. When Duplex um’s, it isn’t really at a loss for words. It’s just trying to trick the other person, just like the voice on a scammy phone call. That might work well in the moment — the receptionist won’t be disconcerted by the idea of talking to a machine instead of a fellow human. But it can also erode one of our bedrock ways of assessing trust: how someone sounds.
Now, Google Duplex is a special and somewhat weird case. It also may be a temporary solution: once restaurants and other venues get their own version of Duplex to take reservations, we can assume the AIs on both sides of the call will drop the pretense and complete the transaction in highly efficient robot beeps and boops rather than trying to out-um the other.
But in the meantime, all of these assistants sound like humans because their makers want our trust. They know we’re wired to attach ourselves emotionally to human voices. That’s also why these assistants tend to default to women’s voices: we humans, at least in the West, apparently find those voices more reliable. If Apple could get Siri to nuzzle us with its cold nose and ask to be petted, it probably would. But that wouldn’t make these assistants any more trustworthy.
Sounding like a human, and like a female of the species, increases our trust, but not because the systems are any more trustworthy. If sounding like a talented frog happened to play into our biological preferences, then Siri would be voiced by Kermit. Unearned trust should not be trusted.
[328 words]
[Time 4]
Furthermore, all of this humanizing isn’t aligned with our actual interests. While Alexa likes to think I want to be relaxing with her in a rocking chair on my front porch and sharing a glass of her famous sweet tea, that’s not actually the most efficient way for a machine to communicate information to us. I’d like to be able to tell Alexa to speak faster and to skip the pleasantries. In fact, a device that talks in a flat, speedy voice designed for nothing but the efficient transfer of information may be better at signaling that its maker’s interests are aligned with ours: we just want to know that the stove is going to be at 425F for ten minutes and then will drop to 350F for thirty minutes. We don’t need the stove to pretend it cares about us. A mechanical voice may actually elicit more trust than all those um’s, the same way a human speaking plainly, without flattery or chitchat, can be. At least for some of us.
It may be too much to ask that our devices not try to speak like humans right out of the box. But as the things around us start to compete for our attention and our trust by talking in home-y but phony human voices as in some dystopian Disney movie, companies may find that giving us the option to command our digital assistants to speak like the soulless machines they are makes good business sense.
[247 words]
Source: HBR
https://hbr.org/2019/05/can-we-trust-machines-that-sound-too-much-like-us
My Top 4 Takeaways From This Year's Annual TED Conference
In case you missed the annual meeting-of-the-minds mega-conference this spring, don't worry, I've got your back. Here's the best advice I got there.
By Kara Goldin, May 22, 2019
[Time 5]
Whenever the annual TED Conference rolls around, I always make sure to budget time and money to attend. You’re probably familiar with TED Talks from streaming them online, but TED’s main conference takes the learning we get from one other to an even higher level.
This past April’s event in Vancouver featured five full days packed with bold and exciting lectures from some of the most brilliant and inspiring people on Earth, touching on everything from relationships to astronomy.
Here are a few key points that I found extremely insightful and motivating, and I hope you do, too.
1. "Your company should have an unwavering purpose you never lose sight of, no matter how big you get."
As the founderof a mission-driven start-up, this statement wasn’t news to me, but it was still powerful to see Ulukaya speak about the importance he saw in maintaining a sense of purpose as he built his multibillion-dollar company. One-third of Chobani’s employees are immigrants or refugees. And their CEO pays these factory workers an average of twice the federal minimum wage, as well as gives a portion of profits to charitable causes.
Ulukaya also believes that in this politically charged era, real social change will come from the business world, not from government. I found his words inspiring, and a reminder of the responsibility that I have to my customers and to the planet overall.
2. "Speak the hard truth, even when it’s terrifying."
This was the TED talk heard ‘round the world: Cadwalladr -- a Pulitzer Prize finalist -- revealed how she broke the news that political data firm Cambridge Analytica had gained access to 50 million Facebook users’ information as a way to identify the personalities of American voters and influence their behavior.
She called out the executives at tech companies for being asleep at the wheel (at best) and willfully negligent (at worst).
Many of those same executives were sitting in the audience right in front of her; the energy in the room was palpable. This was not just an investigative journalist explaining her process, but oine standing up for what she believes in, even when the people on the other side of the debate were, and are, some of the most powerful in the world. Now, I know senior executives at major companies, like Facebook and Google, and there are a lot of good people working at those companies. But Cadwalladr’s talk showed us just how bad things can get when a company loses its sense of purpose.
[419 words]
[Time 6]
3. To truly expand one’s mind and change their way of living, people need to experience the benefits first, then understand the how and why later.
Speaker(s): Various
One of my favorite aspects of TED is that you can roam around the convention floor and encounter everything from robots that follow you to VR experiences that let you see what the view is going to be like when viewed from the top of Mt. Everest. The “Future of Food Lab,” a showcase of innovative independent food and beverage brands, was particularly inspiring. From Beyond Meat’s vegan lab-grown protein to Miyoko’s cashew-based cheese, companies introduced us attendees to new and innovative ideas, and showed us how those ideas can fit into our real lives.
Each product was presented in an appetizing and alluring form that people would actually want to eat, from vegan buffalo “chicken” nuggets to a dairy-free charcuterie plate.
It was eye-opening to watch fellow attendees instantly shift their perspective on food and nutrition just by taking a bite or sip of a new product. I felt as though I was watching someone’s mind open up to new possibilities in real time. Sometimes, experiencing something first-hand is exactly what drives actual, meaningful transformation.
4. Sometimes, it’s all about how you tell your story.
Every year at TED, there are talks that I fear will go way over my head as well as talks I believe will bear ittle relevance to my life and/or my business. This year, for example, there were talks from astrophysicists, soil scientists and plant geneticists. The entire TED experience can be so overstimulating, in fact, that sometimes it’s tempting to duck out of the crazy science talks and chill over a cup of coffee.
But, often, these are the very speakers that can be the most mind-blowing because, if they are doing their "talk" right, you can tell just how passionate they are about the often incredibly narrow field of research they are involved in.
For example: Lloyd, the marine microbiologist, described her research exploring tiny life forms at the bottom of the ocean and in volcanoes, and how the findings are completely changing scientists’ idea of what constitutes “life.” This is pretty far from my area of interest or expertise, but Lloyd’s fervor for her work as well as her great effort to ensure that audience members with likely no knowledge of, or inherent interest in, her field would be able to both grasp and enjoy what she had to say.
She clearly cared not just about the story, but the audience. And that’s a lesson for all of us who have a story to tell.
[442 words]
Source: entrepreneur
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/333788
How Great Nursing Improves Doctors’ Performance
By Christina Dempsey and Thomas H. Lee
MAY 22, 2019
[Paraphrase 7]
Every physician can think of a time — probably many — when a nurse has saved the day. And indeed ample research shows that programs that foster a culture of excellent nursing have sweeping impacts throughout health care organizations. Hospitals participating in these initiatives see higher nurse satisfaction and retention, improved patient experience and safety, decreased mortality, increased revenues, and many other benefits. Our research adds to this body of work, showing a positive association between nursing excellence and physicians’ performance.
Before we discuss these findings, let’s look at one of the most rigorous and effective of these nursing-excellence initiatives, the Magnet Recognition Program, developed by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), a subsidiary of the American Nurses’ Association. Our research focused specifically on hospitals that have achieved “Magnet” designation.
The program grew out of a 1983 American Academy of Nursing task force study of the factors that contributed to regional nursing shortages and ways to improve nursing practice. The task force identified 14 shared characteristics that set high-performing hospitals apart and later organized these into the five-component “magnet model” framework for nursing practice and research that serves as a roadmap for organizations seeking to achieve Magnet recognition. The five components are: transformational leadership that creates a vision for the future and the systems and environment for achieving it; structural empowerment — the policies and programs that support staff as they pursue organizational goals: exemplary professional practice, innovation, and “empirical quality results” categorized in terms of clinical outcomes related to nursing, and workforce, patient, and organizational outcomes. The Magnet Recognition Program evaluates hospitals’ performance on each of these and only grants Magnet status to an elite few; fewer than 10% of US hospitals have earned this designation.
It is little wonder that relatively few hospitals achieve this. It takes hospitals an average of three to five years to attain the designation, and getting there costs an average of $500,000 annually, for a mean total investment of more than $2 million. (However, research indicates that hospitals recoup this investment within a few years through lower personnel costs and better outcomes.)
In our research, we looked at the association between superior nursing (as indicated by Magnet status) and hospital scores on the national HCAHPS patient satisfaction survey as well as within Press Ganey’s database of over 2,000 health care organizations. HCAHPS gathers patients’ feedback on many aspects of their hospital experience from the hospital environment, quality of the food, and staff responsiveness to how well doctors and nurses communicate with them (Do they listen? Are they respectful? Do they explain things well?). The survey also asks for an overall rating of the hospital. Ratings are often expressed in terms of the “top box” score — the percentage of patients who give the hospital a superior score on a given measure. We found that Magnet hospitals outperformed the non-magnet hospitals on patients’ “likelihood to recommend” top box scores (75.7 compared to 70.8) and we saw a similar spread on the “overall rating score” (76.0 vs. 72.8). We also saw a smaller but significant difference on patient assessment of physician concern about the patient’s questions or worries, which gauges courtesy and respect, listening, and explaining.
Press Ganey’s proprietary survey also revealed a meaningful association between Magnet status and higher patient ratings of physicians’ skill, response to concerns, time spent with the patient, friendliness and courtesy and other measures. Mean scores for Magnet facilities ranged from 84.6 for “time physician spent with you” to 93.2 for “skill of the physician” while mean scores for non-Magnet facilities ranged from 83.6 to 92.1 for the same questions. These may appear to be subtle differences but they are meaningful. Even a few points change in mean score has a dramatic effect on the percentile rank due the tight compression of scores nationally; for example, an increase of just two points on a mean score (from, say about 88 to 90) can mean the difference between being in the 50th percentile versus the 75th.
Finally, our analysis of data from 123 Press Ganey client hospitals across the U.S. found that 45% of those in the top quartile for physician engagement were designated as Magnets; only 16% in the bottom quartile were Magnet facilities.
The Magnet designation identifies an organization’s commitment to excellence. However, the journey to excellence does not require achieving Magnet status. The nursing culture of Magnet with its emphasis on quality, autonomy, relationships, and leadership emanates far beyond nursing, inspiring staff at all levels, including physicians. It requires the commitment to transformational change that drives improvement in clinical excellence, workforce engagement, safety, and the patient experience — and an appreciation of how these are intertwined.
[773 words]
Source: HBR
https://hbr.org/2019/05/how-great-nursing-improves-doctors-performance
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发表于 2019-5-24 14:55:29
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