ChaseDream

标题: with引导的独立主格,是不是“修饰整个句子”,然后with就是“有”的意思啊 [打印本页]

作者: wytk    时间: 2011-4-16 12:42
标题: with引导的独立主格,是不是“修饰整个句子”,然后with就是“有”的意思啊
with引导的独立主格,是不是“修饰整个句子”,然后with就是“有”的意思啊
总是觉得对with独立主格的理解不太好~
NN指教啊
作者: hellcan    时间: 2011-4-16 12:44
主语POSSESS WITH后面的成分  独立主格就是对前面内容补充嘞
作者: wytk    时间: 2011-4-16 13:04
恩~好好琢磨一下楼上的话~
作者: 夜色微蓝    时间: 2011-4-16 23:04
我的理解好像不是在这样的,我也说说,大家讨论一下吧,看看我的理解对不对哈,呵呵

独立主格分三种,1.一般型;2.with型;3.each型;独立主格结构放在句首或句尾,起状语作用,表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等;其逻辑主语不必为句子主语…………不一定就是有的意思,表示是一种伴随,LZ说的有的意思,好像不是with型独立主格的用法,不知道我的理解对不对,一下子也找不到题目来说明,呵呵,如果我错了,请大家修正

楼主说的with型,是与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
   由“with +宾语+宾补”构成的复合结构,在句中可作状语,表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当
作者: wytk    时间: 2011-4-16 23:37
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
作者: 夜色微蓝    时间: 2011-4-17 12:26
个人觉得独立主格的逻辑主语,不应该为句子主语,而是其有自己的逻辑主语,要不,…………是不是就可以不用独立主格了呢?我也有点不是很明白了,希望有权威人士指点

这题答案是C吧?是非限定定语从句修饰profit,不是独立主格

呵呵,我不是牛,正在削尖脑袋往语法里钻,很弱,自己觉得也解释得不是很详细,希望再讨论的过程中找出自己的不足,大家一起加油~~

另外你说的分别该怎么理解,我不是很明白你想问什么呢,这是两种不同的结构,多找找一类的题,多看看,可能感觉会好一些,再继续讨论~~
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2011-4-17 12:52
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)


D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
作者: 夜色微蓝    时间: 2011-4-17 15:08

220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)



D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)

[/quote]

哈哈哈哈~~~一呼唤权威人士,权威人士就来了~~~


版主的解释清晰多了,我也弄明白了  “with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,”   这才是为什么不用独立主格的原因,版主的解释清晰明了,摘走啦摘走啦~~
作者: wytk    时间: 2011-4-17 16:10
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)



D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)



感谢斑斑
俺记住了,with独立主格,3个含义,表示原因(此时不需要逻辑主语,修饰前面整句话),表示伴随动作(需要自己的逻辑主语)&表示伴随结果(with the result of ...),表示状态(需要逻辑主语,且此时前面是主系表结构)
附上斑斑给的例子prep2-193,方便后人~


193.(29942-!-item-!-188;#058&004596)(T-3-Q2)



As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.

A. As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing

B. As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

C. The honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes

D. The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing

E. The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

作者: christ900624    时间: 2011-9-1 20:57
太好啦~~终于弄懂了~
作者: northface    时间: 2011-9-3 14:13
关于with的总结很经典,可以用作做题的工具!
作者: rainbowmanutd    时间: 2011-9-11 09:16
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)



D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)

谢谢版主,但是红色字体的地方我有些不太明白,
独立主格的逻辑主语,到底是主句的主语呢,还是with结构里的名词?(例:with the boy leading the way, they started towards the village)这个句子里独立主格的逻辑主语是the boy 还是 they?我一直以为是主句的主语,但今天看prep笔记,说独立主格分2部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起逻辑主语的作用,一部分是宾补。那这不就成了逻辑主语是with结构里的名词了吗?
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2011-9-19 18:10
D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)


谢谢版主,但是红色字体的地方我有些不太明白,
独立主格的逻辑主语,到底是主句的主语呢,还是with结构里的名词?(例:with the boy leading the way, they started towards the village)这个句子里独立主格的逻辑主语是the boy 还是 they?我一直以为是主句的主语,但今天看prep笔记,说独立主格分2部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起逻辑主语的作用,一部分是宾补。那这不就成了逻辑主语是with结构里的名词了吗?
-- by 会员 rainbowmanutd (2011/9/11 9:16:53)


这个句子里独立主格的主语是they. 而独立主格内部的主语是the boy,独立主格的另一个名字又叫独立分句(a comprehensive grammar of english里面的叫法),即是一个可以独立存在的有逻辑主语和逻辑主语的动作的成分。
作者: ileisure    时间: 2011-10-11 21:53
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)



D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)



不明白啊,独立主格不是自带主语了么,为什么还需要找逻辑主语??。。。。求助啊
作者: woailixuan1990    时间: 2011-10-11 23:45
我也不明白LS的问题..
作者: woailixuan1990    时间: 2011-10-11 23:52
D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)



谢谢版主,但是红色字体的地方我有些不太明白,
独立主格的逻辑主语,到底是主句的主语呢,还是with结构里的名词这个句子里独立主格的逻辑主语是the boy 还是 they?我一直以为是主句的主语,但今天看prep笔记,说独立主格分2部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起逻辑主语的作用,一部分是宾补。那这不就成了逻辑主语是with结构里的名词了吗?
-- by 会员 rainbowmanutd (2011/9/11 9:16:53)



这个句子里独立主格的主语是they. 而独立主格内部的主语是the boy,独立主格的另一个名字又叫独立分句(a comprehensive grammar of english里面的叫法),即是一个可以独立存在的有逻辑主语和逻辑主语的动作的成分。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/9/19 18:10:04)




您看with是不是这么理解:

with+宾语+宾补   就是看这个宾语到底跟主句中的哪个成分联系更大? 跟哪个成分联系大,这个宾语就是修饰谁的?
不过 (例:with the boy leading the way, they started towards the village) 这个独立主格应该是 表原因吧  所以boy和主句哪个成分关系都不大。
作者: woailixuan1990    时间: 2011-10-11 23:58
另外 我想请问下版主  还是 这题

The results of thecompany's cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increasedfive percent during the first three months of this year after it fell overthe last two years.
A.    which increased five percent during the first three months of this yearafter it fell
B.    which had increased five percent during the first three months of thisyear after it had fallen
C.which have increased five percent during the first three months of thisyear after falling
D.     with a five percentincrease during the first three months of this year after falling   (C)
E.    with a five percent increase during the first three months of this yearafter having fallen


with独立主格(作伴随或者表状态时)   中的宾语是不是只能修饰主句中的 主语 or 宾语?   不能修饰介宾结构中的宾语? 例如 不能修饰in the profits的profits。


那么其他非with的独立主格 是不是也是这样的?

作者: crystal522    时间: 2012-4-6 22:46
不知道是不是沉了很久的贴了,来顶一下~with用法好不容易搞懂了~~~
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2012-4-28 01:37
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)



D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)


补充一下,
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语
--
这一点,并没有说前面必须是句子,是一个noun.+present participle也可以的。
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2012-4-28 01:39
D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)




谢谢版主,但是红色字体的地方我有些不太明白,
独立主格的逻辑主语,到底是主句的主语呢,还是with结构里的名词这个句子里独立主格的逻辑主语是the boy 还是 they?我一直以为是主句的主语,但今天看prep笔记,说独立主格分2部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起逻辑主语的作用,一部分是宾补。那这不就成了逻辑主语是with结构里的名词了吗?
-- by 会员 rainbowmanutd (2011/9/11 9:16:53)




这个句子里独立主格的主语是they. 而独立主格内部的主语是the boy,独立主格的另一个名字又叫独立分句(a comprehensive grammar of english里面的叫法),即是一个可以独立存在的有逻辑主语和逻辑主语的动作的成分。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/9/19 18:10:04)





您看with是不是这么理解:

with+宾语+宾补   就是看这个宾语到底跟主句中的哪个成分联系更大? 跟哪个成分联系大,这个宾语就是修饰谁的?
不过 (例:with the boy leading the way, they started towards the village) 这个独立主格应该是 表原因吧  所以boy和主句哪个成分关系都不大。
-- by 会员 woailixuan1990 (2011/10/11 23:52:53)


可以认为是表原因,也可以认为是伴随动作,其实界限已经听模糊了。还要看上下文具体语境。如果上文说的是他们如何如何到达村庄,那么必然是表示原因了。
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2012-4-28 01:41
另外 我想请问下版主  还是 这题

The results of thecompany's cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increasedfive percent during the first three months of this year after it fell overthe last two years.
A.    which increased five percent during the first three months of this yearafter it fell
B.    which had increased five percent during the first three months of thisyear after it had fallen
C.which have increased five percent during the first three months of thisyear after falling
D.     with a five percentincrease during the first three months of this year after falling   (C)
E.    with a five percent increase during the first three months of this yearafter having fallen


with独立主格(作伴随或者表状态时)   中的宾语是不是只能修饰主句中的 主语 or 宾语?   不能修饰介宾结构中的宾语? 例如 不能修饰in the profits的profits。


那么其他非with的独立主格 是不是也是这样的?
-- by 会员 woailixuan1990 (2011/10/11 23:58:02)


对的,修饰不到profits。
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2012-4-28 01:42
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)





D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)





不明白啊,独立主格不是自带主语了么,为什么还需要找逻辑主语??。。。。求助啊
-- by 会员 ileisure (2011/10/11 21:53:05)



独立主格本身做的是状语,而状语又有其所修饰的对象,
独立主格自身内部主语,和在外部再修饰一个主语并不矛盾。
作者: mslancaster    时间: 2012-4-28 02:50
好帖子  mark一下
作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-5-14 16:01
LS是大牛!!
俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~
这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎么理解呢
辛苦大牛啦~
220.    (27530-!-item-!-188;#058&002469)    (GWD-24-8)

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
-- by 会员 wytk (2011/4/16 23:37:53)



D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 12:52:27)



斑斑~我反反复复看了你这张帖子的回复,还有你其他with帖子的回复,你的第一条“表原因,不需要考虑逻辑主语,只修饰前面整句。”这句还是不懂呀~有几个小问题,能不能麻烦确认一下!

1、按我的理解,你的意思是不是说,这个with结构不是独立主格,而是时间状语,所以不需要逻辑主语?
2、但是我的理解时间状语是不是应该修饰前面句子的动词?但是这里有个疑问“如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指”,无修饰对象是什么意思?
引出一题,更好说明问题2:OG-verbal-Q96
96.Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits
data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the
atmosphere, interactions that
affect
global climate.
A. atmosphere, interactions that affect
B. atmosphere, with interactions affecting
C. atmosphere that affects
D. atmosphere that is affecting
E. atmosphere as affects                                             OA:A
这里B按照语意来理解也是表示原因。OG上B的解释是“The prepositional phrase, with . . . has noclear noun or noun phrase to attach to and is therefore ungrammatical”。这里也是说with没有修饰对象,作为原因状语它为什么要修饰名词啊???
谢谢斑斑,求解惑!!!
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2012-5-14 17:27
1. 是原因状语哦,独立主格也可以做原因状语,这点并不矛盾,独立主格也不一定必须有逻辑主语,因为独立这个就是状语,我们的状语本来就是不一定要逻辑主语的,而可能只是对句子的一个修饰。
2. 其实修饰整句和修饰动词没区别的,因为句子的核心意思就是由动词体现出来的。“无其修饰对象”其实指的是“无具体修饰对象,但是修饰的是整个句子”。
3. OG-Q96这个题,with interactions affecting逻辑上不可能做原因状语,所以就只能修饰到某个特定的名词。但是这里with interactions如果修饰主语an array of buoys逻辑也不对,所以with短语就没有清晰的修饰对象了。
作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-5-14 19:45
……终于终于懂了!!!我这个破理解能力!!!真心谢谢斑斑的耐心回答!顺便表达一下长久以来的崇拜之情!

下面总结一下好了,把斑斑的高度浓缩扩充一下,例子和highlight是我自己补充的,斑斑帮忙看看对不对捏?:
with短语做状语三个功能(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了):
1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句 。(作原因状语,修饰整句话,不特定修饰一个S、O。)
例如:Prep08-Q155. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
又例如:Prep08-Q175. (GWD-9-Q3) With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.

2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语(整个with结构和主句的主语逻辑上要符合。),且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193).
例如Prep08-Q162. Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that are essentially wheel-like, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub.(作伴随状语,且符合with的独立主格的逻辑主语是spiders)

Prep2-Q193. (T-3-Q2)The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes the bee to sustain a fatal injury.(with the result that作结果状语)


3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。 (没有搜到正确句子,但是据推测应该是和Ving在主系表结构的主句里面,表示状态的作用一致。)


再分析Q220、OGverbal-Q96错误的原因:
Q220:如果with表示原因,修饰整句,increase无所指,错误。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。
OG-Q96:with interactions affecting逻辑上不可能做原因状语和伴随状语。所以就只能是作介宾修饰到某个特定的名词。但是这里with interactions如果修饰主语an array of buoys逻辑也不对,所以with短语就没有清晰的修饰对象了。
作者: amiroven    时间: 2012-10-18 16:17
谢谢ls的讨论,很清晰。


今天看到一个例子:
Og13-114. Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and growing an extra one or two.


在这个句子中,后面with的部分是做独立主格。


1.那么这道题的用法,是归为with独立主格用法的“表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,前面不能是完成时” 这一类麽?
要怎样翻译呢?


2.是with表达“用”(行为动作的工具)嘛?


求指点~




作者: amiroven    时间: 2012-10-21 11:28
顶一下~
作者: sisichen666    时间: 2012-10-21 11:37
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and growing an extra one or two.这里没有完成时啊,have a ability动宾结构啊,with伴随
starfish,有5-8个触手,如果它们的一个触手丢失了,这个触手会很快(通过这种动物的过度补偿和本身就多长了一个或两个触手)被替换”,with就是括号里的内容
作者: sisichen666    时间: 2012-10-21 11:40
并不建议把with独立主格翻译成有的没的,知道他的功能,修饰谁就可以了
作者: DUKB24    时间: 2012-10-21 11:41
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and growing an extra one or two.这里没有完成时啊,have a ability动宾结构啊,with伴随
starfish,有5-8个触手,如果它们的一个触手丢失了,这个触手会很快(通过这种动物的过度补偿和本身就多长了一个或两个触手)被替换”,with就是括号里的内容
-- by 会员 sisichen666 (2012/10/21 11:37:58)



为什么要理解成独立主格这么蛋疼。。。


看成adverbial modifier不就好了么


provide extra info to the preceding clause


identify how it is replaced
作者: sisichen666    时间: 2012-10-21 11:48
哎呦D哥。。我也觉得就是个修饰成分啦,不过人家问with独立主格,就回答下喽
作者: sisichen666    时间: 2012-10-21 11:48
D哥不要老是eggpain啦。。。。嘻嘻
作者: lyly85777    时间: 2014-5-18 09:19
谢谢解释啊!!
作者: 巫汤汤    时间: 2014-10-2 10:58
aeoluseros 发表于 2011-4-17 12:52
LS是大牛!!俺把题目贴在这里了,能给结合题目具体讲讲吗~这个结构和独立主格的不同在哪里呢,分别该怎 ...

问一个和独立主格无关的问题,为什么A里面不区分时间先后直接说after it fell 是不对的,请大家不要鄙视我
作者: Zaladking    时间: 2018-11-13 08:28
Mark一下!               




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