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标题: 再问!GWD 3-4 原来的讨论没有解决问题（that定从修饰与分词修饰之别） [打印本页]

作者: bobwangwb 时间: 2005-1-24 20:41
标题: 再问!GWD 3-4 原来的讨论没有解决问题（that定从修饰与分词修饰之别）

GWD-3-Q4:

GWD-4-Q18:

Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world’s social wasps, wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of females—the queen and her sterile female workers.

wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all

which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely

living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all

key: B

原来的讨论http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=63712没有给出合理的解释

B固然最好，没有问题。但与A比较，似乎只能从简洁性考虑。

问题：A有何不妥？

我对A的理解：1：后面的wasps做Yellow jackets 的同位语。

2： where 不是绝对错误，逻辑和语法上说得过去

3：they 指代第二局句的wasps，指代没有问题。

4：如果说society consists almost entirely of females（B）逻辑上成立，那么they （Yellow jackets/ wasps）consist almost entirely of females（A）逻辑上也成立。所以逻辑上they 没有问题。

结论：A B 之争在于划线处定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别。

A：wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

B：wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

问题：谁来讲讲这两者的区别（定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别）？？语法点链接上也没有，谁来帮帮忙！

作者: soaring 时间: 2005-1-24 21:07

在解释一下：

A中的where，指代society的话后面的逻辑主语应该是it not they, if they is the subjective, 那它指代的就是前面的wasps, obviously, consist almost entirely of female不合逻辑。所以我觉得A要么在逻辑上不对，要么在语法上不对，总之，A错

B,简洁、指代清楚、逻辑没有问题，我选B

兄弟可以保留意见^_^

作者: 而今迈步从头越 时间: 2005-1-24 21:11

以下是引用bobwangwb在2005-1-24 20:41:00的发言：

GWD-3-Q4:

GWD-4-Q18:

wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

which means they live in a highly cooperative and organized society, almost all

which means that their society is highly cooperative, organized, and it is almost entirely

living in a society that is highly cooperative, organized, and it consists of almost all

key: B

原来的讨论http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=63712没有给出合理的解释

B固然最好，没有问题。但与A比较，似乎只能从简洁性考虑。

问题：A有何不妥？

我对A的理解：1：后面的wasps做Yellow jackets 的同位语。

waps应该是做social waps的同位语，而不是yellow jackets的同位语。

2： where 不是绝对错误，逻辑和语法上说得过去

3：they 指代第二局句的wasps，指代没有问题。

it应该指代society，暂且不说，看下面！

关于consist of的用法，摘自韦氏词典：

Usage: The verb consist is employed chiefly for two purposes,
         which are marked and distinguished by the prepositions
         used. When we wish to indicate the parts which unite
         to compose a thing, we use of; as when we say,
         ``Macaulay's Miscellanies consist chiefly of articles
         which were first published in the Edinburgh Review.''
         When we wish to indicate the true nature of a thing,
         or that on which it depends, we use in; as, ``There
         are some artists whose skill consists in a certain
         manner which they have affected.'' ``Our safety
         consists in a strict adherence to duty.''

所以从这点上来看，it指代society更合理！

结论：A B 之争在于划线处定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别。

A：wasps living in a highly cooperative and organized society where they consist almost entirely of

B：wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of

问题：谁来讲讲这两者的区别（定从修饰和分词修饰上的区别）？？语法点链接上也没有，谁来帮帮忙！

that定语从句强调一次性和具体时间；表达整体的概念

现在分词强调多次性，重复性；表达局部的概念

作者: 而今迈步从头越 时间: 2005-1-24 21:19

从定从和分词修饰区别上来看，B也更准确！

waps that live in表明指代前面所有的social waps，waps living in a表明有一部分不是这样子的。consisting表示一直都是这样always consisting of.

作者: bobwangwb 时间: 2005-1-24 23:19

谢谢两位啊！！

明白了很多！

作者: bobwangwb 时间: 2005-1-24 23:35

补一个关于定从何分词修饰的语法点

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=4&replyid=262967&id=33308&skin=0&page=1

作者: 饼干冰淇淋 时间: 2005-7-7 08:38
说反了吧，that才是指代部分，livihg才是全部

作者: likui 时间: 2005-7-7 14:40
这道题目，两者没有什么区别；至少我认为不会成为判断正确选项的方向。

作者: toyasun 时间: 2005-9-1 20:42

。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-1 20:43:07编辑过]

作者: toyasun 时间: 2005-9-1 20:43

以下是引用饼干冰淇淋在2005-7-7 8:38:00的发言：
说反了吧，that才是指代部分，livihg才是全部

好像这个才对哦，that才是特指部分的嘛

作者: winnywheat 时间: 2005-9-12 20:19
可是，almost与entirely连用不会有逻辑问题吗？我当时就是一眼看到这个就将A,B排除？

作者: zhanghuiyong 时间: 2005-11-7 01:24

个人感觉这道题考得非常精到。A、B之争主要有两点：

一是that从句，A是分词living修饰wasps，B是that从句修饰wasps。分词修饰没有限定修饰的意思，而that从句有限定修饰的意思，因为原文提到social wasps，言下之意还有不是social的wasps，从这一点上来说，B是非常合适的；

二是where从句，A中where从句容易给人印象好像they consist almost entirely of...的动作是发生在where修饰的具体地点上，显然原文不是这样的意思。一般来说，只有具体的地点才用where修饰，抽象的地点应避免这样的修饰。实际上，A中的where从句也有限定修饰的嫌疑。

B选项正确应是没有疑问的，还是感叹此题修饰的考法经典啊。。。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-11-7 1:25:25编辑过]

作者: amy9301 时间: 2005-11-29 21:52

作者: findjuhl 时间: 2006-10-8 16:35

老大，where不是定语从句，是状语从句，意思跟that consists有着本质区别。

如果A用that consists，B用consisting，那么这叫做定语从句和分词的区别。

那么它们有什么区别呢？严格说没区别，都正确无比。

如果从很微弱的意思上来说，consisting更加简洁一些，但ETS不会考这个区别，会有其他地方的错误。

作者: sch 时间: 2007-9-26 04:49
这里living 和that都是限定指代,都是部分的关系.

只有" n,+ ving"这种才是非限定的分词指代.

另外,楼上的,where这里引导的是定语从句,而不是状从.虽然where在从句里面当状语,但是对整个句子而言是定从.修饰先行词society.

where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别:

where引导定从,要有先行词,比如:
I visited the place where Mr.Gmat was killed.

这里where引导定从,修饰先行词place.,虽然where在从句内部是一个状语,地点状语,表示gmat 被killed的地方.

where状语从句,整个从句作为主句的状语.没有先行词.
eg: i foud the book where i lost it

所以A里where是定从句.判断A不对主要还是逻辑意思来说:

...wasps living in a society where they consist females...

...有一些wasps,这些wasps住在(属于)一种社会,(这是一个什么样子的社会呢?)在这个社会里wasps由females构成...
(那是不是wasps离开这个社会了就可以不需要全部由females构成了?)

A主要在描述WASPS"组团"的地点.而B主要介绍了这个社会由什么构成.

作者: 我爱周末 时间: 2008-7-12 19:58

我觉得这个题A/B 选不是在考where 和分词,而是在考代词是否用的正确与否, A选应该用wasps living in a society where it (a society) consists of females

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