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标题: [分享]回报CD:我的语法总结和prep-sc错题注释 [打印本页]

作者: itstime    时间: 2008-8-2 01:38
标题: [分享]回报CD:我的语法总结和prep-sc错题注释
从CD获得良多,这里奉上我自己做的语法总结,几点说明:


1。希望大家批判者用,因为这只是我个人的看法和总结。


2。另外附上prep-sc破解版1我对自己做错的题的总结和注释。小弟做完了prep破解版所有的语法题,每15题最少的时候错1个,最多的时候错5个,一般是每15题错2,到3个。大家可以用这些信息来衡量我总结的语法的可信度。


3。LZM的语法书只可以作为入门用,是SC入门很好的教材。但LZM里的语法规律不是终极标准,OG才是。另外,语法到了后期感觉比较强烈的是:在比较中选答案,很多LZM中终结的规律在OG和prep中都有例外。另外,现在语法越来越侧重于考察句子的逻辑意思。


4。刚开始的同学不要做prep, 要从OG和官位东做起。Prep破解留着冲刺用。

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一.           
比较的原则


    

无论何种比较,比较的事物必须有可比性.


    

所有的比较一定要在内容和形式上都突出对比,其中,表达形式(一个句子的写法)是为表达内容服务的,
SC
在考察比较上就是考察这种形式。


    

 


    

二.           
表达比较意思的句子结构


    

1.
                
如果是用2个分句来表达比较,这2个分句的主谓结构,主语和主语,谓语和谓语,都要在在形式上对称(代词可以用来替换前一分句出现的主语), 每个句子的成分在排列顺序上要相同,以到达互相平行的效果。
        这种句子包括:whereas, while, but, as(表示2个动作之间的相识性), just as X, so Y(表示2个动作之间的相识性) 等连词引导的句子.


    

2.
                
More….than….构成的比较结构比较主语:1:如果动词是系动词,宾语是形容词,结构是:X +be+adj比较级 than + Y.   E.g. I am taller than you. 2:如果动词是实意动词,than后要补出相应得助动词(do,
did, will, have, has, had)   e.g. David performed better in the knowledge exam
than did Mike.
3


    

3.
                
AS….AS引导的比较结构比较主语: (1):
        
如果动词是系动词,宾语是形容词,结构是:X +be+ as adj as +Y. 
e.g.  Eastern people in the u.s.
are twice as likely as western people to be self-employed.(
注意这里不是as are western people). (2)
        
如果动词是实意动词,那么这个结构要么是as+ADV+as, 或者是
        as+NOUN+as (这里的noun是动词宾语),最后一个as后引导的一定是主谓结构,而且要和第一个as前的主谓结构对称。E.g.1 Using some new technology, farmers
are growing fish twice as fast as fish grow naturally.   E.g.2 Dirty
roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do.


    

4.
                
AS…AS比较结构只做句子成分: E.g.1:
According to a study, companies are providing job training for nearly
eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation's
four-year colleges and universities. E.g.2:
Please pick up as many apples as you want.  E.g.3 In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, four
times as many Americans were killed as
would later be killed on the beaches
of Normandy
during D-Day


    

5.
                
比较主语时,有一种可以不补出比较对象的实意动词(非Be动词)的例外情形:当被比较的两者是在概念上相同的不同事物(没有宾语干扰也可能是另一个条件,不确定)E.g.: Last
year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as, and in
some parts even faster than, those outside the pinelands. ( This example
is from OG11-Verbal-SC-No.94)


    

6.
                
 


    

三.           
同位语和插入语的区别 (appositive,


    

1.
                
同位语:同位语是名词或名词短语,它的修饰对象也是名词或名词短语。详情见下面的同位语专题


    

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appositive#cite_note-WritingPU-0


    

    限定性的同位语与它所修饰的名词之间没有逗号;非限定性同位语要用2个逗号把它与它所修饰的名词隔开。


    

2.
                
插入语:补充额外的信息,一般在句中,常用2个逗号与句子主体隔开。


    

3.
                
插入语中有”and”,表示对插入部分的强调的特殊例子。
        E.g.: Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose
almost as fast as, and in some parts even faster than, those outside the
pinelands. ( This example is from OG11-Verbal-SC-No.94).


    

4.
                
 


    

四.           
逗号的用法


    

<<SOME COMMON PROBLEMS>>
 Princeton Writing Program, Princeton
                        University
, 1999,
Princeton.edu/sites/writing.


    

    http://web.princeton.edu/sites/writing/Writing_Center/handouts/html/commas.htm.


    

E.g. As the economic role of multinational, global
corporations expand, the international economic environment will be shaped
increasingly not by governments or international institutions, but by the
interaction between governments and global
corporations, especially
in the United States,
Europe, and Japan.


    

这里的逗号把corporations和介词短语 especially in the United States, Europe, and Japan隔开,表明介词短语不是修饰corporations, 而是修饰整个句子。


    

 


    

五.           
平行结构


    

平行机构是非常广泛的。它包括 A: 名词和名词或名词短语和名词短语之间的平行 B: 动作之间的并列或动词短语之间的平行
        C: 修饰同一对象的多个定语从句之间的平行
        D: and, but, yet, nor, or连接的两个独立主句(independent clause)之间的平行 F:所有的比较结构, 包括由though, although引导的让步状语从句和主句的比较(逻辑意思上要平行)


    

 


    

Parallelism有两个层次的Parallelism.


    

1.
                
逻辑意思上的平行. 主要指由and, but,
yet, nor, or
连接的两个独立主句(independent
clause)
之间的平行, 以及though, although引导的让步状语从句和主句的比较. though, although引导的让步状语从句和主句的比较


    

2.
                
语法结构上的平行. Correlative
Conjunctions
引导的成分要grammatically
parallel.
这些Correlative
Conjunctions
有:both…and,
either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, between… and, whether…or,


    

3.
                
现在分词和过去分词平行修饰同一个对象:  something done… and doing…


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-2 1:48:48编辑过]

作者: itstime    时间: 2008-8-2 01:50
为什么上传得文件在我的贴里看不到呢?

作者: rimm853    时间: 2008-8-2 07:18
me too, can not see it, anyway, thanks a lot

作者: susanxu9    时间: 2008-8-2 23:53

Thanks! 可是为什么好几个number bullets后面都没有内容呢? 






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