现在分词伴随状语的正反向考法
总论
GMAT语法中常常考查前一个分句的整体对后面一个对象的作用结果,一般认可的正确答案是使用现在分词做伴随状语。另外还有一种应用情况是,两个动作同时发生。在平时的语法中,我们常常使用连词and来连接两个动作,可是在GMAT语法中常常使用伴随状语。老鱼在它的讲座里举的一个例子就是:
She is sitting on the tree and reading a book. (一般语法)
She is sitting on the tree, reading a book.(GMAT语法)
所以我们在以下两个情况下要使用伴随状语
1、 前一个分句的整体对后面某一个对象的作用
2、 两个同时发生的动作
一、正向考法
正向考法就是要你识别出前一个分句是从整体上对后一个分句的宾语发生作用。例如:
He scored 100, making him the best student.
这里的making动作的逻辑主语就是前一个分句的整体。既不是前分句的主语也不是前分句的宾语,所以只可以使用伴随状语。
这样的正向考题非常非常多,ETS给出的干扰选项也非常有规律。
1、 which引导的非限制性定语从句
一般语法中可以使用which指代前面的整个分句,而GMAT语法中不允许。这个选项的干扰性最强。
2、 不定式
考生常常会忽略不定式的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语,所以也有干扰性。不过在GMAT里,似乎没有看到过逗号以后使用不定式仍然是正确答案的先例(平行对称结构除外)。
3、 介词宾语结构
介词宾语结构不如不定式,如果不是固定搭配最好不要用。
二、反向考法之
既然一个考点可以正向考,如果不反向也考一考就没有难度了。反向的考法是,当前一个分句本来没有对后一个分句的宾语造成任何作用,题目却不断地引诱你去这样做。例如:
He went into the classroom and sit on the chair.(逻辑上很合理,只有进了教室才可以坐在椅子上)
ETS的干扰选项:He went into the classroom, sitting on the chair.(逻辑上就很荒谬了,在进教室这个动作发生的时候,他一直坐在椅子上)
He scored 100 in the 1st test and scored 99 in the 2nd test.(逻辑上很合理)
ETS的干扰选项:He scored 100 in the 1st test, scoring 99 in the 2nd test.(逻辑上很荒谬,第一次考了100导致第二次考99)
来一个实际中的例子,新东方补充教材新版本204题:
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
She is sitting on the tree and reading a book. (一般语法)
She is sitting on the tree, reading a book.(GMAT语法)
-这个简单的例子让偶豁然明白了,原来只是像小和尚念经一样记住分词短语在句末可以表示伴随动作,确没有这个简单的例子来得明了,印象深刻!
来一个实际中的例子,新东方补充教材新版本204题:
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
-这个例子举得也很经典!
楼主的东东都好经典Lei,贪心地说希望多多这样的好东东!
p.s. 强烈支持楼主的头像里的标语,不过自私地想问楼主可不可以让它不要动呀, 因为每次看楼主的好东东时总被它搞的分心,眼睛也有点痛通。
谢谢楼主的体恤!
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来一个实际中的例子,新东方补充教材新版本204题:
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
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从语法点上看, 分词的主要功能就是做形容词修饰名词或代词,我不觉得应该把merging看成和 is 并列构成伴随状语(版主用来排除ABC的主要依据),这题为什么不可以 将 merging 看成是修饰主句的主语 fusion 呢, 如果我们把语序稍微调整一下, 变成:
Merging the ....., nuclear fusion is a force that ......
把merging看成方式状语, 觉得有什么问题呢?
一直觉得分词做状语在GMAT里挺浑人的,但我手边没有语法书, 能不能请版主把分词的用法给来个详细的, 全面的总结. 谢谢了
另外, 这题到底是 的 D 还是 E 呀, 给我自己选, 我肯定象版主说的,掉坑里,选个 C 了, 呵呵
感觉上分词放在主句之前,是修饰主句主语;分词放在主句之后(与主句有逗号隔开),做伴随壮语
Merging the ....., nuclear fusion is a force that ......与 nuclear fusion is a force that ......,Merging the .....,意思有差别。例如
She is sitting on the tree and reading a book. (一般语法)
她正在坐着and正在读一本书。
She is sitting on the tree, reading a book.(GMAT语法)
她正在坐着,读着一本书。
reading a book,She is sitting on the tree
正在读着一本书的她正在坐着。
用了楼主的例子,又擅自篡改加上了第三个,也还不知道改的对不对,真是抱歉。
请指正。
dancingforum的考虑是有道理的,不过我在做完了所有的题目后发现ETS的出题风格非常有规律性。它考的是GMAT语法,不是英语语法。所以它正确的答案只有那么几种,错误只有那么几种,连思路都只有那么几种。ETS最牛的地方就在于,即使我知道它所有的考点,我仍然会做错很多的题目。你根本不需要考虑什么方式状语不方式状语,ETS在设计GMAT的时候只考查伴随状语和非伴随状语在逻辑上的区别。要不然GMAT就成了英语考试,考英语能力和记忆力。而事实上,GMAT是能力考试,考的就是那么固定的几种语法知识和逻辑思路。逻辑思路才是真正的重点。在这个考点上,你记住上面的总结就可以了。ETS不会再有任何例外。
从逻辑上如果理解为方式状语的话,也讲不通。翻译如下:
“通过连接***这样的方式,nuclear fusion是一个什么什么东西。”(显然不对劲)
再转达新东方老师上课讲的一句话:GMAT不是在考英语,而是在考能力。
分词独立结构的正反向考法我有空再总结,5月10号就考了。
祝楼主考试成功!我从你的总结里学到好多!
我找到一个例子,不知可否说明ets就是认为现在分词放在前面是修饰主句主语,这点也可以做为ets的gmat逻辑思路?
og220
220 For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.
(A) For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788,
(B) Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years,
(C) Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
og解释Choice B is similarly illogical, because the initial verb phrase Beginning in 1788 ... modifies England, the subject of the main clause.
期待你的总结!再祝考试成功!
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
正确选项是E。
又想不通了!nuclear fusion: 核子融合-这是一个过程;atomic reactor:原子反应炉-这是一个设备。用unlike连接的两个部分应对称,这两个东东对称吗?到底对称是什么概念?
所以我们在以下两个情况下要使用伴随状语
1、 前一个分句的整体对后面某一个对象的作用
2、 两个同时发生的动作
但后面怎么只看到第一种情况的正向考法和反向考法,第二种呢?
这个帖子太经典了,请再把这个疑问解决一下,谢谢!
正确选项是E。
又想不通了!nuclear fusion: 核子融合-这是一个过程;atomic reactor:原子反应炉-这是一个设备。用unlike连接的两个部分应对称,这两个东东对称吗?到底对称是什么概念?
我想这题就只能用“选5个选项里最好的”的原则来解释了。
前3个选项用楼主的方法已经排除了,D的is done有歧义,不知是指 merge还是split,只能两害相权取其轻,选E了。
正确选项是E。
又想不通了!nuclear fusion: 核子融合-这是一个过程;atomic reactor:原子反应炉-这是一个设备。用unlike连接的两个部分应对称,这两个东东对称吗?到底对称是什么概念?
这个就涉及到物理常识了,nuclear fusion是核聚变,但atomic reactor指一般的核反应堆,用的方法是核裂变,所以这两种核反应方式是相反的过程,所以原文中说unlike。
楼主总结的太好了,向楼主致敬!
1、 前一个分句的整体对后面某一个对象的作用
1、 前一个分句的整体对后面某一个对象的作用
这里不是状语啊!是修饰which来的
同意楼上的观点,这里slowing是作为which 定语从句中的一部分,即 which (weather) slowing.........
注意在英语中所有的修饰语原则上都是紧跟在其修饰的对象后面(或前面)。
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
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我有一个跟分词无关的问题:
E选项 and merges之前有逗号,那会不会有歧义呢?merges 即可以看作是与前面的谓语 is 平行,也可以看作是与powers平行呀。
我记得OG里好像有一题就是因为将从属于定语从句的“but+句子”用逗号隔开,而是but引导的句子与主句平行引起歧义。
上面我说的题如下:
939. With its abundance of noun inflections, Icelandic is one of several Germanic languages that is compact when written but can lengthen considerably when translated into English.
(A) is compact when written but can lengthen considerably when translated into English
(B) are compact when they are written, but they can lengthen considerably when they are translated in English
(C) is compact when written but can lengthen considerably when being translated into English
(D) are compact when written but can lengthen considerably in English translation
(E) is compact when it is written but can lengthen considerably when translated in English
参考答案D
我觉得
原句想表达的意思是,but they can lengthen considerably when they are translated in English 和 are compact when they are written并列,都是属于that引导的定语从句的内容,修饰languages。但是在B中,but之前加了一个逗号,就把but后面的这个句子变成了一个独立的句子,与Icelandic is one of several Germanic languages that is compact when written 并列了。改变了句子的原意。
Avantasia的观点和我一样。http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=25341
到底能不能将定语从句中的并列分句用逗号断开呢?
嗯,这样的帖子,有多少收多少,哈哈
边看og的解释,边来语法区看看讨论贴,就一道题,往往要花两三个小时。恕我偷懒,今天实在看不完所有的相关总结,就发问了,请包涵。
要问的还是有关于分词的修饰(sth + 分词,中间不个逗号的这种):
首先确认一下究竟有没有定义"sth + 分词"结构中,分词对sth的修饰是限定性的还是非限定性的、或是两者皆有可能??比如说,satellites orbiting the distant planet或a city economy becoming more dependent on information-based industries中,orbiting是指satellites that is orbiting呢,还是satellites, which is orbiting??
另外,请教一下分词表示持续含义的区分场合:
og220
220 For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.
(A) For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788,
(B) Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years,
(C) Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788
Og 80
80. Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
(A) that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were
og80的解释中 D and E also incorrectly use the present participle flourishing where that flourished is needed.
请问og220中的a hundred years beginning in 1788中,为什么beginning就可以呢?
(虽然我知道这是a hundred years that began in 1788的主动语态分词表达形式)
是不是og中并没有强调有表示过去一点的时间标志词,就一定不能出现现在分词修饰,而是只有在实际
句子结构环境中来判断合适与否,即flourishing的错是因为不能同之后的as those did相对应呢?(但好像
还有好多og的题目是否定ing修饰过去动作的用法的,一时想不起来了)。越写越糊涂了,请大家解惑,
谢谢!
首先确认一下究竟有没有定义"sth + 分词"结构中,分词对sth的修饰是限定性的还是非限定性的、或是两者皆有可能??比如说,satellites orbiting the distant planet或a city economy becoming more dependent on information-based industries中,orbiting是指satellites that is orbiting呢,还是satellites, which is orbiting??
如果是修饰紧前的名词的话,分词和从句是一样的,没有逗号就是限制,有逗号就是非限制的。
(注意以上成立的情况是在逻辑意思上很清楚是用来修饰紧前名词的情况下)
后面一个我也不太确定,同问~:)
"N, 分词", 如果是现在分词, 99%做状语修饰前面的动词或者整个句子; 如果是过去分词, 大多修饰逗号前面的名词, 极少数可以跳越修饰.
分词和定语从句我认为不存在修饰上面的差异, 至少, OG上面没有明确说明过, 大家的一些总结也只是经验数据的集合, 而且存在一定数量的例外.
这里不用分词我也怀疑是因为候后面的补出结构的问题, 不过解释有点牵强, 请教大家!
according to teacher Shi-Lin in XDF, do not over-estimate the complexity of the questions in Grammar.
I agree with upstairs that Unlink is not a good choice, but to avoid ambiguity, it is the only choice
回家了,可以输入中文了,
我觉得,上面问题考的就是后面结构的歧义,所以争执merging和that merges意义不是很大
好问题! 实在是好问题啊!
1. 首先, 我认为分词表延续, 从句表一次性的观点是错的. OG223就充分反驳了这个观点. 分词单独出现的时候确实有延续的意思, 但OG没有在分词与从句两者比较的时候做出这样的解释.
2. jackychew问的实在好. 分词前有逗号做非限制修饰, 没有逗号做限制修饰, OG220充分说明了这一点. 但237的orbiting前面没有逗号困扰了我很久. 我差点就给ETS写信, 问他是不是排版错了. 因为从印刷角度讲, 这个逗号是有可能被漏掉的. 但想了几天, 觉得确实不应该有逗号. 这里orbiting肯定非限制修饰前面的名词, 但如果加了逗号, 就变成伴随修饰句子了(注意orbiting在句尾.) 即便修饰句子也不对. 前面是主句套从句的结构, 伴随究竟伴随主句呢还是从句呢, 会有歧义的. 所以, 我认为前面有逗号的分词在为了避免歧义的情况下可以省略逗号依然表示非限制. 而且OG下面的解释(第4行)重复了stars orbiting这样一个结构, 所以证明排版是没错的.
3. 那分词和从句是否就没有区别了呢? 我觉得不是. 从句可以表示时态, 而分词不行. 但不是说从句表达了时态就一定优选. OG80解释里明确了要用从句, 而不是分词. 我觉得并不是因为分词有什么不对, 而是不能与后面的句子并列. 并列在GMAT里是很重要的.
that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
这个从句里因为没有宾语, 所以在civilizations后面不用补出谓语. 但如果后面补出谓语, 就是had. 所以flourished与had就平行了. at the same as前后平行还是很重要的.
怎么直接点第4页"阅读时发生错误"?
多了一个贴子, 现在好了. 要看上一版的最后一贴.
好问题! 实在是好问题啊!
1. 首先, 我认为分词表延续, 从句表一次性的观点是错的. OG223就充分反驳了这个观点. 分词单独出现的时候确实有延续的意思, 但OG没有在分词与从句两者比较的时候做出这样的解释.
2. jackychew问的实在好. 分词前有逗号做非限制修饰, 没有逗号做限制修饰, OG220充分说明了这一点. 但237的orbiting前面没有逗号困扰了我很久. 我差点就给ETS写信, 问他是不是排版错了. 因为从印刷角度讲, 这个逗号是有可能被漏掉的. 但想了几天, 觉得确实不应该有逗号. 这里orbiting肯定非限制修饰前面的名词, 但如果加了逗号, 就变成伴随修饰句子了(注意orbiting在句尾.) 即便修饰句子也不对. 前面是主句套从句的结构, 伴随究竟伴随主句呢还是从句呢, 会有歧义的. 所以, 我认为前面有逗号的分词在为了避免歧义的情况下可以省略逗号依然表示非限制. 而且OG下面的解释(第4行)重复了stars orbiting这样一个结构, 所以证明排版是没错的.
3. 那分词和从句是否就没有区别了呢? 我觉得不是. 从句可以表示时态, 而分词不行. 但不是说从句表达了时态就一定优选. OG80解释里明确了要用从句, 而不是分词. 我觉得并不是因为分词有什么不对, 而是不能与后面的句子并列. 并列在GMAT里是很重要的.
that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
这个从句里因为没有宾语, 所以在civilizations后面不用补出谓语. 但如果后面补出谓语, 就是had. 所以flourished与had就平行了. at the same as前后平行还是很重要的.
谢谢eyesonme、Avan和zcmm的回答。基本上就是这么个调了,看来看去,除了尊重ETS外,就是多总结、多融会贯通了,无它法。
again,牛角还是继续钻,毕竟分词和从句的修饰是重头。
zcmm的回答很深入,但把我又绕回去的是:划绿线部分无疑义(og最大),结合我们的理论,岂不是"Sth + 分词"的分词即可能限定修饰有可能非限定修饰了?(因为不可能出现“sth+ ,+分词做非限定修饰的情况!)——甚者,根据有据可查的og237,则作限定修饰的理解都要受到质疑了,否则不是歧义吗?请教zcmm。
zcmm, 我差点没认出来是自己! 你这个指代也太模糊了吧.
牛角该钻的时候就是要钻到底! 看是ETS的牛角尖还是我们的头尖!
越复习SC越发现GMAT-SC没有必优的表达, 总结的目的不是为了套所有的题目, 而是为了在比较哪个更优的时候有工具可比. 所以, 总结不是目的, 而是手段. ETS在SC部分强调的就是语言表达的有效性, 而有效的目的就是为了避免歧义. 如果硬是为了遵从规则而产生歧义, 岂不是本末倒置. 况且, 我们有"排除"这个利器, 复习的时候要从correctiveness到effectiveness多多操练, 不能只选正确了就好, 除了知道其他几个错在哪里, 还要体会错的次序.
我也一直提醒自己: 学习是没有捷径可走的, 就是反复, 反复, 再反复. 有很多抽象性的东西是很难用文字量化加以解释的. 所以要刻苦. 共勉!
强,回答了一个比SC的指代不清和时态还要高深的问题,谢谢理解。
那么,again,如不介意,zcmm(想用xy来二次指代,可是怕和携隐mm歧义)贴一下你认为的错误优先顺序,好吗?还有二十六天,能榨到别人一点儿油水是一点儿...
另外,RC-og-20中
Poliomyelitis, for example, emerged
as an epidemic in the
century; by then, modern sanitation was able to delay
exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at
which time polio infection produced paralysis.
这类的指代只要表达有效,连阅读中也是能行得通的
我竟然与携隐同一个指代啊. 看来首字母提炼法不管用了.
你又问了一个好问题! 关于排除的优先次序, 不是我不说, 其实我的感觉是各题的次序并不一样. 千万别以为我小气不肯说. 举个例子:
Q9:By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
A. their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
D. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges (E)
E. to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges
这题如果我以前看到, 上来就会把A去掉. 因为their明显跟company不一致. 但其实their是指two publising divisions. 因为前面出现可以被指代的其他东西, 靠单复数一致来排除就不对了. 但是单复数一致单独来讲是很有把握, 觉得应该排在前面的排除方法. 所以, 当我们把规则定死的时候, 就把自己变得很脆弱, 经不起ETS的诱惑. 排除的时候要把不确定的排除先放到一边, 而这不确定的排除是根据个题而定, 不能一概而论. 然后按照变化的次序排除. 我好象把它说的很复杂, 但其实我们就是要培养这种感觉, 直到做题的时候下意识的就这么想, 是一种本能.
收到。
其实,这两天开始做GWD,才发现无论SC、CR、RC,如果没有紧凑的速度和敏锐的判断的话,对我这种阅读能力一般的人来说,知识点的理解只是一个基础,要在有限的时间内做对题,的确需要的是一种正确的感觉、不断训练正确反应中培养的感觉。可惜,实在不愿意交超过2个月的时间给gmat,只好不囫囵吞枣而少吃点枣子了...
anyway,谢谢薰衣紫草和大家,继续啃枣子去了
35楼选A,对吗?
这里的a market ranging的ranging是限定还是非限定性修饰呢?
好像,现在眼前能看到的例子都在说明ing紧跟n.是非限定性修饰的嘛???
想了想,同意。明显已经脑力不支了。
好了,今天到就到这里吧,姐姐。从来没有一天发过这么多帖,谢谢zc的热心。
再无赖一个:知道天山的题目和答案哪里有下载吗?找了半天没找到。
时间不够的话, 去找携隐的无重复总结版, 把重复去掉后重新编辑成套, 包括GWD和天山所有的.
用她的名字到困境版搜索主题作者.
还有, 别叫姐姐, 很别扭.
好问题! 实在是好问题啊!
1. 首先, 我认为分词表延续, 从句表一次性的观点是错的. OG223就充分反驳了这个观点. 分词单独出现的时候确实有延续的意思, 但OG没有在分词与从句两者比较的时候做出这样的解释.
2. jackychew问的实在好. 分词前有逗号做非限制修饰, 没有逗号做限制修饰, OG220充分说明了这一点. 但237的orbiting前面没有逗号困扰了我很久. 我差点就给ETS写信, 问他是不是排版错了. 因为从印刷角度讲, 这个逗号是有可能被漏掉的. 但想了几天, 觉得确实不应该有逗号. 这里orbiting肯定非限制修饰前面的名词, 但如果加了逗号, 就变成伴随修饰句子了(注意orbiting在句尾.) 即便修饰句子也不对. 前面是主句套从句的结构, 伴随究竟伴随主句呢还是从句呢, 会有歧义的. 所以, 我认为前面有逗号的分词在为了避免歧义的情况下可以省略逗号依然表示非限制. 而且OG下面的解释(第4行)重复了stars orbiting这样一个结构, 所以证明排版是没错的.
3. 那分词和从句是否就没有区别了呢? 我觉得不是. 从句可以表示时态, 而分词不行. 但不是说从句表达了时态就一定优选. OG80解释里明确了要用从句, 而不是分词. 我觉得并不是因为分词有什么不对, 而是不能与后面的句子并列. 并列在GMAT里是很重要的.
that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
这个从句里因为没有宾语, 所以在civilizations后面不用补出谓语. 但如果后面补出谓语, 就是had. 所以flourished与had就平行了. at the same as前后平行还是很重要的.
不同意,
OG223 里面majoring不正确,作为student的major不应该是延续性的动作
至少我在国外这几年和外国人交流的应验看,外国人没有人以为这是一个延续性动作
OG220, 我不太明白,限制非限制很重要么?为什么要明白呢?请指教。何况220本身份次前置,怎么看出分词前面是否有逗号呢?
OG237, orbiting同时描述interaction,不可以有逗号
对于第3点,我保留意见,因为现在没有很多时间仔细考虑
偶再来说两句
1。一般GMAT里好象不太出现分词来非限制修饰前面名词的情况,也就是前面有逗号的分词,如同Avantasia说的,99%是修饰前面的动作
2。对于第3点我想 区别肯定是有的,而且还是很大滴
在GMAT里 我想,最主要的就是明确 分词在句子中到底是做状语还是做定语
从句只修饰名词,分词可以做定语修饰名词,也可以做伴随状语修饰前面的谓语
OG253是个经典的例子,说它经典是因为它意思简单,结构清晰
所以这里面ETS就设置了无数的陷阱,我把它硬性分开来其实是不太合适的,因为我们做题目的时候首先要作的就是区分,而ETS最麻烦的陷阱就是不让我们轻易的看清楚。
在同样修饰名词的时候,经常有这样的陷阱(我认为这样的时候比较难)
1。 其实没什么区别,但5个选项里3个从句,2个分词 让你花时间想到底是哪个。但最后发现考点不在这里 比如OG80和大全762 2个题目很象
2。用从句修饰中经常设置主谓一致等情形,而用分词可以避免掉这些东西,因此可以来判断正误。
3。分词比从句简洁,从句比分词清晰,因此如果这个划线修饰部分前面出现有N个(N≥2)名词时,就应尽量用从句。 OG1
而当分词做伴随的时候,经常这样
1。3个which 2个分词,这个很显然,马上就可以排除3个,这里唯一要值得我们注意的就是要辨别它到底是做伴随还是做定语。
比如那个likening 给希腊雕象涂口红就是,如果知道了后面的不是修饰前面的art,那答案一下就出来了。
2。就是这个帖子前面讲的反向考法, 看看两件事情是不是有内在联系,有就用分词伴随,没有就用and。 这个考起来有点难 GWD里好象很多,而且有的很隐蔽。
3。and,ving, which, with 大杂烩。with真的很搞>_<
4。有逗号的分词和没逗号的分词混淆。目前只找到1题OG178 而且也从侧面说明了定状之分。
说了这么多不知有没有说清楚,只想让XDJM总结的时候看到这个能碰撞出点火花,产生自己的总结思路。
欢迎NN们拍砖
那我就不客气真的拍了(不是NN), 反正手头有块冰砖.
1. , 分词做非限制修饰的比比皆是. 关键看他在句尾还是句中. 如果在句中, 那就是非限制修饰(OG258), 但要注意, 如果句中的非限制分词有一个句子跟在后面, 那就有歧义的, 因为搞不清是修饰后面的句子还是前面的名词. 所以这时候要用从句. 如果 ,分词在句尾, 那就99%修饰前面的动作.
2. "分词比从句简洁,从句比分词清晰,因此如果这个划线修饰部分前面出现有N个(N≥2)名词时,就应尽量用从句。 OG1"
这个观点我持保留意见, OG178就是一个反例. 我认为从句的先行词存在跳跃修饰的可能性, 虽然that的跳跃基本局限于a of b结构, 但分词不存在跳跃修饰, 大多直接修饰前面的名词. 所以分词与从句的使用并不取决于前面名词的多少, 而是修饰的可行性.
今天就拍到这里, 冰砖吃多了, 对肠胃不好.
1。欢迎改正,应该这样说才比较严密
第2个么,我想前半句没什么问题吧, 后半句我也忘了有什么例题,我当时是这么总结的。待我看看先~:)
正好看到一个例子:GWD-6-8
Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth
and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the
foreseeable future.
答案是A。我对A中viewing的修饰有疑问。我认为有歧义。viewing是修饰financial experts 还是policy makers,还是Federal Reserve?不明确。
我竟然与携隐同一个指代啊. 看来首字母提炼法不管用了.
你又问了一个好问题! 关于排除的优先次序, 不是我不说, 其实我的感觉是各题的次序并不一样. 千万别以为我小气不肯说. 举个例子:
Q9:By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
A. their share of the country’s $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
D. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges (E)
E. to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country’s $21 billion book market, which ranges
这题如果我以前看到, 上来就会把A去掉. 因为their明显跟company不一致. 但其实their是指two publising divisions. 因为前面出现可以被指代的其他东西, 靠单复数一致来排除就不对了. 但是单复数一致单独来讲是很有把握, 觉得应该排在前面的排除方法. 所以, 当我们把规则定死的时候, 就把自己变得很脆弱, 经不起ETS的诱惑. 排除的时候要把不确定的排除先放到一边, 而这不确定的排除是根据个题而定, 不能一概而论. 然后按照变化的次序排除. 我好象把它说的很复杂, 但其实我们就是要培养这种感觉, 直到做题的时候下意识的就这么想, 是一种本能.
此题的答案应该是E,但我对B的错误不能很明确的说出,请大家帮忙说说啊,谢谢!!
对于楼上的同学的问题,我觉得如果有歧义的话五个选项都有了,所以相对而言就选A,偶知道这个回答肯定不行,无奈水平有限,汗。。。。。。期待大家讨论指点
to crystalno_1 mm
我认为(B)选项主要错误点在于in the country和which ranges的修饰歧义
首先, “in the country”可能有两个解读
(1) its (the company’s) share of ….in the country
这公司在这个国家的市占率(总市值$21 billions)
或
(2) …the $21 billion book market in the country
这个国家的书市场 (总市场$21 billions).
第(2)显然才是要本题要表达的意思, 为了清晰性, 改成 the country’s $21 billion book market (E选项)
另外, “ which ranges” , 动词单数可以修饰book market或 country (不考虑its share太远了), 因此不够清楚, 改成(E)选项market, which ranges…较(B)清楚
to熏衣紫草 mm
我一直再困扰OG 237 that orbit 和 orbiting的解释, 谢谢妳的分享, 但是妳提到” 所以, 我认为前面有逗号的分词在为了避免歧义的情况下可以省略逗号依然表示非限制.”
这点是否需要检视符不符合正统英文文法的对于限制和非限制的定义呢?
根据文法书的定义 (我参考Cambridge English Grammar in Use和旋元佑文法)都同时提到非限制从句/定语前面需要逗点, 而非限制则不用。
我看之前OG 237的讨论中,
LES认为that orbit 和 orbiting都是表限制, 只是强调的方向不同, orbit (分词)强调动作à泛指, 而that orbit (that从句) 强调一次性à特指
但我也不清楚这样的说法, 是否有正统文法书上的映正, 还是归纳考题出来
另外, tainwan现在分词和定语从句的限制性用法应该是一样的,都有限制作用。现在分词修饰语和定语从句的区别是现在分词修饰语没有时态含义,而定语从句有时态含义。可能OG关于C的这个歧义的论述不是基于单纯的限制性修饰,而是基于between+限制性修饰
我猜想之前讨论的结论是: 针对OG 237, ETS解释太过牵强!!
毕竟OG112, 126…等都同时出现that从句和分词同时出现在答案的选项, 但这些题都没有针对这两者的差异做出解释
想请教妳的意见
此外, 如果妳愿意写信给ETS, 那就更好了
Sorry, 才刚刚回了文, 马上看到Cambridge文法Unit 96中有说明, -ing和-ed clause的用法
以下po出原文给大家参考:
B. We use –ing clauses to say what somebody (or something) is doing (or was doing) at a particular time.
强调正在进行动作
C. When you are talking about things (and sometimes people), you can use an –ing clause to say what something does all the time, not just at a particular time. For example:
强调 all the time的一般性, 非一次性
以上可知
OG 237 (C)的解释: 是说明(E)使用orbiting, 强调事件的一般性(泛指), 不能使用(C)that+S+V..指特定的两颗星星
Also, the phrase two stars that orbit each other illogically suggests that there are two particular stars causing all the phenomena in question, rather than various sets of stars in various locations.
前一封中LES前辈的归纳, 应是正确的。OG 237的解释也是正确的
to crystalno_1 mm
我认为(B)选项主要错误点在于in the country和which ranges的修饰歧义
首先, “in the country”可能有两个解读
(1) its (the company’s) share of ….in the country
这公司在这个国家的市占率(总市值$21 billions)
或
(2) …the $21 billion book market in the country
这个国家的书市场 (总市场$21 billions).
第(2)显然才是要本题要表达的意思, 为了清晰性, 改成 the country’s $21 billion book market (E选项)
另外, “ which ranges” , 动词单数可以修饰book market或 country (不考虑its share太远了), 因此不够清楚, 改成(E)选项market, which ranges…较(B)清楚
to熏衣紫草 mm
我一直再困扰OG 237 that orbit 和 orbiting的解释, 谢谢妳的分享, 但是妳提到” 所以, 我认为前面有逗号的分词在为了避免歧义的情况下可以省略逗号依然表示非限制.”
这点是否需要检视符不符合正统英文文法的对于限制和非限制的定义呢?
根据文法书的定义 (我参考Cambridge English Grammar in Use和旋元佑文法)都同时提到非限制从句/定语前面需要逗点, 而非限制则不用。
我看之前OG 237的讨论中,
LES认为that orbit 和 orbiting都是表限制, 只是强调的方向不同, orbit (分词)强调动作à泛指, 而that orbit (that从句) 强调一次性à特指
但我也不清楚这样的说法, 是否有正统文法书上的映正, 还是归纳考题出来
另外, tainwan现在分词和定语从句的限制性用法应该是一样的,都有限制作用。现在分词修饰语和定语从句的区别是现在分词修饰语没有时态含义,而定语从句有时态含义。可能OG关于C的这个歧义的论述不是基于单纯的限制性修饰,而是基于between+限制性修饰
我猜想之前讨论的结论是: 针对OG 237, ETS解释太过牵强!!
毕竟OG112, 126…等都同时出现that从句和分词同时出现在答案的选项, 但这些题都没有针对这两者的差异做出解释
想请教妳的意见
此外, 如果妳愿意写信给ETS, 那就更好了
谢谢MM你的解释哦,偶想了想,很正确呢,我一直没考虑到COUNTRY也会有歧义,关于OG237,我觉得你的解释是很有道理的,有书为证嘛,呵呵,看来这道题终于可以有个正确的说法拉,高兴ING.......
正确选项是E。
又想不通了!nuclear fusion: 核子融合-这是一个过程;atomic reactor:原子反应炉-这是一个设备。用unlike连接的两个部分应对称,这两个东东对称吗?到底对称是什么概念?
C Correct. Rather than is a correct idiom for comparison in this sentene; as is followed by a clause with a subject, nuclear reactors, and a verb, do; the comparison is clear and complete.
E Illogical and awkward construction incorrectly makes merges the second verb of the restrictive clause and a separate action parallel to powers; comparison is awkwardly drawn; switch from nuclear to atomic is unexplained and unsupported
The correct answer is C
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
对这道题我有不同想法:分词短语做状语不仅可以表伴随,还可以表原因。我感觉此题的分词短语merging...作状语表原因修饰谓语is的,即:Nuclear fusion是通过...的方式来产生force的。
只是,C选项的表达引起了歧义:merging..这个动作成了后面nuclear reactors的行为了。所以此题也只能选E。但如果题目中没有as后面的部分话,我觉得还是用分词短语比and句子好。
请大家继续讨论!
那我就不客气真的拍了(不是NN), 反正手头有块冰砖.
1. , 分词做非限制修饰的比比皆是. 关键看他在句尾还是句中. 如果在句中, 那就是非限制修饰(OG258), 但要注意, 如果句中的非限制分词有一个句子跟在后面, 那就有歧义的, 因为搞不清是修饰后面的句子还是前面的名词. 所以这时候要用从句. 如果 ,分词在句尾, 那就99%修饰前面的动作.
2. "分词比从句简洁,从句比分词清晰,因此如果这个划线修饰部分前面出现有N个(N≥2)名词时,就应尽量用从句。 OG1"
这个观点我持保留意见, OG178就是一个反例. 我认为从句的先行词存在跳跃修饰的可能性, 虽然that的跳跃基本局限于a of b结构, 但分词不存在跳跃修饰, 大多直接修饰前面的名词. 所以分词与从句的使用并不取决于前面名词的多少, 而是修饰的可行性.
今天就拍到这里, 冰砖吃多了, 对肠胃不好.
大牛已经满载而归,可是我发现一个让我困惑的问题,请其他牛牛帮忙回答。
上文的红色背景部分,和我记忆中的恰好相反。我记得是分词可以跳跃修饰,“,which”从句不可以,来源于OG229的答案。非常困惑,敬请指教!谢谢!
上文的红色背景部分,和我记忆中的恰好相反。我记得是分词可以跳跃修饰,“,which”从句不可以,来源于OG229的答案。非常困惑,敬请指教!谢谢!
分词不跳跃修饰是指不作状语的时候。做状语时分词的修饰都是跳跃的。
我的理解,供参考
OG 11TH
104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do (C)
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
同大全541
And not is an awkward way to establish a contrast; instead of, rather than, or unlike are more appropriate idioms to express a contrast. the comma folloing bombs is paired with the comma following apart, and this comma parir sets off the participial phrase introduced by merging. As introduces a clause; since a clause requires a subject and a verb, as cannot be followed by the prepositional phrase in nuclear reactors.
C) correct. rather than is a correct idiom for comparison in this sentence; as is followed by a clause with a subject, nuclear reactors, and a verb, do; the comparison is clear and complete.
E)illogical and awkward construction incorrectly makes merges the second verb of the restrictive clause and a separate action parallel to powers; comparison is awkwardly drawn; switch from nuclear to atomic is unexplained and unsupported.
贴是好贴,但例子没举对,我原先也“掉坑”选C了
這篇寫得真精采
以前一直弄不懂的地方
現在都豁然開朗了
此题从另一个角度来考虑更好。merge是和power并列的动词,都做that从句中的谓语。因为从逻辑上讲,显然是force能发出power和merge的动作,根本谈不上和is的并列或什么伴随状语的问题。
楼主的归纳不错,可惜举的例子不很恰当哟。
本人拙见,欢迎批评指正。
现在分词在句首,逻辑主语应该是主句主语。 印象中xdf老师是这样说的,那么与OG一致的,begin不可能是主语是England,所以不对。
看了上面的例子,对楼主的崇拜,无以复加。希望楼主和各位同学指正。
那我就不客气真的拍了(不是NN), 反正手头有块冰砖.
1. , 分词做非限制修饰的比比皆是. 关键看他在句尾还是句中. 如果在句中, 那就是非限制修饰(OG258), 但要注意, 如果句中的非限制分词有一个句子跟在后面, 那就有歧义的, 因为搞不清是修饰后面的句子还是前面的名词. 所以这时候要用从句. 如果 ,分词在句尾, 那就99%修饰前面的动作.
2. "分词比从句简洁,从句比分词清晰,因此如果这个划线修饰部分前面出现有N个(N≥2)名词时,就应尽量用从句。 OG1"
这个观点我持保留意见, OG178就是一个反例. 我认为从句的先行词存在跳跃修饰的可能性, 虽然that的跳跃基本局限于a of b结构, 但分词不存在跳跃修饰, 大多直接修饰前面的名词. 所以分词与从句的使用并不取决于前面名词的多少, 而是修饰的可行性.
刚刚注意到上述关于句中的现在分词可能存在的修饰问题,因为以前从未听说过的这一语法现象,在下对比了几位nn的有关说法。只有在山峰的笔记给出了一个例子Og179,对此OG解释中说法是:D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Americans. 从这句话来看OG认为现在分词是在修饰前面的紧前先行词(这是正常的gmat规则),这显然跟现在分词的逻辑主语native americans不一致,所以这里不能用现在分词。但这是否意味着从语法上现在分词还能够修饰其他句子成分呢?我觉得上述分析中排除现在分词的真实原因是现在分词修饰的成分和其逻辑主语不一致,而不是因为现在分词修饰对象存在歧义。og说的AT FIRST,LONGMAN的解释如下:
at first:used to talk about the beginning of a situation, especially when it is different now
At first, Gregory was shy and hardly spoke. I felt quite disappointed at first.
OG的解释好像是在说分词开始是在修饰先行词,后来是在修饰其他成分。但我们可不可以这样理解og的意思呢:从语法上现在分词应该修饰先行词,但这里逻辑上却又要求它修饰句子主语而不是先行词呢?如果这种理解正确的话,从本题中我们不能‘非限制修饰(OG258), 但要注意, 如果句中的非限制分词有一个句子跟在后, 那就有歧义的, 因为搞不清是修饰后面的句子还是前面的名词’这一结论。不知紫草mm或其他NN还有没有其他例子能证明上述说法?
板砖、冰砖一并欢迎.....
OG179.
During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as “wilderness” by the newcomers, Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.
(A) Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of
(B) Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of
(C) Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue
(D) having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped the rescue of(C)
(E) knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue
Choice A suffers from the wordy and indirect expression were a help in the rescuing of. B creates an awkward, redundant, fused sentence in which the first clause has to be repeated in the vague this of the second clause; furthermore, the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is omitted. D and E are confusingly worded because they begin with present participles (having and knowing) that appear at first to refer to the immediately preceding noun, newcomers, rather than to Native Americans. D also has the wordy and unidiomatic helped the rescue of. Clear, direct, and economical, choice C is best.
现在分词伴随状语的正反向考法
总论
GMAT语法中常常考查前一个分句的整体对后面一个对象的作用结果,一般认可的正确答案是使用现在分词做伴随状语。另外还有一种应用情况是,两个动作同时发生。在平时的语法中,我们常常使用连词and来连接两个动作,可是在GMAT语法中常常使用伴随状语。老鱼在它的讲座里举的一个例子就是:
She is sitting on the tree and reading a book. (一般语法)
She is sitting on the tree, reading a book.(GMAT语法)
所以我们在以下两个情况下要使用伴随状语
1、
前一个分句的整体对后面某一个对象的作用
2、
两个同时发生的动作
一、正向考法
正向考法就是要你识别出前一个分句是从整体上对后一个分句的宾语发生作用。例如:
He scored 100, making him the best student.
这里的making动作的逻辑主语就是前一个分句的整体。既不是前分句的主语也不是前分句的宾语,所以只可以使用伴随状语。
这样的正向考题非常非常多,ETS给出的干扰选项也非常有规律。
1、
which引导的非限制性定语从句
一般语法中可以使用which指代前面的整个分句,而GMAT语法中不允许。这个选项的干扰性最强。
2、
不定式
考生常常会忽略不定式的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语,所以也有干扰性。不过在GMAT里,似乎没有看到过逗号以后使用不定式仍然是正确答案的先例(平行对称结构除外)。
3、
介词宾语结构
介词宾语结构不如不定式,如果不是固定搭配最好不要用。
二、反向考法之
既然一个考点可以正向考,如果不反向也考一考就没有难度了。反向的考法是,当前一个分句本来没有对后一个分句的宾语造成任何作用,题目却不断地引诱你去这样做。例如:
He went into the classroom and sit on the chair.(逻辑上很合理,只有进了教室才可以坐在椅子上)
ETS的干扰选项:He went into the classroom, sitting on the chair.(逻辑上就很荒谬了,在进教室这个动作发生的时候,他一直坐在椅子上)
He scored 100 in the 1st test and scored 99 in the 2nd test.(逻辑上很合理)
ETS的干扰选项:He scored 100 in the 1st test, scoring 99 in the 2nd test.(逻辑上很荒谬,第一次考了100导致第二次考99)
来一个实际中的例子,新东方补充教材新版本204题:
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
这道题是og11上的104题,og上选的是C,这是这么回事?那个nn出来看看
dancingforum的考虑是有道理的,不过我在做完了所有的题目后发现ETS的出题风格非常有规律性。它考的是GMAT语法,不是英语语法。所以它正确的答案只有那么几种,错误只有那么几种,连思路都只有那么几种。ETS最牛的地方就在于,即使我知道它所有的考点,我仍然会做错很多的题目。你根本不需要考虑什么方式状语不方式状语,ETS在设计GMAT的时候只考查伴随状语和非伴随状语在逻辑上的区别。要不然GMAT就成了英语考试,考英语能力和记忆力。而事实上,GMAT是能力考试,考的就是那么固定的几种语法知识和逻辑思路。逻辑思路才是真正的重点。在这个考点上,你记住上面的总结就可以了。ETS不会再有任何例外。
从逻辑上如果理解为方式状语的话,也讲不通。翻译如下:
“通过连接***这样的方式,nuclear fusion是一个什么什么东西。”(显然不对劲)
再转达新东方老师上课讲的一句话:GMAT不是在考英语,而是在考能力。
分词独立结构的正反向考法我有空再总结,5月10号就考了。
这位大哥,我把merging。。。作为定语修饰nuclear,可不可以?
这道题是og11上的104题,og上选的是C,这是这么回事?那个nn出来看看
这题的正确答案是c,以前大全、xdf都有这道题,答案是错的。og11出来后,大全里也相应出现了几个错误答案,具体题号我忘了。呵呵,我也认为,gmat的要义在于有效表达,避免歧义,而不在于语法的牛角尖。看熟练了,就顺了
怎莫以前的NN们的答案和OG11的总有不一样的,关键是以前的解释看起来还挺有道理,但是OG更权威。看样子还是得在OG上把功夫练到家,在到江湖上行走啊。
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
这个题目明确地说弄错了,OG11 104th 原题 答案是C
之所以不用 and merges 是因为这样会产生 that powers .... , and merges 的结构 从而产生歧义
文章本意是说 merge 的主语是Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
这个题目明确地说弄错了,OG11 104th 原题 答案是C
之所以不用 and merges 是因为这样会产生 that powers .... , and merges 的结构 从而产生歧义
文章本意是说 merge 的主语是Nuclear fusion
答案是C没错,但是我不认为会产生that powers...,and merges的歧义。 如果在and之前没有逗号,那么可能会造成powers和merges的并列,但是这里有了一个逗号之后,即使你想让这两个动词并列,也得用that powers..., and that merges。 这里的that不能省略。
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
这个题的中文意思就是说“核聚变是一种力量,这种力量能够给太阳,星星和氢弹提供动力,......”如果答案在DE中选择的话,下面的翻译就应该是“这种力量把原子核融合在一起而不是把他们分开....."这里就出现错误了,因为核聚变就是原子核融合在一起发生的,而不是核聚变促使原子核在一起。
所以这里merge应该用分词表伴随,来形容和解释核聚变。所以答案选C
我没用看到OG11关于这个题的解释,恳请NN指正
彻底糊涂了。。。。
我的OG11上的答案是C。。。 XDF的补充材料答案是E。。。这里有人说C有人说E。。。。
自己选的是C,同意5楼的看法,举个例子
Studying in ABC high school, she is a high school student.
应该是对的吧?
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
这个题的中文意思就是说“核聚变是一种力量,这种力量能够给太阳,星星和氢弹提供动力,......”如果答案在DE中选择的话,下面的翻译就应该是“这种力量把原子核融合在一起而不是把他们分开....."这里就出现错误了,因为核聚变就是原子核融合在一起发生的,而不是核聚变促使原子核在一起。
所以这里merge应该用分词表伴随,来形容和解释核聚变。所以答案选C
我没用看到OG11关于这个题的解释,恳请NN指正
根据白勇:-ing分词短语在句尾: 作伴随结果状语或者伴随动作状语;作伴随结果状语时没有逻辑主语,作伴随动作状语时逻辑主语等于主句的主语.从逻辑意义上,此题应作伴随结果状语. "核聚变是将原子融合而非分离"作为".核聚变由太阳,星星及氢弹的压力而形成的能量"的伴随结果.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------来一个实际中的例子,新东方补充教材新版本204题:
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
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从语法点上看, 分词的主要功能就是做形容词修饰名词或代词,我不觉得应该把merging看成和 is 并列构成伴随状语(版主用来排除ABC的主要依据),这题为什么不可以 将 merging 看成是修饰主句的主语 fusion 呢, 如果我们把语序稍微调整一下, 变成:
Merging the ....., nuclear fusion is a force that ......
把merging看成方式状语, 觉得有什么问题呢?
一直觉得分词做状语在GMAT里挺浑人的,但我手边没有语法书, 能不能请版主把分词的用法给来个详细的, 全面的总结. 谢谢了
另外, 这题到底是 的 D 还是 E 呀, 给我自己选, 我肯定象版主说的,掉坑里,选个 C 了, 呵呵
这道题目再og11-104种的答案是C不是E OR D
解释如下:
C rather than is a correct idiom for comparion in this sentence; as is followed by a clause with a subject, nuclear reactors, and a verb, do; the comparison is clear and complete.
D Illogical and awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the restrictive clause paralled to powers and does not split; punctuation makes clear this separate action can not be the case;as is done is awkard and wordy
E Illogical and awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the restrictive clause paralled to powers and does not split; punctuation makes clear this separate action can not be the case;as is done is awkard and wordy; comparision is awkardly drawn; switch from unclear to atomic is unexplained and unsupported
本来看了lz的解释恍然开朗,在一看og的选向,彻底迷糊了。。。可是这可是og11版的解释和答案,应该不会有错吧。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------来一个实际中的例子,新东方补充教材新版本204题:
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
很明显,is这个动作和merge这个动作不可能是同时发生的,也不可能是前一个句子的整体导致后面动作的发生,所以使用merge就错了。大家可以注意到,ABC三个选项都在引诱你使用伴随状语,这就是ETS的险恶用心。所以答案必须在DE中筛选。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
从语法点上看, 分词的主要功能就是做形容词修饰名词或代词,我不觉得应该把merging看成和 is 并列构成伴随状语(版主用来排除ABC的主要依据),这题为什么不可以 将 merging 看成是修饰主句的主语 fusion 呢, 如果我们把语序稍微调整一下, 变成:
Merging the ....., nuclear fusion is a force that ......
把merging看成方式状语, 觉得有什么问题呢?
一直觉得分词做状语在GMAT里挺浑人的,但我手边没有语法书, 能不能请版主把分词的用法给来个详细的, 全面的总结. 谢谢了
另外, 这题到底是 的 D 还是 E 呀, 给我自己选, 我肯定象版主说的,掉坑里,选个 C 了, 呵呵
这道题目再og11-104种的答案是C不是E OR D
解释如下:
C rather than is a correct idiom for comparion in this sentence; as is followed by a clause with a subject, nuclear reactors, and a verb, do; the comparison is clear and complete.
D Illogical and awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the restrictive clause paralled to powers and does not split; punctuation makes clear this separate action can not be the case;as is done is awkard and wordy
E Illogical and awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the restrictive clause paralled to powers and does not split; punctuation makes clear this separate action can not be the case;as is done is awkard and wordy; comparision is awkardly drawn; switch from unclear to atomic is unexplained and unsupported
本来看了lz的解释恍然开朗,在一看og的选向,彻底迷糊了。。。可是这可是og11版的解释和答案,应该不会有错吧。
OG11-- 104不是这道题啊? 彻底晕了!!!
还是觉得应该以OG为准吧
估计出题的人自己也没有考虑到两个过程是不是同时发生的这样一个问题,从语感角度而言我也会选c:)
一家之言,仅供参考
同意楼上的,以OG11为准吧。。。
zhen bang!
104.
Nuclear
fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging
the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them
apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them
apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them
apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them
apart, as is done in nuclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors
that split them apart
Idiom + Logical predication
And not is an awkward way to establish a contrast; instead
of rather than, or unlike are more appropriate idioms to express a
contrast.
The comma following bombs is paired with the comma
following apart, and this comma pair sets off the participial phrase
introduced by merging.
As introduces a clause; since a clause requires a
subject and a verb, as cannot be followed by the prepositional phrase in
nuclear reactors.
A And not is not
a correct idiom; as should be followed by a clause
B Although like
can grammatically be followed by a noun phrase such as nuclear reactors,
here the basis of comparison is unclear, and the usage is incorrect
C Correct. Rather than is a correct
idiom for comparison in this sentence; as is followed by a clause with a
subject, nuclear reactors, and a verb, do; the comparison is
clear and complete.
D Illogical and
awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the
restrictive clause parallel to powers and does not split-, punctuation
makes clear this separate action cannot be the case; as is done is
awkward and wordy
E Illogical and
awkward construction incorrectly makes merges the second verb of the
restrictive clause and a separate action parallel to powers; comparison
is awkwardly drawn; switch from nuclear to atomic is unexplained and
unsupported
换个思路
如果用D或者E: and merges将在that引导的限定从句中修饰force,而非Nuclear fusion。而本句的意图是比较Nuclear fusion和Nuclear reactors(force和Nuclear reactor比较是不合逻辑的),因此merge的动作发生者应该是Nuclear fusion. 为了避免歧义,不能用and的连接。
看了这么好的帖子而不留名太没人性了,赞一下前辈们!
104.
Nuclear
fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging
the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not
splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead
of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather
than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but
does not split them apart, as is done in nuclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms,
unlike atomic reactors that split them apart
Idiom + Logical predication
And not is
an awkward way to establish a contrast; instead of rather than, or unlike
are more appropriate idioms to express a contrast.
The comma following bombs is paired
with the comma following apart, and this comma pair sets off the
participial phrase introduced by merging.
As introduces
a clause; since a clause requires a subject and a verb, as cannot be
followed by the prepositional phrase in nuclear reactors.
A And
not is not a correct idiom; as should be followed by a clause
B Although
like can grammatically be followed by a noun phrase such as nuclear
reactors, here the basis of comparison is unclear, and the usage is
incorrect
C Correct. Rather than is a
correct idiom for comparison in this sentence; as is followed by a
clause with a subject, nuclear reactors, and a verb, do; the
comparison is clear and complete.
D Illogical
and awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the
restrictive clause parallel to powers and does not split-, punctuation
makes clear this separate action cannot be the case; as is done is
awkward and wordy
E Illogical
and awkward construction incorrectly makes merges the second verb of the
restrictive clause and a separate action parallel to powers; comparison
is awkwardly drawn; switch from nuclear to atomic is unexplained and
unsupported
The correct answer is C.
这道题前面引用的是说答案是D或者E,但是这里OG11里面是C啊. 我感觉不出D,E的错误在哪里
最后那个例子没选好,不过基本思路绝对正确。瑕不掩瑜。
楼主这种总结的方法和思路更是值得学习总结
方式状语那个解释说得好,一下就让我明白了这种用法。那么这题的话merge那个状语改成同位语放在句首修饰就没错了吧。
其实这题考点只是一个句子歧义问题,只有E没有歧义。
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