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标题: 大全401 - 关于同位语结构的题 [打印本页]
作者: 寂寞的自由 时间: 2003-12-25 05:53
标题: 大全401 - 关于同位语结构的题
4 In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive through the Earth's gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.
(A) cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive
(B) cars' potential energy, a gain achieved as they are lifted by a chain drive
(C) potential energy from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive
(D) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them
(E) potential energy gained by the cars, being achieved while a chain drive lifts them
正确答案是D，请问大家各个选项如何找出错误进行判断呢？谢谢
作者: lingxia 时间: 2003-12-25 07:44
A、B cars' potential energy这样的表达不如potential energy of the cars，同时使后面的their、they没有指代对象
C from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive 错
E being achieved 错 gained、 achieved意思重复
不知道这样理解对不对
作者: 寂寞的自由 时间: 2003-12-25 09:12
C from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive 错
E being achieved 错 gained、 achieved意思重复
这两个自由还有些疑问，我的理解是：好象ETS在GMAT中要求“ BEING DONE”是一个绝对错误的形式作为一个名词的定语，是不是呢？请LINGXIA 以及各位朋友给予确认，谢谢
感谢2楼的朋友你的解释给自由又开拓了思路，谢谢~~~~~，呵呵，咱两个的头像挺象的，只是你手中有吃的东西，而我急的手舞足蹈，哈哈！
作者: lingxia 时间: 2003-12-25 13:56
应该是吧，好像没见到being done正确的选项
作者: Snazzy 时间: 2003-12-25 14:06
although i am not 100% positive, i still think you r right.
1, usage like "car's being lifted" is wrong! when i looked at the question, i eliminated A, C,E right away
2, there r 2 reasons why B is not good
1) 'car's potential energy' is not proper. as cars, some lifeless stuff, can not own anything. normally we say, 'my book' 'the battery of my cell phone'
2) B is not precise. it seems to me that ETS prefers to have precise expression whenever possible
作者: rabbitbug 时间: 2003-12-25 14:55
觉得有几个原则试用这道题: 过去分词修饰的时候直接放与被修饰词后面,不加being; 用主谓结构表达比介词短语through.../by...做状语或者同位语都要清楚; as表一段持续过程, 对应文中意思; 主动比被动好!
作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-12-25 15:15
以下是引用rabbitbug在2003-12-25 14:55:00的发言：
觉得有几个原则试用这道题: 过去分词修饰的时候直接放与被修饰词后面,不加being; 用主谓结构表达比介词短语through.../by...做状语或者同位语都要清楚; as表一段持续过程, 对应文中意思; 主动比被动好!
每次rabbitbug MM的发言，都能带给我一点思考，MM对OG研究之透彻，亦令我佩服！
MM准备什么时候考？？一定是个牛分
作者: rabbitbug 时间: 2003-12-25 16:09
见笑了! 只有不到两个星期了,可是我的逻辑不好, 痛苦中....
作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-12-25 16:28
个人感觉逻辑主要是看懂题，抓住结论，去体会作者意图（这个非常重要）
祝考个牛分！！！！
作者: rabbitbug 时间: 2003-12-25 16:33
多谢GG指教!
......................................
自由MM别生气, 又借你的发了题外话, 还是解决问题要紧!
作者: 寂寞的自由 时间: 2003-12-26 07:01
10楼的MM，谢谢你的建议，自由眯不会生气的，因为你的题外话对于我而言，并不是题外话，自由是个菜菜的鸟，呵呵~，所以特喜欢听听大家的不同意见，即使不是针对这个问题的，我也很喜欢哦，还有谢谢楼上的各位朋友，大家的想法给自由很大的帮助，启发。
作者: 寂寞的自由 时间: 2003-12-26 08:57
以下是引用rabbitbug在2003-12-25 14:55:00的发言：
觉得有几个原则试用这道题: 过去分词修饰的时候直接放与被修饰词后面,不加being; 用主谓结构表达比介词短语through.../by...做状语或者同位语都要清楚; as表一段持续过程, 对应文中意思; 主动比被动好!
请问，我黑体字部分不是很明白，因为GMAT的原则有一个就是简洁原则，句子比较罗嗦哦~ 谢谢
作者: rabbitbug 时间: 2003-12-26 14:17
呵呵,还有个ETS的原则叫做: 表达清楚,没有歧义. 来看下面这两个例子
179. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the newcomers. Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.
(A)Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of
(B)Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue of
(C)Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue
(D)having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of
(E)knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue
OG179, 答案C, 我想你对这道题肯定没有问题, 那这道题来,我是想说: 主谓结构sb do sth要比 help in ...这样的介词短语表达的有力,且更清楚. 也许这个例子与楼主的问题不是很象, 那就看一下下面的885的一道题.
9. Many psychologists and sociologists now contend that the deliberate and even brutal aggression integral to some forms of competitive athletics increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts among crowds of spectators dominated by young adult males.
(A) increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts
(B) increase the likelihood that there will be an eruption of imitative violence
(C) increase the likelihood of imitative violence erupting
(D) increases the likelihood for imitative violence to erupt
(E) increases the likelihood that imitative violence will erupt
答案E, 为什么不选D呢? 可以把for...看成是likelihood的对象, to ...又是表目的性动词短语, 可以表述出原文的意思啊. 可是,比较一下, for... to...,在这里确实不如that后面的主谓结构表达的清楚啊. 这样的介词短语总是给人这样的印象: 一定要仔细琢磨其逻辑主语, to erupt的逻辑主语究竟是谁? 很有可能是increase的主语呢! 用D这样表达没有E中的主谓来得清晰.
作者: rabbitbug 时间: 2003-12-26 14:30
再返回到楼主的问题:
4 in terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive through the earth's gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends. b--àd
(a) cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive
(b) cars' potential energy, a gain achieved as they are lifted by a chain drive
(c) potential energy from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive
(d) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them
(e) potential energy gained by the cars, being achieved while a chain drive lifts them
明白了文中意思,我们都知道是a chain drive lifts cars这样的一个动宾关系, 其次再说明是through earth's gravity. 可是A选项中的介词短语by a chain drive夹在gained through...lifted by... through...中间,要很辛苦才能判断出第一个through...短语是跟gain 对应的, by... 短语是对应lifted, 后面的through...短语又是跟drive对应, 这样的表达不是不行,只是太容易造成混乱,不如直接阐述drive lift cars这样的动宾关系好, 表达清楚?
作者: 寂寞的自由 时间: 2003-12-27 14:23
Thanks rabbitbug!!! Your explanation are quite clear!!! Thanks for a thousand!!! You are a nice girl!!! ^_^
作者: JerryGuan 时间: 2004-2-23 22:23
In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them through the Earth’s gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.
这句话是什么意思啊？不太明白。。。
“物理学上，过山车的显著特点是汽车的势能……通过地球的吸引力，将其推举到……又在……转化动能”
化线部分到底什么意思？55555555555555，急啊。
作者: snow_mountain 时间: 2004-2-23 23:06
以下是引用JerryGuan在2004-2-23 22:23:00的发言：
In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them through the Earth’s gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.
这句话是什么意思啊？不太明白。。。
“物理学上，过山车的显著特点是汽车的势能……通过地球的吸引力，将其推举到……又在……转化动能”
化线部分到底什么意思？55555555555555，急啊。
楼上的朋友不是自己已经翻译得挺明白了吗？就是在过山车在被举起来时获得的势能呀。
作者: jnlvo 时间: 2004-3-26 23:53
还有一题好像是of being dwellings。
作者: JerryGuan 时间: 2004-5-29 22:22
以下是引用pumpkin在2004-3-26 15:13:00的发言：30 Minutes 25 Questions
1. Revered by an ill-informed citizenry, the Duke of York was feted opulently for several months before there was denunciation and exile.
(A) there was denunciation and exile
(B) he was to be denounced with exile
(C) being denounced and exiled
(D) denunciation and his exile
(E) being exiled, having been denounced
??? 答案是c
being done
这是条件状语；你所引用的楼层说的是定语。
作者: JerryGuan 时间: 2004-5-29 22:26
以下是引用寂寞的自由在2003-12-25 5:53:00的发言：4 In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the
cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive through the Earth's gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.
(A) cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive
(B) cars' potential energy, a gain achieved as they are lifted by a chain drive
(C) potential energy from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive
(D) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts
them(E) potential energy gained by the cars, being achieved while a chain drive lifts them
正确答案是D，请问大家各个选项如何找出错误进行判断呢？谢谢
补充一点：
本题中的gained乍看上去，好像有可能修饰cars，但语义上修energy，于是有人说这有歧义！我认为没有。原因如下：
them所指代的是cars，所以其前面的逻辑主语项应该不是其本身，而是另外的部分。记得以前我也留意这类问题。
所以定语从句/相当于定语成份的修饰部分的跳跃修饰，要结合前后的代词指代来进行判断。
作者: gmat700+ 时间: 2004-6-12 10:35
以下是引用寂寞的自由在2003-12-25 9:12:00的发言：
C from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive 错
E being achieved 错 gained、 achieved意思重复
这两个自由还有些疑问，我的理解是：好象ETS在GMAT中要求“ BEING DONE”是一个绝对错误的形式作为一个名词的定语，是不是呢？请LINGXIA 以及各位朋友给予确认，谢谢
感谢2楼的朋友你的解释给自由又开拓了思路，谢谢~~~~~，呵呵，咱两个的头像挺象的，只是你手中有吃的东西，而我急的手舞足蹈，哈哈！
being done不能作为名词的定语，那么它是不是也不能做所有格的中心词，比如：sth.'s being done？
作者: zhoushao 时间: 2005-7-4 21:43
以下是引用JerryGuan在2004-5-29 22:26:00的发言：
补充一点：
本题中的gained乍看上去，好像有可能修饰cars，但语义上修energy，于是有人说这有歧义！我认为没有。原因如下：
them所指代的是cars，所以其前面的逻辑主语项应该不是其本身，而是另外的部分。记得以前我也留意这类问题。
所以定语从句/相当于定语成份的修饰部分的跳跃修饰，要结合前后的代词指代来进行判断。
可是这个gained我认为即使后面是them指代cars，若是说还是说得过去的呀，大家在有没有对这个指代更好的解释
作者: 我爱欧洲 时间: 2005-9-14 08:24
以下是引用gmat700+在2004-6-12 10:35:00的发言：being done不能作为名词的定语，那么它是不是也不能做所有格的中心词，比如：sth.'s being done？
不行。being结构除了在介词后面，其他情况都是可以替换的。
作者: 我爱欧洲 时间: 2005-9-14 08:26
以下是引用gmat700+在2004-6-12 10:35:00的发言：
being done不能作为名词的定语，那么它是不是也不能做所有格的中心词，比如：sth.'s being done？
不行。being结构除了在介词后面，其他情况都是可以替换的。请指正。
作者: allen0018 时间: 2006-5-20 17:47
3X
作者: judiwind2006 时间: 2006-8-1 13:42
哎,很难懂呀
作者: tasteofbit 时间: 2007-3-14 21:33
A中的their being lifted不对；B中gain和achieved意思重复；C中没有了energy gained的概念，改变了句意；E中gained by the cars逻辑意思不对。
作者: anGrYcharlie 时间: 2007-3-15 09:58
请教：
D) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them
对于这个答案我有问题， ",gained" OG11中一般是错误得，因为OG11有很多题目说明这种结构有 "immediately"先行词得要求，而不是前面得核心词，这里就是 cars,修辞结构错误
请举反例
谢谢
作者: itstime 时间: 2008-5-24 12:19
以下是引用anGrYcharlie在2007-3-15 9:58:00的发言：请教：
D) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them
对于这个答案我有问题， ",gained" OG11中一般是错误得，因为OG11有很多题目说明这种结构有 "immediately"先行词得要求，而不是前面得核心词，这里就是 cars,修辞结构错误
请举反例
谢谢
"gained as a chain drive lifts them" 不是定语从句，所以不需要紧根先行词。在语法功能上， “gained as a chain drive lifts them”是插入语，它是对energy的进一步解释。
再说明一下，“gained as a chain drive lifts them“”不是同位语。同位语只限于名词对名词的解释。
更详细的解释看这里，
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appositive#cite_note-WritingPU-0
作者: lichabrend 时间: 2008-8-19 10:44
up
作者: iamyamy 时间: 2009-2-13 01:10
thanks to all
作者: elric9 时间: 2009-7-24 20:52
up
作者: mao猫子 时间: 2016-7-15 21:53
4 in terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive through the earth's gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends. b--àd
(a) cars' potential energy, gained through their being lifted by a chain drive
(b) cars' potential energy, a gain achieved as they are lifted by a chain drive
(c) potential energy from the cars' being lifted by a chain drive
(d) potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them
(e) potential energy gained by the cars, being achieved while a chain drive lifts them
A选项中的their指代的是energy，但是他的本意是想指代cars；B选项中they指代的还是energy，本意是想指代cars；E选项中的them指代的还是energy；答案在C,D中选择，但是GMAT更倾向用主谓结构而不是介词结构修饰，因为主谓结构表达更加明确 。
当然这是个人简介，希望大N来指正。
作者: 小小明噢耶 时间: 2019-8-14 21:41
being用法 分享一下嘻嘻
being 用法
1) being在一般情况下强调事物正在进行或正在保持一种状态，其强调的是动作的连续.
（特例：在介词结构后表达被动，则补出being，不表达进行
without their being grounded 错
without being grounded 对
was probably buried to keep it from being stolen by invaders.）
Besides a concert performance being staged by the composer himself in 1911, S’s opera was … 逻辑上判断，being应省略，因为staged这个动作仅发生在过去，并没有持续
the students are being increasingly successful in the job market. 在描述正在展开的事件时becoimg比Being更precise
Smokers frequently express anxiety that their prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit. 强调进行状态和同时性
2) being在逗号后，则being修饰前面句子(的主语)(即作状语)而不是就近名词
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