-- by 会员 情未浓 (2011/12/22 18:03:17)
34. (26262-!-item-!-188;#058&003094)
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.
(A) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's
(B) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine
(C) hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine
(D) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's
(E) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine
正确答案为A，破解版的解释是these指代endorphins ，但是根据og11黄皮代词是不能单独指代的。
og11黄的115题：
解释说 These cannot act as a direct object. A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced by them 从此推断A也是错的！！！请大家来讨论确认。
These cannot act as a direct object.
A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced by them
从此推断A也是错的！！！请大家来讨论确认。
These cannot act as a direct object.
A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced by them
从此推断A也是错的！！！请大家来讨论确认。
These cannot act as a direct object.
A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced by them
从此推断A也是错的！！！请大家来讨论确认。
These cannot act as a direct object.
A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced by them
从此推断A也是错的！！！请大家来讨论确认。
ls有道理！
这么说these做主语的话就可以单独指代了？不是说指代形式应为：
such + n或者this\that\these\those + n
那这道题these指什么呢，前面的一系列活动？ 为什么后面不加N， 或直接用they表示
我这一题也做错了,我一看选项就把A 排除了.最近在做PREP 和GWD的SC,发现许多的以前的总结的规则总是有特例出现,真是晕呀....看来以后在做题目中还是要尽量比较各选项才行,选出最优才可以,不能都一棒打死!!
这个有区别吗？
these这里是指代these
endorphins in the brain；
个人认为BC错的更加厉害，相比之下A最好
多谢AlienX的回答
them是宾格形式，肯定是做宾语。
而these是代词，代词类似于名词，即可作主语也可作宾语。
但是这道题these是代词还是形容词呢？所谓的this/that/these不能单独指代又是什么样的情形呢？
115??
哪个资料上的115？
them是特制，这里特指the poor这些人。
而these是泛指，these 根those是一类词，所以会经常看到在比较结构中用those来代替前边出现过的词，而不用they，they就是特制。
open to discussion
查到白勇语法253页：
代词it\this\that都不能指代整个句子；
代词this\that\these不能单独充当主语，必须加上名词才能做主语；
大家注意：
目前确认的是根据og11(黄)的115题说these不能单独做宾语（“These cannot act as a direct object”）
不确认的是these是否能单独做主语：
（1）根据1楼的prep34说可以
（2）BY语法说不行
大家还能找到别的these充当主语的对或错的题目吗？
朗文字典的解释：
these:
the plural of this
this:
1
used to refer to a person, thing, idea etc that has just been mentioned or to something that has just happened
We must make sure this doesn't happen again. Is there any way of solving these problems? If young Daly continues to improve at this rate, he'll soon be in the A Team. This will be discussed in the next chapter. This boyfriend of yours - how old is he?
they
1
used to refer to two or more people or things that have already been mentioned or are already known about
Bob and Sue said they wouldn't be able to come. Ken gave me some flowers. Aren't they beautiful? They all want to come to the wedding.
these可以指人，物或想法，they只能指人或物
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.
题目里用的是these have, 所以these指代的一定是物了...不是 endorphins就是hot sauces。既然如此为什么不用they而用these呢?我认为原因在于these和they的区别，是不是they会有歧义指代到hot sauces,而these不会有歧义呢？
可以看上面的解释
these是"has just been mentioned or to something that has just happened"关键词在"just"，而they的解释关键词在"already"
这里endorphins 是just mentioned的，hot sauces和endorphins 都是already mentioned的。所以用they 有歧义，用these不会有歧义。
-------------------------------------------------分割线---------------------------------------------------------
至于115的句子，为什么说作为直接宾语时不能用these呢？
George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray
these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
原题正确答案是E
(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them
且把them改为these
George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature and to portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
如果用these，可能指代前面的整个idea（ consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature ）或者legitimate subjects，而不是 the rural poor 了。
-------------------------------------------------分割线---------------------------------------------------------
我认为these指代出现错误的根本原因可能就在于此吧，不过最好能再有these做直接宾语时是错误的的题目。
to ls:
1。这里endorphins 是just mentioned的，hot sauces和endorphins 都是already mentioned的。所以用they 有歧义，用these不会有歧义。"
你说endorphins到底是just mentioned还是already mentioned？还有，二者的判断标准是什么呢？
2。同意的所说的these指代idea来解释og115
3。ls是怎么看白勇语法的这条规则： 白勇语法253页： 代词this\that\these不能单独充当主语，必须加上名词才能做主语；
白勇语法253页：
代词this\that\these不能单独充当主语，必须加上名词才能做主语；
白勇语法253页：
代词this\that\these不能单独充当主语，必须加上名词才能做主语；
既然是最近却符合语法的，那endorphins就是just mentioned，怎么又是already mentioned的？？
另外在gmat中， these的正确写法也是要把“these + 名词”这种写法写全吧？
白勇说的借鉴性吸收吧，既然有特例，那这个绝对不能作为放之四海而皆准的公理。
也就是说，
第一、逻辑为先
第二、它不是一个像“时态错误”，“固定搭配错误”那样100%可以杀选项的错误，就像上面提到的，只要指代明显，后面的名词不跟也行（如果these指代just mentioned成立，其实34题的these指代还是比较明显的）。
第三、得再总结下一these指代的题目
照你这么说的话，只要题目中these前面提到过两个复数名词，那these就是错的，要用they
不是啊，ls理解反了...
比方说题目中these前面提到过两个复数名词，在逻辑上没有冲突的前提下，那these就是指代近一点的（近一点的那个是just mentioned的），they就是两个都可以指代（两个都是already mentioned的）。
哦，这样
they只要前面出现两个以上的复数名词，就出现指代不清
小结：
1 除非很明显，this\these不能单独指代，要补出后面的名词
2 they指代前面出现的对象，these指代离它最近的对象，指代都要满足逻辑符合，主谓一致的要求
3 当they前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时，视其为指代不清。而these前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时，可以就近指代，比they更佳
4 that\those用于比较结构中，避免重复，和单独指代要区别开来
17. GWD30-Q17:
By the same techniques used for genetically enhancing plants, making them disease- or pest-resistant, researchers have been able to increase the amount of protein in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and tobacco.
A. By the same techniques used for genetically enhancing plants, making them
B. With the same techniques to genetically enhance plants, so that they are
C. Employing the same techniques used to genetically enhance plants so that they are(C)(看看)
D. Employing the same techniques to genetically enhance plants, which makes them
E. Employing the same techniques for genetically enhancing plants that make them
答案为C，我也选对了，但是仔细一看，they前有两个复数名词，techniques 和 plants ，是否会指代不清？
我觉得，they指代techniques的话，they are disease- or pest-resistant 技术防病防虫，逻辑意思错误，所以只能指代plants.
逻辑意思始终是第一位考虑的。
我觉得，they指代techniques的话，they are disease- or pest-resistant 技术防病防虫，逻辑意思错误，所以只能指代plants.
逻辑意思始终是第一位考虑的。
今天看prep 95又发现一个知识点（those\they的区别）补上：
用it\they指代句子前面出现过的事物时，精确指代前文出现的该特定事物，该事物的修饰成分、特性均被继承在it\they中。
95. (29501-!-item-!-188;#058&004299)
Officials in
(A) as do
(B) as with
(C) similar to
(D) like those in
(E) as they have in
E中的they指代在Atl公立大学的官员，不可能有同时字美国的其他区域，逻辑错误
看prep2-34时，又发现了指代的新问题——these用法。
找到这个帖子，看到之前大家的讨论，对这个知识点又深化一步。
赞一个！
不知道大家有否和我同样的感觉，怎么越复习SC零碎的知识点越多呢？
究其本质原因，还是掌握的不够扎实，经不起挑战。
之前读prep破解，没有发现那么多“模糊”的问题，做了GWD再回头看prep发现，很多问题的本质没有掌握住，仍不能对付ETS.
看prep2-34时，又发现了指代的新问题——these用法。
找到这个帖子，看到之前大家的讨论，对这个知识点又深化一步。
赞一个！
不知道大家有否和我同样的感觉，怎么越复习SC零碎的知识点越多呢？
究其本质原因，还是掌握的不够扎实，经不起挑战。
之前读prep破解，没有发现那么多“模糊”的问题，做了GWD再回头看prep发现，很多问题的本质没有掌握住，仍不能对付ETS.
“越复习SC零碎的知识点越多”同感！
我有时候一套GWD就够我分析大半个白天了
这个知识点真是零碎，我到一直都没有注意到这个
但是看看我这样的想法是否正确：
1、them，these可以指代前面出现的复数（就像this指代单数），但是指代人的时候我觉得these不能单独用，要不然感觉怪怪的。指代人的话主格用they，宾格用them
所以115用them，不用these，如果115用these的话应该用these people
2、them仅指代宾格，我查了一下this.these的例句，好像也是可以作宾语的
a (1)
: the person, thing, or idea that is present or near in place, time, or thought or that has just been mentioned <these are my hands>
(2)
: what is stated in the following phrase, clause, or discourse <I can only say this: it wasn't here yesterday>
b
: this time or place <expected to return before this>
不管怎么样，总之灵活运用是关键
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot
sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as
exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.
(A)
hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as
exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's
(B)
hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like
exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine
(C)
hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the
brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine
(D)
the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces
and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's
(E)
the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces,
just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that
of morphine
reallingling 发表于 2008-7-23 07:40
these这里是指代these endorphins in the brain；个人认 ...
rpch2004 发表于 2008-7-25 14:19
小结：1 除非很明显，this\these不能单独指代，要补出后面的名词2 they指代前面出现的对象，th ...
东邪 发表于 2009-9-5 22:36
我觉得各位都有点被误导了，PREP 34的这套题并非考的是they和these的区别，而是有其他考点，they和these在 ...
vivi_y 发表于 2015-11-19 21:19
今天看到这个题，请教一下，a选项里边为什么是morphine's?
谢谢大神
rpch2004 发表于 2008-7-25 14:19
小结：1 除非很明显，this\these不能单独指代，要补出后面的名词2 they指代前面出现的对象，th ...
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