还有一点不明白，OG说D is wordy and awkward in its use of the passive voice，这个被动语态说的是avoid being stolen 吗？如果是的话，那不是每个选项都是被动语态？为什么只说D是这个错误呢？
OG: D is wordy and awkward in its use of the passive voice.
D选项：in order that it would avoid.
我理解：OG的意思是,先不考虑avoid的问题，从in order that讲为什麽D错。
1。it在此是指chalice. 那麽在in order that中， 如that后的主语与主句一致，根据简洁性的原则，那麽应该省掉that后的主语，此时用in order to即可。
2。如一定要用in order that,那麽句子应改为：in order that invaders couldn't steal it.这时用主动就比用被动更符合语法要求，而且句子更简洁。
所以，OG说，d选项用被动是wordy n awkward。
3。其他4个选项，也是先不考虑avoid, 用to do,那麽后面就可以接被动。
4。接着，og讲： moreover.......再说avoid的问题。
仅是个人理解，请指正。
感觉这道题考得很细
LONGMAN:avoid -to prevent something bad from happening
Keep from,to prevent someone from doing something or prevent something from happening
可能就是人和物的区别。
个人理解
keep from + 动词的ing形式
avoid + 名词
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！
这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can usually be modified to make them more effective drugs，与本题的结构用法完全一样：
S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！
这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can usually be modified to make them more effective drugs，与本题的结构用法完全一样：
S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。
N! 
很有道理啊
不过要补充的是：如果主语是形式主语it的话，就不需要加代词了
这题很让人郁闷，我一上来就排除了KEEP IT FROM，觉得IT真的是画蛇添足。
我现在仍然觉得应该是TO AVOID，读起来好顺好舒服啊。
use avoid, Iget a very feeling,
invaders want avoid ... be stolen by themselves.
S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。
我也很同意以上结论, 只是有一点没想通:
it is buried to keep from being stolen. 为什么ETS不说这也是圣杯自己保持自己不被偷?
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
确实解释的很好
怎么看B还是别扭阿，把B带进去就是：
chalice was probably buried to keep it from being stolen by invaders
it指chalice，chalice was probably buried to keep chalice from being stolen by invaders
我感觉to do的逻辑主语应该和主句的主语一致阿，如果不一致应该用独立主格的。请指点
"To do" here indicates the goal of the action. It doesn't necessarily have to comply with the subject.
But if "to do" itself means an action, it has to have an agency to act upon it.
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！
这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can usually be modified to make them more effective drugs，与本题的结构用法完全一样：
S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。
Choice D:
Longman Dictionary:
1
to prevent something bad from happening
Road safety is taught to young children to avoid road accidents. It is important to take measures to avoid the risk of fire.
avoid doing something
The refugees left to avoid getting bombed.
Alan narrowly avoided an accident.
2
to stay away from someone or something, or not use something
Everyone seemed to be avoiding Nick. She carefully avoided his eyes (=did not look directly at his face) . Pregnant women should avoid certain foods such as raw eggs. Why did you speak to him? You usually avoid him like the plague (=try hard to avoid him) .
3
to deliberately not do something, especially something wrong, dangerous, or harmful
There are ways of legally avoiding taxes.
avoid doing something
You should avoid over-spending in the first half of the year.
Google了一下，也有aviod being done 和aviod being +adj. 的形式，但还是以Longman字典的例子为准吧!
请指教
万分感激, 解了我所有的迷!! 谢谢!
"To do" here indicates the goal of the action. It doesn't necessarily have to comply with the subject.
But if "to do" itself means an action, it has to have an agency to act upon it.
但是前几天碰到princeton的一道题，答案却是B
Renowned for both his wealth and his eccentricity, industrialist Howard Hughes left behind a series of wills and codicils of staggering complexity, one that took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out.
A. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out
B. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort out
Renowned for both his wealth and his eccentricity, industrialist Howard Hughes left behind a series of wills and codicils of staggering complexity, one that took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out.
A. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out
B. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort out
这是因为定语从句的关系,that引导的从句修饰one,it多余
Renowned for both his wealth and his eccentricity, industrialist Howard Hughes left behind a series of wills and codicils of staggering complexity, one that took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out.
A. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out
B. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort out
这是因为定语从句的关系,that引导的从句修饰one,it多余
我觉得不对,因为one应该指代的是动作的发出者,即Howard Hughes. 而a series of 又是用单数,所以按理来说可以用it指代啊.我也不明白,请NN指教
183.
Archaeologists in
(A) to keep from
(B) to keep it from
(C) to avoid
(D) in order that it would avoid（B）
(E) in order to keep from
有点不明白了...请指点一下
C选项，说ch自己不能avoid，没错
但是C： chalice was probably buried to avoid 我觉得没问题啊
这里ch是被埋，目的是不要被偷， 也就是人是执行者，to do表人的目的，有错吗？
183.Archaeologists in
(A) to keep from
(B) to keep it from
(C) to avoid
(D) in order that it would avoid（B）
(E) in order to keep from
有点不明白了...请指点一下
C选项，说ch自己不能avoid，没错
但是C： chalice was probably buried to avoid 我觉得没问题啊
这里ch是被埋，目的是不要被偷， 也就是人是执行者，to do表人的目的，有错吗？
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
多年以后看到这些，还很受折服和感动！CD每天都会有感动！
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
关于为什么要用keep it from没有问题, 但是这个句子的逻辑主语有疑惑
OG说选项C有逻辑问题: chalice避免自己被偷, 也就是说A chalice was buried to avoid being stolen 当中avoid的逻辑主语是A chalice.
那么为什么: A chalice was buried to keep it from being stolen的逻辑主语就可以认为是埋宝的人呢? 按照C的逻辑,也应该是A chalice才对呀!
另外问一个XDF上课的内容,石林语法中说Avoid是表示主观色彩的词,不能用, 这一点是否正确? 这道题目我做的时候主要是考虑排除含AVOID的选项,然后在A和B中比较. it补出了代词,比较清楚说明是防止什么被偷了.
为什么没有人回答呢? 请NN帮助!
还是没有人回答
我再顶!
申明：本人语法不好，不是NN。扣出主句,加上逻辑主语sb,可得：a chalice was buried （to keep from being stolen by invaders.）+by sb。还原成主动语态，选C。不知道这样可以否
183.
Archaeologists in
(A) to keep from
(B) to keep it from
(C) to avoid
(D) in order that it would avoid（B）
(E) in order to keep from
我们来比较B和C选项,
B. Chalice was buried to keep it from being stolen
C. Chalice was buried to avoid being stolen
大家都是To do形式,但是用的动词不同. 从OG的解释看Moreover, avoid is used imprecisely in C and D because it illogically suggests that the chalice is acting to prevent its own theft 是认为avoid的动作发出者是Chalice, 但是为什么B的发出者就不是Chalice还是藏宝人呢?
如果照你的说法, 因为是还原成主动语态, 那么为什么C就没有还原呢? 逻辑主语为什么就没有还原成藏宝人?
如果按照OG的解释,那么A和B的动作发出者应该也是Chalice,那么Anyway说的"如果主语不同,就应该是B KEEP C FROM DOING STH" 在这里也就不适用了. 因为Chalice was buried (chalice) to keep (chalice) from being stolen, keep的发出者和being stolen的逻辑主语是相同的,那么A也就没有问题了.
这道题目有点绕,我自己做对是按照XDF石林语法, 认为Avoid是表示主观色彩的动词,所以要避免使用. 而且石林语法中强调了keep it/sb from doing sth中的代词. 我个人认为是代词补出更加清楚, 因为keep和dong的发出者可以是不同的人.
OG说D是Chalice is acting to prevent its own theft我同意(因为it指代了Chalice)但是说C也是,我就实在是晕了...
再不顶又落后到看不见了...
问题还是没有解决呀! NN帮忙啊!
同顶 ，期待NN给个清楚的解答
又复习了一轮回到这题,还是没有NN解答
S.O.S.
"To do" here indicates the goal of the action. It doesn't necessarily have to comply with the subject.
But if "to do" itself means an action, it has to have an agency to act upon it.
但是前几天碰到princeton的一道题，答案却是B
Renowned for both his wealth and his eccentricity, industrialist Howard Hughes left behind a series of wills and codicils of staggering complexity, one that took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out.
A. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out
B. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort out
是不是princeton的答案错了啊。。。。
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
anyname 的说法完全赞同,对选出答案已经完全没有问题了,但是我对OG的修改方案存在非常大的疑惑:
OG说C. Pronoun it is needed for clarity.
如果加的是it,不就成了avoid sth doing这种结构么,该结构我闻所未闻.
只看见过avoid sth/doing sth. 我觉得这里明明应该加its .加的是its 的话就应该属于avoid sth.这种结构
大家认为呢? 欢迎指教
anyname 的说法完全赞同,对选出答案已经完全没有问题了,但是我对OG的修改方案存在非常大的疑惑:
OG说C. Pronoun it is needed for clarity.
如果加的是it,不就成了avoid sth doing这种结构么,该结构我闻所未闻.
只看见过avoid sth/doing sth. 我觉得这里明明应该加its .加的是its 的话就应该属于avoid sth.这种结构
大家认为呢? 欢迎指教
I think the point here is the "subject". Because of this "it", you can tell that the original subject(chalice) is definitely not the subject that can make the chalice buried and keep the chalice from being stolen. If today's case were that chalice can bury itself to keep from being stolen, the sentence would be correct that "...was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders". But, as you know, chalice can hardly do that action, so here pronoun "it" is needed for clarity. In other words, here "it" implies that somebody, other than chalice itself, did that action to keep that chalice from being stolen.
Here are just my 2 cents and hope they could be more of less helpful...
个人理解
keep from + 动词的ing形式
avoid + 名词
不同意上面的理解。
Longman字典上有清楚的解释：
avoid doing something
You should avoid over-spending in the first half of the year.The refugees left to avoid getting bombed.
13楼和22楼的发言真精彩，很受启发。
而关于OG -“Moreover, avoid is used imprecisely in C and D because it illogically suggests that the chalice is acting to prevent its own theft.”我觉得选B的关键不在于keep和avoid会不会将chalice认作是逻辑主语的区别；而是B决定性地多了一个宾语it的缘故，MOREOVER这句话有干扰作用！
我是这样来记这道题的点，对于“s + do / is done + to + do (vt.)”
无论前面是主动还是被动, vt.后面不加名词/代词，则默认宾语是发出动作的主语本身（注，此主语为动作的主语，而不一定是句子的主语），故而当vt.的宾语不同于发出动作的主语时，必须有宾语。
Chalice was probably buried to keep it from being stolen by invaders. -正确
Sb buried chalice to keep it from being stolen. - 正确
Sb buried chalice to keep from being stolen. - 错误
而至于，"sth be kept from being done" 有这样的说法，eg, The New Gnarls Barkley video was kept from being aired.
但be动词不可以作不定式to be形式，因为不定式表目的，物不可能主动发出有目的动作。所以，
即使改成：Chalice was probably buried to be kept from being stolen by invaders. - 错误
anyname 的说法完全赞同,对选出答案已经完全没有问题了,但是我对OG的修改方案存在非常大的疑惑:
OG说C. Pronoun it is needed for clarity.
如果加的是it,不就成了avoid sth doing这种结构么,该结构我闻所未闻.
只看见过avoid sth/doing sth. 我觉得这里明明应该加its .加的是its 的话就应该属于avoid sth.这种结构
大家认为呢? 欢迎指教
如果把doing看成一个完全名词化的动名词, avoid sth doing其实也应该常见吧, 或者更加正式的表达方式: avoid sth's doing. 比如OG中不是也有提到过because of living改为because of its living也是正确的吗?
我是这么理解的, 如果不定式是sb do(v.1) sth to do(v.2). 那后面的to do如果作状语表目的, 逻辑主语是主句主语, 如果是作宾语补足成分, 逻辑主语是之前的sth.
在这题中的结构是上述结构的被动形式, 从而变成了sth is done(v.1) to do(v.2). 这样, 在这个结构中, to do的逻辑主语在句中出现的就只能是sth, 因此, OG解释说, avoid is used imprecisely in C and D because it illogically suggests that the chalice is acting to prevent its own theft.
从逻辑语义上看, A和C由于没有指代chalice的it作avoid或者keep的宾语, 因此, 无法体现到底是谁作了to do的逻辑主语, 但是, 但是, 一旦用了it作宾语, 如B, 就将to do动作的执行者和承受者描述清楚了.
D选项中的it, 实际上指代的是chalice, 逻辑语义不对.
大家批判一下
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！
这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can usually be modified to make them more effective drugs，与本题的结构用法完全一样：
S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。
GOOD
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
前辈们讨论的精华贴！！！
UP
183.
Archaeologists in
(A) to keep from
(B) to keep it from
(C) to avoid
(D) in order that it would avoid
(E) in order to keep from
如果改写成
对比
a recently discovered chalice was probably buried (by somebody) to keep from being stolen by invaders.
这样看是不是第一个更清楚。
您是本帖的第 10000 个阅读者
我是第10000个阅读者! 意义虽然不大，但是要感谢前辈啊~!收获！！！
"To do" here indicates the goal of the action. It doesn't necessarily have to comply with the subject.
But if "to do" itself means an action, it has to have an agency to act upon it.
但是前几天碰到princeton的一道题，答案却是B
Renowned for both his wealth and his eccentricity, industrialist Howard Hughes left behind a series of wills and codicils of staggering complexity, one that took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out.
A. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out
B. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort out
是不是princeton的答案错了啊。。。。
这个问题还是没说明白啊 我甚至连one这里指什么都不太清楚
希望大家能来讨论一下
"To do" here indicates the goal of the action. It doesn't necessarily have to comply with the subject.
But if "to do" itself means an action, it has to have an agency to act upon it.
但是前几天碰到princeton的一道题，答案却是B
Renowned
for both his wealth and his eccentricity, industrialist Howard Hughes
left behind a series of wills and codicils of staggering complexity,
one that took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out.
A. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort it out
B. took teams of lawyers and squabbling beneficiaries years to sort out
是不是princeton的答案错了啊。。。。
这个问题还是没说明白啊 我甚至连one这里指什么都不太清楚
希望大家能来讨论一下
从后面的句意理解，one是指staggering complexity，为什么用ONE，因为ONE（单数）是特指，不用的话，不知道that是修饰wills 还是complexity，还是两个一起修饰。
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
太精辟了~
为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）
首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：
She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)
当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：
She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)
回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。
总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。
真的很受益 谢谢前辈
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！
这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can usually be modified to make them more effective drugs，与本题的结构用法完全一样：
S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。
前辈的NN总结的都很好，收益很大！！
我也说一句我的想法，请NN们指正。
keep it from 可以看成是避免它（指代chalice）被偷，主语是人
avoid 可以看成是避免被偷，主语变成了chalice
这个问题还是没说明白啊 我甚至连one这里指什么都不太清楚
希望大家能来讨论一下
同问。顶！！！
chwayne 发表于 2004-6-15 22:40
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can u ...
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！
这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can usually be modified to make them more effective drugs，与本题的结构用法完全一样：
S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。
chwayne 发表于 2004-6-15 22:40
这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can u ...
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