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标题: og127关于修饰对象的问题 [打印本页]
作者: shiningstar    时间: 2004-9-2 03:27
标题: og127关于修饰对象的问题

127. In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries
from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances
for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them to the United Nations.
(A) for their employees' paychecks, assigned by them
(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned(B)
(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned
(D) in place of their employees' paychecks, for those of them assigned
(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them


我的问题是a答案还有c答案，黄色部分，是一个语法现象么？


og解释说a中修饰最近的名词paychecks，c怎么就修饰不明确了呢？


请指点，谢谢！

作者: likui    时间: 2004-9-2 21:14

C有个天大的错误哦～

现在分词作定语时表示的动作的发生时间要与谓语动词的时态大体一致～

现在分词的完成时是不能用于作限定词的！

就是说N.+having done 这样修饰是绝对错的～

作者: shiningstar    时间: 2004-9-3 00:27

谢谢，记住了

作者: shiningstar    时间: 2004-9-3 01:04
但是我还想肯定一点：是不是类似于a黄色部分这种结构的修饰成分都是修饰其前面紧跟的名词的啊？能不能用专业点的术语表达一下啊？
作者: hahastar    时间: 2004-12-3 11:28
up
作者: wwwhahchn    时间: 2004-12-3 12:44
同问！
作者: joe11    时间: 2004-12-3 21:55
以下是引用shiningstar在2004-9-2 3:27:00的发言：

127. In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries
from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances
for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them to the United Nations.
(A) for their employees' paychecks, assigned by them
(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned(B)
(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned
(D) in place of their employees' paychecks, for those of them assigned
(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them


我的问题是a答案还有c答案，黄色部分，是一个语法现象么？


og解释说a中修饰最近的名词paychecks，c怎么就修饰不明确了呢？


请指点，谢谢！


assigned by 和  having been assigned 是 分词短语作同位语，要求其逻辑主语要明确，即谁是动作的发出者要清晰。

A. assigned by 之前的名词是 paychecks, 也有可能是主句主语governments, 但其意思解释不通，所以还是应该修饰 paychecks.

C. having been assigned 之前的名词有 employees 和 paychecks, 而且二者都可以被assigned by the government, 所以有修饰不清晰的嫌疑。

作者: wwwhahchn    时间: 2004-12-3 23:21

白勇的《GMAT语法全解》上说：现在分词短语在句尾：（1）表伴随动作、状态、功能，与句子谓语动作同时发生，逻辑主语等与句子主语；（2）表伴随结果，整个句子是原因，导致分词动作产生，无逻辑主语

C中显然是第（1）种情况，having been assigned修饰some governments，不合理

作者: jones79    时间: 2005-4-15 17:13
以下是引用shiningstar在2004-9-2 3:27:00的发言：

127. In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries
from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances
for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them to the United Nations.
(A) for their employees' paychecks, assigned by them
(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned(B)
(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned
(D) in place of their employees' paychecks, for those of them assigned
(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them


我的问题是a答案还有c答案，黄色部分，是一个语法现象么？


og解释说a中修饰最近的名词paychecks，c怎么就修饰不明确了呢？


请指点，谢谢！



A中的assigned by them ,是否有指代allowances的嫌疑??


可是og并没有说到???


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-4-15 17:14:11编辑过]
作者: 薰衣紫草    时间: 2005-4-16 09:26

只要知道这里有指代歧义就好了.

作者: weichenli    时间: 2005-8-4 15:20

A 为什么是modify Adjacent noun 而不是 govt 呢? 不是有一种说法: 代词优先替代原句主词的吗


如把A 的同位语想成 employee's paychecks, (which were)assigned by them, 大不了指paychecks 被assigned, 也没有证据说那个them 是一定指paychecks 啊


虽然选时觉得A的代名词很碍眼, 不选会有歧意, 但OG的解释写明了: the phrase "assigned by them " in A modifies the adjacent noun, paychecks


关于这个与法点很想搞亲楚, 还请NN指导

作者: weichenli    时间: 2005-8-4 15:41

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=83083


上面说-ED 句尾是就近作定语, 算是解了我的迷


在我看来, A 跟 C 选项是两种不同的文法


C 是participial的问题, 修饰主语


A 是ed ,同位语 修饰其前的N


这个结论跟整理应该解了这题的迷吧?

作者: tinaliu1985    时间: 2006-3-18 11:35

个人理解:


   当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词


   而当现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；而当出现逗号时，则是分词的省略结构，其逻辑主语为主句的逻辑主语。

作者: woodrowzt    时间: 2008-1-29 16:43
以下是引用tinaliu1985在2006-3-18 11:35:00的发言：

个人理解:

   当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词

   而当现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；而当出现逗号时，则是分词的省略结构，其逻辑主语为主句的逻辑主语。

黄色部分正确吗？请NN解释下，感激不尽

作者: tigercaiqun    时间: 2008-2-21 22:31
以下是引用tinaliu1985在2006-3-18 11:35:00的发言：

个人理解:

   当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词

   而当现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；而当出现逗号时，则是分词的省略结构，其逻辑主语为主句的逻辑主语。

我的理解:

1.当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词;

2.现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；

3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 所以OG127说C选项:"the phrase having been assigned...is uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->就是说这个现在分词本来是应该修饰前面的employee的,却变成了修饰主语governments了.  (另外在GMAT里,having been done的用法错误,应直接用done) 

避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰--OG127正确选项B (而不用加逗号的现在分词修饰.其实分词是定语从句的省略形式,在句中无逗号分词(注意是无逗号的,有逗号的在句中有歧义)就比定语从句简洁)还有 OG120也是同样道理:修饰句尾名词,正确选项A用定语从句.E选项的句尾现在分词错误.

4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;

5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1)修饰前面紧邻的名词,2)向后修饰后面句子的主语.

  这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.避免方式:1)用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2)可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179

6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.见OG208

:



[此贴子已经被作者于2008-3-19 9:46:14编辑过]
作者: qqiaoer    时间: 2008-3-17 21:00

总结的真好,谢谢

作者: ppjelly    时间: 2008-5-20 05:56
tigercaiqun总结的真是好。经过本人近3小时的验证，我把自己的语法笔记关于修饰歧义的都过了一遍，结果是tigercaiqun说得完全争取。哈哈。不得不顶，让其他的人都看到啊：）

感谢感谢。

另外补充两句：
1）如果发现两个选项的不同仅在于从句和分词，那么要注意，这里是考点。
2）正常情况下，默认：当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词.这就解决了有些题目有同学问为什么选它做答案，可明明有修饰歧义的问题啦。



    

只有一道题，我用以上2）理论没解释通。此题选B,slowing应该是修饰unexciting merchandise as
well as the weather，拿掉非限定性定语从句不看，这又明明是修饰离得最近的名词。还请各位NN和tigercaiqun解答，谢谢。


    253. Analysts
blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the
weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions. which slowed
sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
    

(A) 
colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed


    

(B) 
which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing


    

(C) 
since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which
slowed


    

(D)  being colder and wetter than usually in
some
            regions, slowing


    

(E)  
having been colder and wetter than was usual
            in some regions and slowed


    
作者: unique_seven    时间: 2008-7-22 20:05
253. Analysts blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions. which slowed sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
    

(A)  colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed

(B)  which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing

(C)  since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which slowed

(D)  being colder and wetter than usually in some
            regions, slowing

(E)   having been colder and wetter than was usual
            in some regions and slowed

 

这里slowing……可不可以理解成which（the weather） was colder and wetter than usual in some regions的伴随结果，还是做句子的伴随结果，所以前面NN总结的依然正确。菜鸟解释，大家指正。。。

作者: SuccessMBA08    时间: 2008-8-5 18:11
以下是引用ppjelly在2008-5-20 5:56:00的发言：
tigercaiqun总结的真是好。经过本人近3小时的验证，我把自己的语法笔记关于修饰歧义的都过了一遍，结果是tigercaiqun说得完全争取。哈哈。不得不顶，让其他的人都看到啊：）

感谢感谢。

另外补充两句：
1）如果发现两个选项的不同仅在于从句和分词，那么要注意，这里是考点。
2）正常情况下，默认：当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词.这就解决了有些题目有同学问为什么选它做答案，可明明有修饰歧义的问题啦。



 

只有一道题，我用以上2）理论没解释通。此题选B,slowing应该是修饰unexciting merchandise as
well as the weather，拿掉非限定性定语从句不看，这又明明是修饰离得最近的名词。还请各位NN和tigercaiqun解答，谢谢。


 253. Analysts
blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the
weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions. which slowed
sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
 

(A) 
colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed


 

(B) 
which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing


 

(C) 
since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which
slowed


 

(D)  being colder and wetter than usually in
some
   regions, slowing


 

(E)  
having been colder and wetter than was usual
   in some regions and slowed


 

问的好,也很想知道答案!!!
作者: guting109    时间: 2008-10-20 14:28
以下是引用unique_seven在2008-7-22 20:05:00的发言：
253. Analysts blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions. which slowed sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
 

(A)  colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed

(B)  which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing

(C)  since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which slowed

(D)  being colder and wetter than usually in some
   regions, slowing

(E)   having been colder and wetter than was usual
   in some regions and slowed

 

这里slowing……可不可以理解成which（the weather） was colder and wetter than usual in some regions的伴随结果，还是做句子的伴随结果，所以前面NN总结的依然正确。菜鸟解释，大家指正。。。

对　slowing就是一个结果状语　ＭＭ总结还是对的！！！
作者: lazyinbed    时间: 2008-12-15 06:04
以下是引用unique_seven在2008-7-22 20:05:00的发言：
253. Analysts blamed May's sluggish retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, colder and wetter than was usual in some regions. which slowed sales of barbecue grills and lawn furniture.
 

(A)  colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed

(B)  which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing

(C)  since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which slowed

(D)  being colder and wetter than usually in some
   regions, slowing

(E)   having been colder and wetter than was usual
   in some regions and slowed

 

这里slowing……可不可以理解成which（the weather） was colder and wetter than usual in some regions的伴随结果，还是做句子的伴随结果，所以前面NN总结的依然正确。菜鸟解释，大家指正。。。


恩,同意,这里的slowing....是作为which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions 伴随结果和前面的主句或者名词反而没有关系了,是不是可以这么理解现在分词在句尾就是作为前面一个句子伴随状语或者伴随结果,这个句子既可以是主句也可以是从句
不管怎么说tigercaiqun的总结实在是太牛了,胜过我做50道语法题,以前概念还是比较模糊的,这下豁然开朗了,牛




[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-15 6:06:07编辑过]
作者: piaolf123    时间: 2009-1-16 13:21
赞tigercaiqun
作者: lzj1209    时间: 2009-9-17 20:16
tigercaiqunMM的总结真是太受用了~~~THX~~~~~~
作者: 情未浓    时间: 2011-10-22 10:04
tigercaiqun总结的太好了！！！！！
我之前就是有逗号的修饰很混乱。。
作者: 逆水潜龙    时间: 2011-11-9 09:55
看一好贴，胜做百题应该就是这感觉了吧·
作者: 逆水潜龙    时间: 2011-11-21 04:08
当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词;
发现0G12  5上那个，surpassed by是个例外，修饰主语Diabets。非就近修饰death。慎用·
作者: 情未浓    时间: 2011-11-21 13:10
当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词;
发现0G12  5上那个，surpassed by是个例外，修饰主语Diabets。非就近修饰death。慎用·
-- by 会员 逆水潜龙 (2011/11/21 4:08:20)




我觉得这一题用以上原则还是说得通的啊。
OG-5题正确句子：
Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.
这里diabetes实际上就是the nation's third leading cause of death.
所以surpassed修饰the nation's third leading cause of death，逻辑上也是正确的。
作者: alexcui31707    时间: 2013-11-10 16:52
chasedream 上的都是牛人，谢谢
作者: AnnieFFish    时间: 2016-7-11 18:00
这两天被v-ing & v-ed % 有没有逗号 这几个问题虐得天旋地转。。。。
每次以为自己终于知道了 又会有新的题目新的规则出现。。。看国外的论坛一个问题能看一个小时，然后一个帖子又引申出N个帖子，真是要跪的节奏
看了T大神的总结 真是豁然开朗！！！
谢谢大神
作者: qtmdgmat    时间: 2017-10-11 21:27
我有个问题不是说同一个句子里面的代词只能指代一个事物吗？ 为什么分句前的their 和后面their 指代不同



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