标题: 分词修饰 [打印本页] 作者: lenglengad 时间: 2010-1-18 12:40 标题: 分词修饰 A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. The term verbal indicates that a participle, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since they function as adjectives, participles modify nouns or pronouns. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing. Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n, as in the words asked, eaten, saved, dealt, and seen.
The crying baby had a wet diaper.
Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car.
The burning log fell off the fire.
Smiling, she hugged the panting dog.
A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the participle, such as:
Children introduced tomusicearly develop strong intellectual skills.
The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying children. introduced (to) (participle) music (direct object of action expressed in participle) early (adverb)
Having beena gymnast, Lynn knew the importance of exercise.
The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying Lynn. Having been (participle) a gymnast (subject complement for Lynn, via state of being expressed in participle)
Placement: In order to prevent confusion, a participial phrase must be placed as close to the noun it modifies as possible, and the noun must be clearly stated.
Carrying a heavy pile of books, his foot caught on a step. *
Carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his foot on a step.
In the first sentence there is no clear indication of who or what is performing the action expressed in the participle carrying. Certainly foot can't be logically understood to function in this way. This situation is an example of a dangling modifier error since the modifier (the participial phrase) is not modifying any specific noun in the sentence and is thus left "dangling." Since a person must be doing the carrying for the sentence to make sense, a noun or pronoun that refers to a person must be in the place immediately after the participial phrase, as in the second sentence.
Punctuation: When a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma should be placed after the phrase.
Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed.
Washing and polishing the car, Frank developed sore muscles.
If the participle or participial phrase comes in the middle of a sentence, it should be set off with commas only if the information is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of sleep.
The church, destroyed by a fire, was never rebuilt.
Note that if the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no commas should be used:
The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award.
The guy wearing the chicken costume is my cousin.
If a participial phrase comes at the end of a sentence, a comma usually precedes the phrase if it modifies an earlier word in the sentence but not if the phrase directly follows the word it modifies.
The local residents often saw Ken wandering through the streets. (The phrase modifies Ken, not residents.)
Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence. (The phrase modifies Tom, not woman.)
Points to remember
A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present) or -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (past) that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.
A participial phrase consists of a participle plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
Participles and participial phrases must be placed as close to the nouns or pronouns they modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns must be clearly stated.
A participial phrase is set off with commas when it:
a) comes at the beginning of a sentence
b) interrupts a sentence as a nonessential element
c) comes at the end of a sentence and is separated from the word it modifies.
另：未发现原内容针对GMAT 仅供参考 加深理解 观者自酌作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2010-1-18 17:20
感谢lenglengad有心整理!作者: ageng 时间: 2010-1-18 23:50
分词统统作为adj.修饰n. 那就不用那么费劲区分：现在分词or过去分词，定语or状语，表伴随or结果。。。。 跟以前很多总结不同。。。恩关注一下。。。作者: balletangel 时间: 2010-1-21 15:34
请问楼上的几位xdjm:OG12-SC-105 105. Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world. (A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, (B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter (C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter (D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations (E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and 这道题的A,B项的分词结构，查了很多帖子，觉得并没有找到满意的答案，很多帖子里说B中的分词即可以修饰前面的illustrations,又可以修饰主语，所以产生了歧义，我觉得非常疑惑，一般这样独立的现在分词修饰成分不是修饰句子主语的么？可以帮忙解释一下么？作者: 两极 时间: 2010-1-22 13:45 标题: 好贴~！ lenglengad解释的真好，我想这个问题想了很多年，多谢~！作者: 上官 时间: 2010-1-23 01:24
顶~~~ 被分词的修饰对象的问题困扰很久了，先收藏了再慢慢研究~~ 谢谢~~作者: karateguy 时间: 2010-2-15 12:31 标题: Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car. Question: Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car. 这个用法中，为什么是shaken,而不是shaking, shake这个动作不应该是主动的吗？作者: 瑶瑶乐 时间: 2019-9-5 05:45
感谢分享！