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标题: with 用法一点总结 [打印本页]

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2011-5-31 08:24
标题: with 用法一点总结
语法笔记说with引导的独立主格，一般都是错的，但是心里还是很惴惴，所以回头看OG，把with这中用法总了一下。不知道对不对，希望大家讨论。

86 (错误例子) The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two years.
注：with+名词，被修饰成分不明确。

95 The Peaks of a mountain range, acting like in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them;the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves."
注： with+名词，明确被修饰成分。

98 Even though Clovis points, spear with longitudinal grooves chipped onto their faces, have been founded all over North America, they are named for the New Mexico site where they were first discovered in 1932.
注： with+名词，明确被修饰成分。

29 The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprededented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were not on show.
注： with+名词，被修饰成分: prize stock breeding
顺便说一句，这里的individual 的用法我没有见到过。

作者: mudiduange 时间: 2011-5-31 11:52
有点意思，但实际第二句的with和后面两句的用法有区别。

第二个句子：with+n..这个意思是“伴随...”,但具体啥用法，请高人指点

第三、四个句子：独立主格结构，with+n+doing/done...

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-5-31 12:24

86题是OG的题目，我一开始就不明白 The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two years. 为什么说with被修饰的成分不明确，我赞同楼主说的总结：with的引导的成分，都与被修饰成分紧密相连，不能跳跃指代。那么86题得with 的确是与profits 紧密相连啊! 那为什么OG还说：it is not clear what connection is being described by with. 谁能帮忙解答呢？谢谢啦！！

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2011-6-1 09:07
昨天就看到楼上的问题了，但是怕自己的想法是错误的。查查其他的帖子和我我的想法是一样的。

86 (错误例子) The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two years.

我读完的感觉，with a 5 percent increase 是形容 the results，还是形容 profit，不能确定。

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-6-1 10:24

昨天就看到楼上的问题了，但是怕自己的想法是错误的。查查其他的帖子和我我的想法是一样的。

86 (错误例子) The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two years.

我读完的感觉，with a 5 percent increase 是形容 the results，还是形容 profit，不能确定。

-- by 会员 wangjieava23 (2011/6/1 9:07:44)

谢谢啦！也只能往这方面想了，那么通过86题总结，with不一定是修饰与它紧密相连的那个名词。

作者: jiaying52 时间: 2011-6-1 19:43
86题不是主系表结构吗？the result of XXX为什么不能等于XXX in profit吗？

感谢lz，但是对with的用法仍然不解：（

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2011-6-2 08:50
111

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2011-6-8 23:03

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2011-6-8 23:21
86. The results of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
(A) which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell
(B) which had increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it had fallen
(C) which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(D) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(E) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen

答案：C

作者: egretlee 时间: 2011-9-26 08:11
最近也在纠结with用法……我的看法是,

首先，同意二楼，前两种和后两种用法不一样，后两是独立主格；

然后, comma+with不作noun modifier, 不修饰单独一个名词, 所以, 但凡是需要修饰前面紧邻的名词, 都不选", with"形式. -- 这点是从Manhatton讲义观察的, 里面总结了noun modifier的几种形式, 但是没有with, 然后纵观了例题和官方解释, 个人感觉是这样 -- 这就解释了86为什么用relative pron而不用with, 因为是需要修饰profits;

关于95，我的理解是, 作为伴随状语，可以放到句首， With crest and troughs that…, the flow pattern is … 跟with teacher’s help, we successfully achieved…差不多的？

大家说说这样理解对吗？

作者: susliks 时间: 2011-9-26 09:04
就是说, with 不能修饰前面的名词咯？

作者: egretlee 时间: 2011-9-26 12:57
我的理解是不能, 要修饰前面名词一定是noun modifier, 包括adj, prep, -ing, pp, that/which etc, appositive, 但是不包括with

再举个例子, 这里同样的, 不能用with, 因为simple thesis那些是直接修饰书名那个名词本身的, 如果用with, 整个意思都变了, 就成修饰blabla怎样publish那本书了

作者: egretlee 时间: 2011-9-26 12:57
In 1988, the council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, with the sample thesis of consumers having the power to change companies by the simple expedient of refusing to buy.

A. Same
B. which had the simple thesis of consumers having
C. where the thesis was simple: consumers having
D. with a thesis that is a simple one: consumers have
E. whose thesis was simple: consumers have

作者: kmylv 时间: 2011-9-26 17:11
还有with独立主格的逻辑主语到底看哪个呢？看到prep上说与主句主语有紧密的逻辑关系
如：The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
D和E项，以前帖子里aeoluseros版主解释过：
D和E中increase需要有指代对象，而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法，如果with表示原因，则其无修饰对象，increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表)，那么with的逻辑主语成了results，错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

但是Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.这句里
with的独立主格又修饰了monkeys应该是宾语吧，但句子的主语却是visitors

大家来看看这个

作者: egretlee 时间: 2011-9-27 07:34

还有with独立主格的逻辑主语到底看哪个呢？看到prep上说与主句主语有紧密的逻辑关系
如：The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
D和E项，以前帖子里aeoluseros版主解释过：
D和E中increase需要有指代对象，而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法，如果with表示原因，则其无修饰对象，increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表)，那么with的逻辑主语成了results，错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

但是Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.这句里
with的独立主格又修饰了monkeys应该是宾语吧，但句子的主语却是visitors

大家来看看这个

-- by 会员 kmylv (2011/9/26 17:11:54)

独立主格修饰的不是monkeys, 而是 monkeys sleeping on the branches 整个这个状态

另外, 例题中错误的三个选项, 个人觉得, 虽然有with但都不是独立主格, 而是with引导伴随状语, 跟独立主格不是一个语法现象. 之所以三个都不对, 是因为with不修饰前面紧邻名词

我是这样觉得的

作者: ftdonnaf 时间: 2011-10-14 12:02
The results of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.

如果用with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling
那么with+n+adj/ed，ing/介词短语都是修饰前一个分句的动作类型词，这里理解为are evident详细说明显著的内容，这个时候逻辑发出着是results ，但其实想要修饰的对象是profits，所以这个用with错

作者: 冷辰 时间: 2012-9-5 18:24
首先我觉得with 没有必要是主语发出的吧，OG等材料有太多反例了。。。然后，看了英文论坛上几个instructor对于with 的解释，with modifier 非常的versatile既可以修饰preceding noun也可以修饰preceding clause,要看具体的内容
比如OG13 114 就是很好的例子：
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and growing an extra one or two. 这里第一个with是noun modifier,要遵循touch原则，修饰preceding noun Starfish;第二个with 是adverbial modifier,修饰前面的分句 it is quickly replaced，起到补充解释说明的作用('extends the thought of the preceding clause by providing a detail supporting it')

而OG13 90
The results of the company’s cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen

E选项a five percent increase 并不能很好地和profits 联系起来，也就是这个increase没有明确是否是profits的，可不可以这样理解？但我觉得是个人的话看到这个第一反应肯定是不会怀疑这个increase是谁的increase的，这里面太微妙。。

再看一道GWD：

21: GWD-29-Q15
In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States.
A.   with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going
B.   with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes
C.   with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going
D.   selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes
E.   selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going

答案是E，E里面的half明显指的就是90,000 tons，但这个为什么就有clear connection了呢？

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2012-9-5 19:48
我很不想碰with这个话题的。查资料真的恨exhausted. 说下我简单的看法。如果是是在解释宾语，或是紧紧连接的部分，我觉得应该用which. 如果是暗含着modifer的逻辑主语就是主句主语，同时表示时间发生的同时性，用Ving。如果，Ving解释完了，还要补充就是with.

我只是说了我的想法，是不是对，大家验证吧。

首先我觉得with 没有必要是主语发出的吧，OG等材料有太多反例了。。。然后，看了英文论坛上几个instructor对于with 的解释，with modifier 非常的versatile既可以修饰preceding noun也可以修饰preceding clause,要看具体的内容
比如OG13 114 就是很好的例子：
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and growing an extra one or two. 这里第一个with是noun modifier,要遵循touch原则，修饰preceding noun Starfish;第二个with 是adverbial modifier,修饰前面的分句 it is quickly replaced，起到补充解释说明的作用('extends the thought of the preceding clause by providing a detail supporting it')

而OG13 90
The results of the company’s cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen

E选项a five percent increase 并不能很好地和profits 联系起来，也就是这个increase没有明确是否是profits的，可不可以这样理解？但我觉得是个人的话看到这个第一反应肯定是不会怀疑这个increase是谁的increase的，这里面太微妙。。

再看一道GWD：

21: GWD-29-Q15
In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States.
A. with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going
B. with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes
C. with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going
D. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes
E. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going

答案是E，E里面的half明显指的就是90,000 tons，但这个为什么就有clear connection了呢？

-- by 会员冷辰 (2012/9/5 18:24:31

作者: stlibai 时间: 2012-9-5 23:14
我觉得套用论坛的两步排除法,带with的结构不是优选项,但也不能直接排除,和选项里的其他比较,如果有更好的就不选with.
og说答案都是比出来的没有绝对正确的.有可能这道题里因为没有更好的with就对了,另外一道修饰更清晰with就错了.

作者: fifigao 时间: 2014-9-10 17:16
完全就不懂WITH用法啊

作者: xxylem 时间: 2017-8-26 18:03
https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/in-1988-the-council-on-economic-priorities-began-publishing-t573
这里有Ron批准了的解释

作者: xxylem 时间: 2017-8-26 18:05

egretlee 发表于 2011-9-26 12:57
In 1988, the council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, with the s ...

https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/in-1988-the-council-on-economic-priorities-began-publishing-t5
Ron同意了“,with”的结构是修饰前面整个句子的。

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