标题: 关于prep 2--43 分词修饰的疑惑 [打印本页] 作者: 葵之夏影 时间: 2010-1-17 10:39 标题: 关于prep 2--43 分词修饰的疑惑 Although ice particles in the upper atmosphere benefit Earth in that they reflect and absorb solar radiation, acting as a global thermostat and thus keeping Earth from either burning up or freezing over, they also accelerate the destruction of the ozone layer by reacting with chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's). A. acting as a global thermostat and thus keeping Earth from either burning up or freezing over, they also accelerate B. acting as a global thermostat and thus keeping Earth either from burning up or freezing over, while also accelerating C. act as a global thermostat and thus keep Earth from either burning up or freezing over, while also accelerating D. they act as a global thermostat that thus keeps Earth either from burning up or freezing over, even though it also accelerates E. they act as a global thermostat to thus keep Earth from either burning up or freezing over, but they also accelerate 答案选择A 这个没有疑惑
可是对acting as a global thermostat and thus keeping Earth from either burning up or freezing over
作用有疑惑 按照题目含义理解 应该是作为状语成分 修饰前句they reflect and absorb solar radiation
The Chicago and Calumet Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by constructing canals so that the water now empties into the Mississippi by way of the Illinois River.
(A) Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by constructing (B) Rivers had originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but they have been redirected by constructing (C) Rivers, which originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan but have been redirected by the construction of (D) Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by the construction of (E) Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, have been redirected through the construction of
OA is E作者: tibet 时间: 2010-1-17 19:00
LZ累了我半天啊，算是找到了
Punctuation: When a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma should be placed after the phrase.
Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed. Washing and polishing the car, Frank developed sore muscles. If the participle or participial phrase comes in the middle of a sentence, it should be set off with commas only if the information is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of sleep. The church, destroyed by a fire, was never rebuilt. Note that if the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no commas should be used:
The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award. The guy wearing the chicken costume is my cousin. If a participial phrase comes at the end of a sentence, a comma usually precedes the phrase if it modifies an earlier word in the sentence but not if the phrase directly follows the word it modifies.
The local residents often saw Ken wandering through the streets. (The phrase modifies Ken, not residents.) Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence. (The phrase modifies Tom, not woman.)作者: tibet 时间: 2010-1-17 19:04
所以我认为PREP的解释也有点问题哦 不知道英语分状语和定语不，还是都叫modifier
反正带逗号时候，把现在分词短语看作定语，太牵强了。如果不带逗号，你说是定语，那有点意思作者: tibet 时间: 2010-1-17 19:05
Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of sleep. The guy wearing the chicken costume is my cousin. 这两个例句经典啊作者: tibet 时间: 2010-1-17 19:14
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/02/ 看链接里面关于分词讲解 Participles Summary: This handout provides a detailed overview (including descriptions and examples) of gerunds, participles, and infinitives. Contributorsurdue OWL Last Edited: 2010-01-08 12:04:39 A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. The term verbal indicates that a participle, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since they function as adjectives, participles modify nouns or pronouns. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing. Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n, as in the words asked, eaten, saved, dealt, and seen.
The crying baby had a wet diaper. Shaken, he walked away from the wrecked car. The burning log fell off the fire. Smiling, she hugged the panting dog. A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the participle, such as:
Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river. The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying Jack. Removing (participle) his coat (direct object of action expressed in participle)
Delores noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline. The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying cousin. walking (participle) along the shoreline (prepositional phrase as adverb)
Children introduced to music early develop strong intellectual skills. The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying children. introduced (to) (participle) music (direct object of action expressed in participle) early (adverb)
Having been a gymnast, Lynn knew the importance of exercise. The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying Lynn. Having been (participle) a gymnast (subject complement for Lynn, via state of being expressed in participle)
Placement: In order to prevent confusion, a participial phrase must be placed as close to the noun it modifies as possible, and the noun must be clearly stated.
Carrying a heavy pile of books, his foot caught on a step. * Carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his foot on a step. In the first sentence there is no clear indication of who or what is performing the action expressed in the participle carrying. Certainly foot can't be logically understood to function in this way. This situation is an example of a dangling modifier error since the modifier (the participial phrase) is not modifying any specific noun in the sentence and is thus left "dangling." Since a person must be doing the carrying for the sentence to make sense, a noun or pronoun that refers to a person must be in the place immediately after the participial phrase, as in the second sentence.
Punctuation: When a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma should be placed after the phrase.
Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed. Washing and polishing the car, Frank developed sore muscles. If the participle or participial phrase comes in the middle of a sentence, it should be set off with commas only if the information is not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of sleep. The church, destroyed by a fire, was never rebuilt. Note that if the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no commas should be used:
The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award. The guy wearing the chicken costume is my cousin. If a participial phrase comes at the end of a sentence, a comma usually precedes the phrase if it modifies an earlier word in the sentence but not if the phrase directly follows the word it modifies.
The local residents often saw Ken wandering through the streets. (The phrase modifies Ken, not residents.) Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence. (The phrase modifies Tom, not woman.) Points to remember
A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present) or -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (past) that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. A participial phrase consists of a participle plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s). Participles and participial phrases must be placed as close to the nouns or pronouns they modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns must be clearly stated. A participial phrase is set off with commas when it: a) comes at the beginning of a sentence b) interrupts a sentence as a nonessential element c) comes at the end of a sentence and is separated from the word it modifies.作者: 葵之夏影 时间: 2010-1-17 19:24
非常感谢啊~！ 呵呵 解决了偶困惑很久的东东 太棒了~作者: 葵之夏影 时间: 2010-1-17 19:31 再次感谢啊 本身我还想把PREP这些题目都找出来自己慢慢想想的 省了很多时间啊！作者: eye0416 时间: 2010-2-21 17:13
非常清楚！！太感谢了~ 依此原则，此题中，分词堕尾且用逗号隔开，就不能应用就近原则来修饰JC，而是修饰句中主语。修饰主语明显错误，所以此选项排除。作者: ozymendias 时间: 2010-6-10 14:53
顶！！ 不过我还有个疑问，判断 if the participial phrase is essential ，这个essential的标准是什么？是指分词结构对主语有很强的限制性吗？是指缺少了这个分词短语则句子的主语就会过于宽泛吗？ 盼NN解答作者: keith139 时间: 2010-6-11 21:16
我觉得essentail就是看他的内容是不是影响句子的主要意思，因为由两个逗号隔开的成分，应该可以从句子中拿去而不影响整体要表达的意思。 OG解释中有很多次提到这个，你可以去翻翻作者: ozymendias 时间: 2010-6-11 21:44
谢谢楼上，不过我的意思是在不知道该不该有逗号的前提下，如何判断这个句子的essential的程度，比如上面的例子： Note that if the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no commas should be used:
The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award. The guy wearing the chicken costume is my cousin. 如果在红色的字前后加逗号， The student， earning the highest grade point average ，will receive a special award. The guy ，wearing the chicken costume， is my cousin. 也通顺的呀 不知道是不是钻牛角尖了。。努力翻OG中....作者: 林若绮 时间: 2010-10-15 12:33
这里绝对不是做定语修饰solar radiation的哈， 那个现在分词无论在句前或者在句后（如果用“，”与前面的名词，这里是“solar radiation”分隔开了的话），逻辑主语是主句主语，即the ice particles, 表示动作伴随或者定语修饰ice particles作者: 侯子的西游记 时间: 2010-10-28 10:43
多谢tibet！！作者: ppher 时间: 2011-6-24 18:12
tibet提供的链接
urdue OWL
