Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later
in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in
the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a
nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide.
A. later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s
participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in
1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was
B. later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not
become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the
hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were
C. later in the Untied States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that
Barbara Jordan became a nationally recognized figure, with her participation in
the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was
D. then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did
Barbara Jordan become a nationally recognized figure, as she participated in the
hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, being
E. then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did
not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the
hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was
I choose A; answer is B; I do not think “which” can refer to “hearings"; A good example is a question " to 10 percent from 6 percent of its market, which..." "which can refer to market clearly" while "from 6 percent of its market to 10 percent in the country, which" "whcih cannot refer to markey"
Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and
landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the
first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life
and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who
became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win
B. She turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the
peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and novelist Selma Lagerlöf in
1909 became the first woman as well as the first Swedish writer that won
C. Selma Lagerlöf was a novelist who turned away from literary realism to write
romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and in
1909 she became the first woman in addition to the first Swedish writer winning
D. A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about
the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlöf became in
1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win
E. As a novelist, Selma Lagerlöf turned away from literary realism and wrote
romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909
becoming the first woman and also the first Swedish writer that won
I choose A; answer is D; “and also” in D and E may be wrong, I remember OG regards “and also” as redundant error??
第一题B，hearings在这里解释为：听证会，也的确是这个听证会were televised nationwide。A中的it指代不明确或不合理。
第二题D，首先，我大致查了一遍OG，没有找到明确说明‘and also多余’的解释，OG中大量的and also是由于not only..but also搭配的错误。（不过，我找得不是太仔细，希望进一步确认。）。对A的错误有如下看法：首先，这个句子用分词结构不尽合理，turn away和became是明确的先后动作，所以用分词表示一定程度上的伴随不妥；此外，in 1909这个状语的位置也不是很好；此外，turning作为动作的伴随，与主句中was而不是主句中who从句的became形成匹配，这是一个严重错误；另外；was the novelist who became the first woman and was also the first句子中的平行结构混乱and后的was结构即可以与第一个was平行，也可能被理解为与became平行；
对不起，其他答案没有仔细看，觉得D好像没有什么错误。
第一题，which指代the impeachment
第二题，我的stone意见相左，恰恰d的in 1909位置不对，a把它放在人名前我倒觉得没什么不对；另外
turn away和became是明确的先后动作，所以用分词表示一定程度上的伴随不妥
分词结构不仅可以表示伴随，还可以表示原因，结果，条件，让步等情况，这里完全可以用分词表示先于become发生的情况。
1, The "which were" wants a plural antecedant of which, thus only "hearings" meets this requirement.
第一题，which指代the impeachment
第二题，我的stone意见相左，恰恰d的in 1909位置不对，a把它放在人名前我倒觉得没什么不对；另外
turn away和became是明确的先后动作，所以用分词表示一定程度上的伴随不妥
分词结构不仅可以表示伴随，还可以表示原因，结果，条件，让步等情况，这里完全可以用分词表示先于become发生的情况。
第一题，A中it指代impeachment也是逻辑上比较可行的方案，但是即便是单数指代，作为修饰成分的impeachment(出自：in the hearings on the impeachment of )也不应该是优先的指代对象，虽然我们从句子的逻辑上判断，impeachment或许更合理，但是，为什么不可能是participation呢？或许从就近修饰的角度看，figure也不失为一个选择。所以，我认为，第一题it的指代不明确。另外，was she made a nationally recognized figure这个被动语态也有问题，因为动作的逻辑主语相当模糊，是某个人？还是某件事？还是媒体？等等都不清楚，所以这个被动结构也显得不好。
第二题，如A所示，其状语结构in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the first woman and ...表达意思不准确，作者想要表达的是：L这个人在1909年became XX，但是，A结构的意思却可以被理解为：L这个人在1909年的时候才是个作家，而这个作家在某个没有表明的时间里became XX。而D中Selma Lagerlöf became in 1909 the first woman就讲状语与其所要修饰的动作连在一起，明确表明1909年，L became XX。
虽然在一定程度上，我赞成你的看法：分词结构不仅可以表示伴随，还可以表示原因，结果，条件，让步等情况，这里完全可以用分词表示先于become发生的情况。但是，我并不认为上述的理由是没有限制的，当两个动作之间没有密切的联系，或没有一点伴随的含义时，动作与动作之间应该用andl连接比较好，因为and就是强调了动作的先后。在此题中，turn away的确应该发生在became前，但是，became动作的发生必定是turn away动作结束后才开始的，不会是伴随着turn away这个动作开始的，所以，用分词结构不合适。
第一题的A中it缺少合理的指代对象,BJ's..she也违反了代词不能指代possessive noun的原则,尽管这条原则事实证明有时也有例外,并非公理,但是这个句子里改成her, BJ句子明显要顺畅许多,另外sb is made a well known figure好像也不如sb becomes a well known figure来得简洁利落
D选项里的which were没问题,虽然离hearings是远了点,但是中间的impeachment和President Nixon都是单数, 所以没有歧义
第二题A的最大问题在于Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win,因为有了这个and把前面的woman和writer to win给割裂开了,成了单纯的SL was the novelist who become the first woman,逻辑上不能成立.其实本题想要表达的是SL became the (first women and also the first swedish writer) to win nobel prize
2，D Selma Lagerlöf became in 1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win
D的in1909的位置在动词和宾语之间，这应该是错的呀。
1, The "which were" wants a plural antecedant of which, thus only "hearings" meets this requirement.
2，D Selma Lagerlöf became in 1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win
D的in1909的位置在动词和宾语之间，这应该是错的呀。
我也觉得很奇怪
1.which不是说只能修饰前面紧挨着的名词吗？为什么能修是如此遥远的hearings？
2。from literary realism to write romantic stories 中的from和to后面的短语不是应该并列吗？
I have the same puzzle with jeremy;
As of B that are (that can refer to plural noun As, because it is a restrictive clause)
For non-restrictive clause, ( As of B, which were: does which must refer to B in syntaticly??)
To be discussed....
The "to" phrase is a infinite phrase as a purpose adverbial part.
Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and
landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the
first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life
and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who
became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win
B. She turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the
peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and novelist Selma Lagerlöf in
1909 became the first woman as well as the first Swedish writer that won
C. Selma Lagerlöf was a novelist who turned away from literary realism to write
romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and in
1909 she became the first woman in addition to the first Swedish writer winning
D. A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about
the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlöf became in
1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win
E. As a novelist, Selma Lagerlöf turned away from literary realism and wrote
romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909
becoming the first woman and also the first Swedish writer that won
I choose A; answer is D; “and also” in D and E may be wrong, I remember OG regards “and also” as redundant error??
不同意a有很多，其中除了不简洁之外，in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who
became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win（这句话实在太罗嗦了，还不如说in 1909the novelist Selma Lagerlöf became the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win。。。
还有就是这个turning away...
og 说：The “-ing” (present participle) form introduces action that is simultaneous with the action of the main clause; i.e., bringing indicates that the number of wild birds became 34 when the sea eagles left their nests。。。
turning away..... in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf became 。。。是表示同时发生的，而这个和句意不符合。
d中的in 1909虽然插入有点别扭，但是并不妨碍全句的理解，而且我认为在这里提前还有一个是原因可能是强调。另外一个原因很有可能是ets故意的一种混淆。 两害相权，取其轻。在这里并没有错。所以选D
如果改成
A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlöf became the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1909.
应该更好理解一点。
1.which不是说只能修饰前面紧挨着的名词吗？为什么能修是如此遥远的hearings？
2。from literary realism to write romantic stories 中的from和to后面的短语不是应该并列吗？
become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the
hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were
which前面是人，which显然不能用来修饰人，所以避免了歧义，应该可取。在这里我想强调一下，有些规则，只是用来避免引起歧义的，所以应该灵活运用。
og 说：The “-ing” (present participle) form introduces action that is simultaneous with the action of the main clause; i.e., bringing indicates that the number of wild birds became 34 when the sea eagles left their nests。。。
turning away..... in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf became 。。。是表示同时发生的，而这个和句意不符合。
I have the different opinion:
OG indicates that the present participle phrase before the main clause hints an action happening ahead of the action in main clause???
left nest, brining... (participle phrase after main clause hints the two actions occur simutaniously..??)
12. Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only with an Edison phonograph and insatiable curiosity.
(A) Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only
(B) In 1905, Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, traveling the back roads of Hungary, began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were only armed
(C) In 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary armed only
(D) Having traveled the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology; they were only armed（C）
(E) Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, in 1905 began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary, arming themselves only
Choices A and B are wordy and imprecise: the phrasing suggests that Bartok and Kodaly were already traveling the back roads of Hungary when they began their pioneering work, not that they traveled the back roads in order to conduct such work.
这里是说开始旅行的时候，就是他们开始 their pioneering work 阿，两个动作是同时发生的。
(C) In 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary armed only
我前面引用的是og259上的解释。可不是我自己杜撰的。
weiyu说得没错,ing形式og上明确说过如果在main clause之前表示主句动作前已经完成的行为,只有在main clause后才是伴随状语
青鸟你举的例子正是ing在主句后的.
----
不过我不明白为什么大家会觉得in 1906有问题呢?能否再说得清楚一点?
谢谢指教。
即使如此，还是有问题的，因为
Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant
from.. to.. 应该是 Turning away from literary realism to romantic stories about the peasant 或者
Turning away from （writing) literary realism) to (writing) romantic stories about the peasant 才说得过去。
同意原题目答案完全正确！
对第二题A选项再补充说明一点：看到主句开始是in 1909一眼就应该排除！！！所有OG里面分词状语及代词位于句首时，考点就是主句的一开头必定是逻辑主语！！！这点是不容置疑的！除非分词短语和主句主语同时划线。
还有，偶也搞不懂大家为什么会对became in 1909产生怀疑？
谢谢指教。
即使如此，还是有问题的，因为
Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant
from.. to.. 应该是 Turning away from literary realism to romantic stories about the peasant 或者
Turning away from （writing) literary realism) to (writing) romantic stories about the peasant 才说得过去。
好像D也有这个问题：A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about
the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden
个人觉得这里的to不是固定搭配里from A to B的to,而是不定式to。
另：我也不太明白为什么会对became in 1909产生怀疑？
谢谢指点。
I have the same puzzle with jeremy;
As of B that are (that can refer to plural noun As, because it is a restrictive clause)
For non-restrictive clause, ( As of B, which were: does which must refer to B in syntaticly??)
To be discussed....
R119-B
Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.
Choice B, the best answer, uses clear and concise phrasing to state that it is the effects of drug and alcohol abuse that already cost business the sum mentioned.
主谓暗示
回复weiyu在15楼的帖子：
OG indicates that the present participle phrase before the main clause hints an action happening ahead of the action in main clause???
left nest, brining... (participle phrase after main clause hints the two actions occur simutaniously..??)
**********************************************
Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant 中turning away发生在主句前，但是，这个结构还表达了另一层含义，那就是当主句动作发生的时候，turnging away还继续在发生，这就是分词结构和and连词结构的最大区别。连词结构可以表达两个完全独立的动作。从逻辑上讲，只有turn away结束后才有became的开始。
1. 根据大并列原则,第一个逗号后面应该出现一个名词和句首的she 对应，所以ＡＣＤ可以立即排除
２．ＢＥ开比，首先first in ....and later in ．．．．是很规则的一个并列，它比first in....then also later in ．．．．简洁清晰，而且then本身就有later的含义，意思累赘．
再者最后一个逗号前on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon 是用来修饰herings的，中心语是herings，所以which 后一定要用复数形式were,而不能用was.
ＮＮ们帮我看看，我的理解有问题吗？还有哪些我没有注意到？谢谢
﹙D﹚和﹙E﹚我觉得看到then…later就先删了…语意重复…
主动词一致，再删去﹙A﹚﹙C﹚(E)
只剩﹙B﹚了…
逻辑上说impeachment 是不能直播的,只有听证会hearings才可. 直接选B.
同意楼上。
which 不管是指代hearings还是impeachment ，好像都太远了点儿啊
在新东方上课的时候老师一再说which,that在GMAT语法中只能指代紧挨着的名词啊
oh, could somebody tell me for the first question,
why choose the answer B? which one is "which" supposed to refer? how could it refer to some item not adjacent with it?
thanks
第一题的C为何不对？
Turn away from 是厌恶的意思，to 是不定式，google上搜到很多例子
As the individual must repent and turn away from sin to avoid the consequences
of sin, which is death, so must the nations repent and turn away from sin, to
avoid the consequences of sin, which is destruction.
第一题，which指代the impeachment
第二题，我的stone意见相左，恰恰d的in 1909位置不对，a把它放在人名前我倒觉得没什么不对；另外
turn away和became是明确的先后动作，所以用分词表示一定程度上的伴随不妥
分词结构不仅可以表示伴随，还可以表示原因，结果，条件，让步等情况，这里完全可以用分词表示先于become发生的情况。
第一题的which是指hearings
要是指the impeachment还能用were吗？
……
第一题的C为何不对？
which从意思上来说只能指hearings
所以C中的was不对
第一题的 D 很多错误。
1、and then also 的表达很奇怪，then 的存在强加了因果关系，and 与 also 也有重复之嫌。这里不是用于连接两个句子，要表达“和、并列”的意思，and足够了，不需画蛇添足的多一个also。
2、as 引导的时间状语从句，表随着……发生，用在这里不及when好。
3、being的表达错误。being 无论做定语修饰 Nixon,还是做伴随作用，均不合逻辑。这里需要用 which 引导的定语从句，跳跃修饰 hearings。
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