有道理！
涉及到部分概念和整体概念的区别。
谁能解释一下？
不过好像在有过去时间状语的句中有现在分词也是可以的，在google中可以搜到
所以还请确认
Q24:
A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population
was from Germany.
A. the largest share for any country to contribute
B. the largest share that any country has contributed
C. which makes it the largest share for any country to contribute
D. having the largest share to be contributed by any country
E. having the largest share to have been contributed by any country
the answer is b, it is ok,
但想问一下a为什么不好，记得语法书上好象说过最高级修饰名词，后面一般要跟不定式，象the first sth to do sth, 即使没有这一条，也想知道这里a为什么不对？ 只是因为后面有时间状语吗？
A. the largest share for any country to contribute
时间状语是一个切入点, 另外for any country 变成形容 the laegest share; 表达上不如(B)来得完整
有道理！
涉及到部分概念和整体概念的区别。
不过好像在有过去时间状语的句中有现在分词也是可以的，在google中可以搜到
所以还请确认
GMAT里面出现since, 就是个很明确的信号要用完成时.
另外, 建议ztlbox兄看一下gemj的学习心得：
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=62016&page=1
如果要验证语法现象和规则的话, 以OG和大全优先级最高, google最低. google包罗万象, 什么样的错误都有.
有道理！
涉及到部分概念和整体概念的区别。
谁能解释一下？
不过好像在有过去时间状语的句中有现在分词也是可以的，在google中可以搜到
所以还请确认
Thanks!
The tense in B is perfectly correct!
关于时态，我想可以如是理解：
虽然这份报名在过去的某个时点证明了什么（过去时），但是所证明的事实到现在还在继续，所以后面用完成时。
然而，我有一个新的不解之处：
contribute 怎么翻译啊？
B答案是不是要改为：
B. the largest share to which any country has contributed
Jerry, you can't change choice B like that.
the largest share to which any country has contributed
IF 'which' refers to 'share': any country has contributed to share 逻辑意义不对
你要表达的是 any contry has contributed to the States
不好意思,又把老贴子顶出来了.
我觉得B的时态不对呀.
是完成时是没问题了,可是应该是过去完成时吧?
你们是怎么认为的? 能给解释一下吗?
Ggirl 你想得很细致
过去完成时适用于过去一段时间内的事情，多数情况下暗含了现在已经不是这样子的意思。而现在完成时一般指现在还是这个样子，用在这道题想要表达的意思，所以现在完成时比较合适。
你也许是看到了A March 2000 Census，觉得要用过去完成时，但我想说的是：句子所要表达的意思是判断时态的重要指标，从某种意义上是最重要的指标。况且，几个备选项中只有B比较合适。
我不是NN，供参考~~~~~
Ggirl 你想得很细致
过去完成时适用于过去一段时间内的事情，多数情况下暗含了现在已经不是这样子的意思。而现在完成时一般指现在还是这个样子，用在这道题想要表达的意思，所以现在完成时比较合适。
你也许是看到了A March 2000 Census，觉得要用过去完成时，但我想说的是：句子所要表达的意思是判断时态的重要指标，从某种意义上是最重要的指标。况且，几个备选项中只有B比较合适。
我不是NN，供参考~~~~~
有不同意见.
看见SINCE用完成时的思路是对的,可是要判断现在完成还是过去完成,(1)要根据上下文的时态来判断,前面用'showed'&'accounted',说明基点是过去,那么应该用过去完成时;或者(2)看从句是不是一个科学道理或者普遍接受的观点...首先,我们无法判断这是不是一个延续至现在的事实,因为有可能其他民族的数量现在已经超过了Mexico;其次,就算我们grant Mexico的数量还是最大,那么前面那句话也是一个一般事实,不能用'accounted for',而应该用'accounts for'
所以,as far as I am concerned, B的时态有问题.
NNS，我还是不懂为何A错，能不能把整个句子翻译一下啊！HELP
另外，D/E我第一个排除的就是它们，但也说不出个所以然，希望NN指点
谢谢谢谢！！！！！！！！！
这里的contribute是表示"贡献"的意思么
2,contribute是不是没有被动
contribute可以做及物动词，
contribute sth 贡献某东东
contribute to sb 贡献给某人
意思完全不一样
NNS，我还是不懂为何A错，能不能把整个句子翻译一下啊！HELP
另外，D/E我第一个排除的就是它们，但也说不出个所以然，希望NN指点
谢谢谢谢！！！！！！！！！
这里是用一个总结性名词the largest share作more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States同位语, 表示墨西哥人占1/4的美国人口的份额。
haveing用法错误，haveing表示拥有：你能说1/4的美国人拥有最大的人口分额吗？好像不可以吧。1/4的人口和市场份额其实是相同的概念，并没有所属关系。
另外即使表示拥有，用with也比用having 强
看了上面的帖子,到底是用过去完成时还是现在完成时,又迷糊了.
那除了这个时态,A中的for
和 B中的that 可以作为比较判断的依据吗?
同问!
我实在看不出AB除了时态还有什么大的区别.
似乎加了Ever since才必须使用完成时, 但是单独的since出现, 是可以用过去时的,
OG259. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western
大全127.
1. As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and most intense since Camille in 1969.
(A) most intense since Camille in 1969
(B) most intense after Camille in 1969
(C) the most intense since Camille in 1969
(D) the most intense after 1969, which had Camille（C）
(E) since 1969 and Camille, the most intense
大全里面加了since不用完成时的还很多, 所以
个人观点是应该是A, 不知道大家的意见如何?
for somebody/something to do something 不是随便可以用的吧。
25% was the largest share for any country to contribute 是不是念起来很别扭？为什么呢？
我觉得是to contribute无时间概念，怎么都不象在说过去的已经发生的事。比较一下简单句子体会一下：
(A) This is the best thing that he can do.
(B) This is the best thing for him to do.
(C) This is the best thing that he has done.
如果以上句子A B多少有点类似的话，B C则意思完全不同了。
说到时态，when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany 是不是也应该是had been呢。
不用吧；一般过去时陈述就可以啦。
认为这道题是A,B存在比较明显的事态错误，
首先，就像楼上的xdjm句的例子一样，不是说只要出现since,就一定要用完成时。
其次，我认为该题的考点就在于是态的把握，请看下面几个题：
1. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump（A）
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
55. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing（E）
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face
Because the sentence describes a situation that continues into the present, choices A and B are incorrect in using the past perfect had elected, which denotes an action completed at a specific time in the past. Also, alternatives presented in the expressions x rather than y and x Instead of y should be parallel in form, but A and B mismatch the noun retirement with the verb forms face and facing. C is faulty because have elected, which is correct in tense, cannot idiomatically be followed by a participle such as retiring. D correctly follows have elected with an infinitive, to retire, but, like A and B, fails to maintain parallelism. Only E, the best choice, uses the correct tense, observes parallelism, and is idiomatic.
根据OG的解释可以看出，ETS对于过去完成时和现在完成时的使用是很严格的，过去完成时的使用一定要在文章中出现过去发生的某一个动作，而另一个动作发生在该动作之前，且一直持续到改动做结束为止，才可以用过去完成时，就像大全力的第一题A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced（过去发生的某一个动作） the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been（持续到该动作结束为止） allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
再看本题 A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed (对照OG55：a recent study HAS found)that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country's foreign-born population was from Germany.
有两个动词：accounted for 和 was都明确的指出，contribute的动作是在accounted 和 was 之前发生的，并持续到两个动词结束为止，如果要用完成是来表示，则应该是the largest share that any country had countributed since 1890( till March 2000 ), contritute 的动作在survey调查结束时就已经停止了。
如果这道题是说a recent Census Bureau survey shows that....acounts for...., 那后面的部分the largest share that any country has countributed 才是正确的，即contribute的动作时在shows和accounts 之前发生，并持续到现在，而不是持续到过去的某一点：showed, acounted
我觉得B是一个混淆选项，本题的考点就在于对过去完成是态的把握
答案应该是A
请NN们指正
同意楼上的观点
真不知道A哪里不好
A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population
was from Germany.
A. the largest share for any country to contribute
B. the largest share that any country has contributed 我认为, B 中 that 除了强调时态,也是在强调事实 而A中, to 作为不定式, 有将来的意味, 而且是强调一种可能, 尤其是在 "sth. for sb. to do " 的结构中 e.g. the first(best/most important) thing for you to do is that ...但是,美国外来人口的几分之几是什么人,这个好像也不能有一种限定啊, 如果选A的话, 感觉题目意思是: 2000 年的人口普查, Mexico 占all foreign-born residents 人口的1/4还多, 这是一个foreign country能够对 foreign-born 人口占有的最大比重....
就是感觉A 不妥当
for somebody/something to do something 不是随便可以用的吧。
25% was the largest share for any country to contribute 是不是念起来很别扭？为什么呢？
我觉得是to contribute无时间概念，怎么都不象在说过去的已经发生的事。比较一下简单句子体会一下：
(A) This is the best thing that he can do.
(B) This is the best thing for him to do.
(C) This is the best thing that he has done.
如果以上句子A B多少有点类似的话，B C则意思完全不同了。
说到时态，when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany 是不是也应该是had been呢。
说到for somebody to do something:
19
used to say what is possible, difficult, necessary, unusual etc
for somebody/something to do something
It's unusual for Donald to be so bad-tempered.
There is an urgent need for someone to tackle this problem.
Here is a chance for everyone to learn new skills.
It was too far for her to walk in high-heeled shoes.
---from LDOCE
longman里面说的很清楚：for somebody/something to do sth. 有很多种意思，第一个意思就是表示一种可能性，本题就是表达了一种可能性：即一个国家所能贡献的最大份额；
.“ the first(best/most important) thing for you to do is that ...但是,美国外来人口的几分之几是什么人,这个好像也不能有一种限定啊, ” 我认为这里不是一种限定，就表示了一种可能性
而且B的时态却是有问题，找了一边大全，主语一般过去时，从句是现在完成时的没有发现过；
认为答案还是A
open to discussion
要跳出来否定自己以前的观点了...对不住观众了.
这题还是选A, 大家可以看看我前面的例子, 我的两个反例都是since处于一个分词结构之中, 而这就是问题的关键, 我查了一些资料, 分词可以在某种程度上面表示完成的意思, 但是这题since在主句里面, 我觉得完成时还是必须的.
OG里面一个支持我的例子:
53. There is no consensus on what role. if any, is played by acid rain in slowing the growth or damaging forests in the eastern
(A) slowing the growth or damaging
(B) the damage or the slowing of the growth of
(C) the damage to or the slowness of the growth of
(D) damaged or slowed growth of
(E) damaging or slowing the growth of
The corrected sentence must make clear that both damaging and slowing the growth of refer to forests. E is the only choice that does so without introducing errors. In choice A, o/is required after growth. In choices B and C, the use of the damage instead of damaging produces awkward and wordy constructions, and without to after damage, B is grammatically incomplete. In C, the slowness o/does not convey the original sense that the rate of growth has been slowed by acid rain. Choice D also changes the meaning of the sentence by making both damaged and slowed refer to growth.
B的时态没有错误啊
the largest share ... 是补充说明more than 1/4的，后面的从句修饰share，没有必要和前面的主句时态保持一致，而且意思上也没有缺陷：showed和accounted for的动作是发生在过去，但是more than 1/4这个数字是从1890年到现在最大的，而30%又是发生在1890年，所以用过去时was，这里丝毫没有什么逻辑错误啊
A觉得很awkward，for sb. to do sth.总觉得有将来的意味，不知道这个理解对不对
Q24:
A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population
was from Germany.
A. the largest share for any country to contribute A没有表达出作者的观点， 作者应该想表达mexico比从1890－2000的任何一个本来存在外国国家都要多。 但是细读可以发现，由于用了any country to contribute 表达的意思是假设存在一个外国国家，那么mexico都要比它高。 其实就是一个现实存在和假想的区别。
B. the largest share that any country has contributed 明显表达清楚了作者意思
C. which makes it the largest share for any country to contribute which 指代错误
D. having the largest share to be contributed by any country 罗嗦
E. having the largest share to have been contributed by any country 罗嗦
请指教
那这题到底选什莫，有个定论吗？
那这题到底选什莫，有个定论吗？
应该选B A和B的区别：A动词不定式表是的是动作还没有发生，B已经发生并持续到现在，从时间壮语和逻辑意思都可以看出。个人意见请指正！
支持B，虽然做题时我选A
上面反对B的同志有部分认为has应该改为had，我举个例子来反驳这种说法：假设说从1890年以来，墨人在某个时刻曾经占了美国外国人口的1/4，然后它的比例下降了，但是从1890年以来，没有任何国家的人口曾经占据美国外国人口1/4以上的比例；那么在这种情况下，survey showed、mexico accounted、the largest share that any country has contributed since 1890 三个动词不就都成立了么？
注意这里说的是the largest share that any country...，是把所有时间点上所有的外国人口所占的比例来比较，没有任何国家超过1/4，所以这个the largest share没有被超越过，依然是最大的。
支持B
B的时态没错，有人说应该用过去完成式，这是不对的。
请看最后没划线的部分，since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany.
如果用了过去完成式，就变成Mexico人口那事发生的比1890还早了，因为过去完成式说明是要发生在过去的过去，这里was就是过去。
B对
可以用现在完成时
表示从1890年起到现在"the largest share for any country to contribute"
前面说的是A March 2000 Census Bureau survey
完全两码事
时态未必要一致
suvey本身就是2000年的，你怎么能把它延续到现在？我打个不恰当的比方，如果从2000-2006年间美国发生动乱，几乎所有的墨西哥人都被迫离开了美国，那这个现在完成时还怎么用？现在完成时是强调一定要延续到现在的动作。题目里面没有哪点给了这个暗示。
open to discussion...
支持B
B的时态没错，有人说应该用过去完成式，这是不对的。
请看最后没划线的部分，since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany.
如果用了过去完成式，就变成Mexico人口那事发生的比1890还早了，因为过去完成式说明是要发生在过去的过去，这里was就是过去。
这个was的使用是由“when“决定的，而when非常明确是指代”1890“时间的一个点。
the largest share that any country has contributed...这里做a quarter的同位语，完全可以是脱离survey之外的内容。放在这个句子中，不代表这个补充描述是survey说的.所以用现在完成时没什么不可以
倒是A for sb to do有未发生的感觉，逻辑错误不可饶恕
选了B,就想看看大家怎么讨论的A,这下彻底清楚了,B没问题
想一下,你是作者,然后你说,根据2000年的人口普查显示,mexico占了所有外来人口的1/4还多,这是自1890年以来所有国家contribute to US人口的最大比重.可见作者的语气是指从1890到他/她说话时,当然用现在完成时啦,这里是同位语,补充说明,跟前面的动作没关系吧.
前面讨论中有几位反对A的意见，其中一条说是用不定式to contribute有将来的意味，或是有目的性
对于这一点我不是很赞同，下面是大全里面的两个例子
233.Darwin was not the first to advance a theory of evolution; his tremendous originality lay in the fact that he proposed the idea of natural selection as the means by which evolution worked.
(A) lay in the fact that he proposed the idea
(B) lay in the fact of his proposing the idea
(C) laid in the fact of his proposing the idea
(D) laid in his proposal
(E) lay in his proposal
327.George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
(A) to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these
(B) should be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these
(C) as being legitimate subjects for literature and portraying them
(D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literature and portray them
(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them
红色未划线部分都是最高级后面用不定式，不存在to do表目的或是将来的意味
所以用上述理由攻击GWD8－24，我觉得还是有待商榷的。
我所学过的语法说最高级后面要用不定式，这一点跟LZ所说的类似
至于是否加上了时间状语since 1890以后，就要改用that从句，或是最高级后的不定式前用for sb. 不妥
我就不是很清楚，请大家指教！
8.A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, believed to be
the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
(A) believed to be
(B) and that is believed to be
(C) and it is believed to have been
(D) which was, it is believed,
(E) which is believed to be
在大全找到最高级后面跟完成时态的例子，让我终于确认这道题目的答案是B
看来语法说的“最高级名词后面一定要跟不定式”不是绝对的
the largest share that any country has contributed...这里做a quarter的同位语，完全可以是脱离survey之外的内容。放在这个句子中，不代表这个补充描述是survey说的.所以用现在完成时没什么不可以
倒是A for sb to do有未发生的感觉，逻辑错误不可饶恕
我觉得首先排除CDE，这点已经没有什么疑问了，其次我认为B选项that同位语从句修饰之前the largest share，但在that从句中的意思则为any country has contributed since 1890，也就是说这个the largest share是自从1890年来任何一个国家贡献（注意，意思是每一个国家1890年以来都已经贡献了the largest share，所以逻辑上错误。至于时态我认为B没有错。
而A 用了 the largest share for any country，for any country限定最高级的范围，这点上是非常正确的，至于之后的to contribute我在语法上不能明确其用法含义，但是排除法可以看出B是错误的。应该选A
GMAT里面出现since, 就是个很明确的信号要用完成时.
另外, 建议ztlbox兄看一下gemj的学习心得：
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=62016&page=1
如果要验证语法现象和规则的话, 以OG和大全优先级最高, google最低. google包罗万象, 什么样的错误都有.
呵呵，以GOOGLE为最低：）
：）
我觉得最高级存在时候，定语从句应该是不定式充当，而不是that从句。。
所以A。
A March 2000 Census Bureau survey
showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all
foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population
was from Germany.
A. the largest share for any country to contribute
B. the largest share that any country has contributed 正确
C. which makes it the largest share for any country to contribute
D. having the largest share to be contributed by any country
E. having the largest share to have been contributed by any country
这个题目的考察主要是同位语，具体的说是a quarter of all
foreign-born residents of the United States的同位语，一个名词词组的同位语。因此，只能选另外一个名词词组，直接排除D和E，C的问题是which的指代对象是墨西哥人占了很大一部分这件事，但是根据GMAT的语法，which只能指代紧前名词词组中心词，错。A和B比较：B，名词中心词+that定语（从句）；A：just too awkward to be right
A March 2000 Census Bureau survey
showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all
foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany.
这
里A给人的感觉好像是还没有contribute一样，to do
sth给人的感觉就是要去做。实际上句子要表达的是有一个已经contribute的意思，墨西哥已经给美国贡献了1/4的人口，成为了the
largest share that any country has contributed。
应该选B A和B的区别：A动词不定式表是的是动作还没有发生，B已经发生并持续到现在，从时间壮语和逻辑意思都可以看出。个人意见请指正！
干净利索！
A的错误在于最后的to contribute的时态。这个从句的后面是对其加以修饰的以when开头的一个附属从句。而这个附属从句是过去时。所以contribute的时态只能是过去时或是过去完成时。
选的B,但对A很CONFUSE,但看前人的讨论,也没有个明确的说法,UP!
zhoujian 发表于 2005-12-24 16:49
支持BB的时态没错，有人说应该用过去完成式，这是不对的。请看最后没划线的部分，since 1890, when about 3 ...
actu 发表于 2004-11-12 20:04
B的时态会否有问题？The tense in B is perfectly correct!
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