定从修饰问题终极大讨论开始!

colacat

我的感觉 A of B that 结构中 (即从属结构,A是中心词)

我见到的有两种观点 1 LES的 A of B + that结构：that从句都是指向中心名词A的，请参考OG196/168，除非A 和B有数量上的区别时，根据that从句的谓语的数来判断修饰对象 见:http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=2&replyid=575650&id=65727&skin=0&page=1

第2种观点是:定语从句的修饰对象必须明确合理，修饰原则是先就近再跳跃。通过定语从句的主谓一直，可以保证修饰对象的清楚明确。见白勇GMAT语法全解 page 225

到底跳跃修饰是否合理,什么时候可以跳跃,没有定论,我发过类似的post 见此http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=97341

二,在 A and B that/who 结构中,(即并列结构)

个人认为,这样情况一旦发生,定语从句修饰的应该是A和B

如果要单独修饰B的话,应该是B that/who... and A 这样才不容易发生歧异.或者有定语的单复数能明显表示定从是修饰B的,比如人名A and人名B who 单数.... 这样就肯定是修饰B ,而不是A和B

而在这种结构是不可能出现定从跳跃单独修饰A的

请NN指正

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-25 21:48:03编辑过]

colacat

113 是with 紧密性独立结构 实际上应该算是状语

114  a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could

结构是canoe+介宾短语1,介宾短语2,+ 定语从句

about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar,应该是并列修饰canoe的,所以中心词还是canoe 这个修饰关系很明确啊,跳跃也无妨啊

colacat

我前面已经说这里,独立主格的成分实际上是状语而不是定语

如果一定要跳跃的话,你根本找不到合适的修饰对象,visitor 显然是说不通的,如果要是monkeys的话,就变成了游客看到的是那些monkeys (whose arms and legs were hanging )sleeping on the branches;明显的改变的句意,而且也不和逻辑

colacat

以下是引用-Aquarius-在2005-3-28 2:05:00的发言：

贴出一个就是说whoes跳越修饰的, 大家看看为什么?!

Studies show that young people with higher-than-average blood pressure and their families have a history of high blood pressure are more likely than others to develop a severe form of the condition.

(A) and their families have a history of high blood pressure

(B) whose families have a history of high blood pressure

(C) and a history of high blood pressure runs in the family

KEY: B

请问B的whose为什么不会有修饰blood pressure的歧意?既然whose可以修饰人和物.

with higher-than-average blood pressure 介宾短语修饰的中心词是people

colacat

因为人名是专有名词,和其他的普通名词不一样的

比如 bob and mary 你可以肯定,这是两个人,应该用复数,如果是单数那也能有明确的指示对象就是mary

再比如 bread and butter that 单数.你就很难判断,到底修饰的是butter 还是bread and butter.ps bread and butter就面包抹黄油,算是一种食品,可以当作一个单数不可数名词来对待.

colacat

以下是引用-Aquarius-在2005-3-30 1:40:00的发言：

(A)  ublished in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

有点糊涂了？A里面不就是用的单数吗？怎么还会歧义啊？！

谢谢！！

A 里面的whose 可以修饰the owner and editor ,认为是主语的定语后置.

colacat

以下是引用薰衣紫草在2005-3-30 10:46:00的发言：

我就是想说中心词未必一定是修饰对象．

关于ＷＨＯＳＥ，（清一下嗓子），不好意思，确实可以指代东西，刚找到一个例子．

143. Recently discovered fossil remains strongly suggest that the Australian egg-laying mammals of today are a branch of the main stem of mammalian evolu­tion rather than developing independently from a common ancestor of mammals more than 220 mil­lion years ago.

(A)  rather than developing independently from

(B)   rather than a type that developed independently from

(C)  rather than a type whose development was independent of

(D)  instead of developing independently from

(E)   instead of a development that was indepen­dent of

实在抱歉

对,中心词不一定就是指代的对象

我想说的是,指代对象的判定和排除,很大程度上是要靠单复数和逻辑含义来确定.

我比较倾向于les的观点,就是先找中心词,然后找修饰语,如果都不行就是无指代对象.基本上SC中

我认为是逻辑为本,语法规则为纲.所以就象 gemj说的,不要去强求一个简单的判断准则.要会变通.

colacat

以下是引用-Aquarius-在2005-3-30 20:52:00的发言：

哦，明白了，感谢！

另外上面的with问题MM帮忙看一次吧，困惑。。。

晕,你回的真快

56我没看明白,你问的什么

212的话,要分清楚句子的成分

A是过去分词做定语,修饰policy  实际上可以看作是定语从句 a policy which is aimed  at decreasing operating costs and........的简化

而E是介宾短语做状语.而不是定语.

colacat

晕,这两个都是做状语的啊.