OG11-45
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”, followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
答案:A. 没问题.
但是, 如果将instead换成rather是否也对呢? 两者在这样的情况下有什么区别? 谢谢指导!
好象要用rather than
我也不太清楚，感觉instead比较顺口，另外好像rather比较带有主观意识，不知道对不对，大家继续讨论。
帮你搜索了一下，有篇文章说：
一般but rather前面要有否定词，longman:
not ... but rather ...
used to say that one thing is not true but a different thing is true
The problem is not their lack of funding, but rather their lack of planning
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&replyID=467517&id=54125&skin=0
供参考。
找到大牛的依据了，说法同上longman，自己看看：
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&replyID=523476&id=59982&skin=0
谢谢seasnow MM!
不过,好象都是说but rather 的,前一般有not;这样在but的情况下就好区别了.
问题是,如果是在and instead 和and rather中选择,就象本题,前面也没有not,该怎么取舍? 还是搞不清.也许这种选择不会出现在题里,不过从GMAT的题看,对于INSTEAD 和 RATHER的应用还是有考察的,希望弄清,请继续指导!
谢谢先!
rather 和 instead都表示 contrast或者alternative.
可能在主客观上有区分吧.再总结总结,找找证据.谢谢.
大家什么时间考啊?
OG11-45
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”, followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
答案:A. 没问题.
但是, 如果将instead换成rather是否也对呢? 两者在这样的情况下有什么区别? 谢谢指导!
我觉得表示“不是。。。而是。。。”的对比，instead 和 not...but rather可以对换，而和rather则不可以。
我觉得区别在于not...but rather 的用法比较严格，要求完全平行的结构（因为就等于是not ... but)，而用instead则没有对结构平行的要求。如上题，若改成the economy will not fall in recession that ...， but rather will come in for a “soft landing”，我觉得应该就可以了。类似的例句在Longman里还有：The local medical men did not object, but rather commended them for their cheapness.
而instead的用法则比较灵活，longman的解释是“used to say what is done, when you have just said that a particular thing is not done”。例如上句（改动后的）也能改成：the economy will not fall in recession that ...；Instead, it will come in for a “soft landing” 或 the economy will not fall in recession that ...。 It will come in for a “soft landing” instead. 这里instead可翻译为“相反的”。而我尚没有找到rather单独表示这个意思的用法
陋见，欢迎批评
Up!!!
时态的问题，同意seasnow MM的说法，是过去的时间the year之前earlier持续的动作，隐含相对说这句或者写这句话的人现在的时间，所以用had没错。
我也同意seasnowMM的说法。谢谢两位！
Kanika recently asked, "When do we use 'rather than' and when do we use 'instead of'?"
The short answer is that in most cases, the two phrases are interchangeable, although "rather than" often has a more formal tone than "instead of."
The American Heritage Book of English Usage offers a much lengthier answer:
The phrase rather than consists of an adverb and a conjunction and often means "and not," as in I decided to skip lunch rather than eat in the cafeteria again. It is grammatically similar to sooner than in that it is used with a "bare" infinitive—an infinitive minus to: I would stay here and eat flies sooner than go with them.
Rather than can also be used with nouns as a compound preposition meaning "instead of": I bought a mountain bike rather than a ten-speed. But some people object to this use, insisting that than should be used only as a conjunction. They therefore object to constructions in which rather than is followed by a gerund, as in Rather than buying a new car, I kept my old one.
In some cases, however, rather than can only be followed by a gerund and not by a bare infinitive. If the main verb of the sentence has a form that does not allow parallel treatment of the verb following rather than, you cannot use a bare infinitive, and you must use a gerund. This is often the case when the main verb is in a past tense or has a participle. Thus, you must say The results of the study, rather than ending (not end or ended) the controversy, only added to it. If the main verb was in the present tense (add), you could use the bare infinitive end.
Curiously, when the rather than construction follows the main verb, it can use other verb forms besides the bare infinitive. Thus you can say The results of the study added to the controversy rather than ended it.
The overriding concern in all of this should be to avoid faulty parallels, as in sentences like Rather than buy a new car, I have kept my old one and Rather than take a cab, she is going on foot.
Clearly, it is grammatically defensible to follow rather than with a gerund, but if you prefer to avoid the controversy, use instead of with gerunds.
wild,
thanks very much for leting me konw American Heritage Book of English Usage..
rather than 代替instead of
not 。。。but rather
do something and instead do something
对答案本身无异议，但og对C选项的解释中说instead to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically不太理解。是不是因为instead没有对比才不idiomatical?这里and instead to come 和 to aviod the recession一起修饰the ability不也是一种意义相反的对比吗？去掉instead是不是就可以了呢？
关于过去完成时，我觉得严格从语法上来讲的确不好解释，seasnow mm的说法可以帮助理解，但不是太有说服力。我的理解是：描述过去曾经有过的想法的时候总是用过去完成时。不知各位是否见到过其它用法。
继续讨论。。。。
OG11-45
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”, followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
解释上说D的recession must be followed by that, 我的理解是that做定语从句的宾语时可以省略呀？请指教！
解释上说D的recession must be followed by that, 我的理解是that做定语从句的宾语时可以省略呀？请指教！
也许这里的THAT从句被理解为限定性定语从句，尽管从意思上来看去掉这个从句对整句话的理解没有太大损害。
关于限定性和非限定性从句我的理解是（在GMAT里）：如果是限定性就只能用THAT引导，而且THAT不能省略；如果是非限定性的，则要用WHICH引导，而且要用逗号和主句隔开。供参考
解释得挺好，觉得OG11好像就是这么解释的。但是请看这道：
OG11－77 Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounts to a sum lower than 1 percent of the $541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say （that）fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation.
amounts to less
amounted to less ,
amounted to lower
amounted to a lower sum
最后一句话也是省略了that吧？
这是一个宾语从句，而不是定语从句，限定性和非限定词从句（至少上上面我们讨论的这种）都是就定语从句而言的。
宾语从句的关系代词（that等）如果在句中作宾语，则该关系代词可以省略，但gmat中一般不省略，这个也许是个特例？如果有别的例子，告诉欧一声，继续关注中.....
以前好像有大侠说过“That引导定语从句，在从句中作表语或宾语时可省略。”
OG9.
Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science.
(A) that they believe is
(B) that they believe it to be
(C) they believe that it is of
(D) they believe that is
(E) they believe to be of
Choice E is best. The pronoun that in A and B should be deleted, since the pronoun one is sufficient to introduce the modifier and the sentence is more fluid without that.
上例中that从句同样是一个定语从句，修饰one；one是supernova explosion的同位语。
gmat中定语从句的引导词一般也不省略，不过欧需要在捉摸捉摸这一点.....
“og对C选项的解释中说instead to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically不太理解”
同问，谢谢指教
我也觉得无数题都说了：that做定语从句的宾语时可以省略，并且把没有省略的作为wordy。不知道这里怎么回事？
另外还是不明白BCDE的rather to/instead to到底怎么not complete the sentence idiomatically。是不是要用rather than，并且instead不能接to？（要是换成instead of呢？如果能够句子结构对称的话）
I don't think it will be regard as wordy not to omit the 'that' in a attributive clause. Be careful of this 'rule'.
还是没有搞懂这个题中的rather和instead是否可以互换？不行的话区别又在哪呢？
NN帮忙啊
“og对C选项的解释中说instead to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically不太理解”
同问，谢谢指教
ask again.
转如上NN的解释:
| 而instead的用法则比较灵活，longman的解释是“used to say what is done, when you have just said that a particular thing is not done”。例如上句（改动后的）也能改成：the economy will not fall in recession that ...；Instead, it will come in for a “soft landing” 或 the economy will not fall in recession that ...。 It will come in for a “soft landing” instead. 这里instead可翻译为“相反的”。而我尚没有找到rather单独表示这个意思的用法 |
排开B,C,D其他的错误不说, 只看句子结构部分,去掉B,C中间的插入语为
(B)...to aviod rather than to come...
(C)...to aviod and instead to come...
(D)...to aviod, and rather to come...
因为rather 和instead都是副词, 而副词是不可以做为连词连接两个并列的成分的,所以(B)错. 逗号+AND后必须接完整的句子, 所以(D)不对.那么(C)呢? 看了上面的讨论,我还是不能理解(C)为什么没有complete the second part idiomatically?
楼上的妹妹 我的拙见如下：
C后半部分 and instead to come是idiomatic 但是前面的部分in economy's ability recession，sth. in the earler year many had feared 是unidiomatic 首先可以看出C比A wordy ＋ability, sth.引导的这个成分 你可能要说这个是同位语 但是我觉得用that引导的限定定语从句解释recession更好 而且还有一点就是时间状语in the earlier year的位子变化了 A句修饰的是feared C句修饰的是sth. 修饰对象的不同会造成句意的不同
愚人之见 让你见笑了
解释得挺好，觉得OG11好像就是这么解释的。但是请看这道：
OG11－77 Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounts to a sum lower than 1 percent of the $541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say （that）fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation.
amounts to less
amounted to less ,
amounted to lower
amounted to a lower sum
最后一句话也是省略了that吧？
最后一句话也是省略了that吧？
,但是仍使我迷惑的是,OG11上的确是说了 "instead to come"does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically.我可能有一些不知变通, 但是确实是非常想弄清楚为什么,再次请教 ~~!!这道题我很不明白。OG10看了几遍了。从没有这道题A这种用法。首先是过去分词，其次是那个倒霉的instead(作为单一的副词确实可以这么用，但是og10里面没有用过)。 再有就是D里面的that不能省略的解释。处处都和OG10格格不入的。恳请牛人出现解释
排开B,C,D其他的错误不说, 只看句子结构部分,去掉B,C中间的插入语为
(B)...to aviod rather than to come...
(C)...to aviod and instead to come...
(D)...to aviod, and rather to come...
因为rather 和instead都是副词, 而副词是不可以做为连词连接两个并列的成分的,所以(B)错. 逗号+AND后必须接完整的句子, 所以(D)不对.那么(C)呢? 看了上面的讨论,我还是不能理解(C)为什么没有complete the second part idiomatically?
MM题目中的C少了一个逗号，应该是(C)...to aviod ,and instead to come...我的OG11里面是有逗号的
所以就和D一样了~~hehe
这里的that引导的从句怎么可能是宾语从句呢？难道宾语从句不是直接在谓语后的吗？但我觉得似乎这里也不是限定性定语从句，因为我觉得似乎confidence在这句话里面不做成分，之所以不能把that弄掉会不会因为这里that引导的是同位语呢？貌似同位语的感觉，希望nn指教
我也觉得第一个that应该是同位语从句,坚决支持楼上的!但还有一点问题这里的第二个that应该是在其引导的从句中做宾语吧?是否省掉也可以?
“og对C选项的解释中说instead to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically不太理解”
同问，谢谢指教
是不是和句子的省略有关？
顶上去！！！
they would in the past have
conceded to rivals.
(A) they would in the past have conceded to rivals
(B) they would have conceded previously to their rivals
(C) that in the past would have been conceded previously to rivals
(D) it previously would have conceded to rivals in the past
(E) it would in the past have conceded to rivals
Agreement + Rhetorical construction
When a number of words intervene between a pronoun and its referent, an error such as the one in this sentence is easy to make. The subject of the main clause is the singular noun company, which must be followed by the singular pronoun it.
A Plural pronoun they does not agree with singular the company
B Plural pronouns they and their do not agree with the company
C Previously repeats the idea of in the past, the passive voice construction is weak and ambiguous
D Use of both previously and in the past is redundant
E Correct. In this concise sentence, the singular pronoun it agrees with the singular referent the company.
OG11-05也是省略了定语从句的that引导词.
似乎省略that多半都是在OG11上,那么可不可以设想是从10版到11版的这段时间里面,书面语法已经发展到省略做宾语的that不是错误的地步了?
那么在以后做题的时候,不把这个条件做为排除错误选项的原则应该就好了吧?
到底句子的结构是怎样的？
不明白2个THAT。。什么句？
我也对had feared earlier in the year的时态感到很困惑。谢谢牛牛的指教。我现在感觉，如果是early in the year，那么应该能用过去示,只是现在用了earlier比较级，会不会问题出在这里呢？
继续讨论中……
OG里定语从句的that经常省略，而这里没有。原因可能是这个句子的修饰成份过长，为了避免歧义。正如og所说，the original sentence successfully avoids the problems that may occur in a long sentence with multiple modifiers.
另外，og中说rather to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically,是说(will)come本来是应该与will avoid并列, 而to come不能完成这个功能。
我觉得这里Instead不能与rather互换，og里只有instead of 才可与rather than 互换，并且能互换的答案都是有rather than那个。
本人拙见：confidence that..此处that 引导同位语从句对前面的抽象名词具体解释，而非定语从句。定语从句一般为修似成分，修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。此句具体化前面confidence的内容，而非修似限定什么样的confidence (e.g. strong or weak)。
语法书也介绍如何区别定语从句与同位语从句如下：
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
结合og解释和讨论的，给出个人遇见。
A 从第一个that到最后，引导宾语从句修饰confidence；第二that引导定语从句修饰，修饰recession。这个that在定语从句中是做宾语成分，但连词在定语从句中做宾语是可以省略的，这里没有省略是大家争论的焦点。没有答案到现在为止。这是正确答案，大家应该没有异议吧。
B what取代了第二个that,肯定错。the economy to avoid the recession is wordy and awkful,应该没有问题，在gmat中，不一定是一定错，而是和其他选项的比较问题，和A比较，确实没有A那么清晰。那个rather没有讨论出结果来。
C earlier in the year修饰sth,在原句中却是做状语修饰feared，套用白永的一句，改变原句的重心了。instead问题没有答案。
D 问题就在省不省第二个that.没有答案，还需要多总结，这是疑点。我有好的总结会第一时间传上来。后面的rather主要是因为，逗号隔开的and 后面要接完整的主谓结构。
E时态问题到目前为止解释不是那么完美，但也可以接受。这里的担忧是指earlier this year那段时期之前到earlier this year,现在有gain了，大家恢复信心了，还要担忧吗？
OG11-45
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”, followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
答案:A. 没问题.
但是, 如果将instead换成rather是否也对呢? 两者在这样的情况下有什么区别? 谢谢指导!
弱弱的问一下~~此处的many指代什么？？~~
从NY Times的网站上搜了一下，关于rather do和instead do有所发现。先贴几个代表性的句子出来（由于句子比较长，有些是节选）：
Rather do
The city's current contract with Microsoft is set to expire in 2008, although the city says it doesn't intend to stop using the company's products, but rather just reduce its reliance on them.
the desktop search changes would not be part of the beta, but rather would be added at a later date
her father was never taken prisoner by the Germans — a delicate issue because Stalin treated Soviet soldiers who surrendered or were taken prisoner as traitors — but rather was killed in battle in 1941.
These formations look so bizarre to the bishop as to seem not part of nature at all, but rather like vast cathedrals or the remnants of a monumental city.
Dean could not be questioned in person, but rather would only respond to written questions, or interrogatories.
instead do
instead do
instead do
The villagers' most popular explanation for centuries of tightrope walking is that the young men of the village grew bored with trekking for days to court women in a village on a neighboring mountainside, and instead came up with a shortcut.
who openly criticizes antiretroviral medicines and instead has promoted lemons, garlic and potatoes as AIDS treatments.
but he disagreed with leaders who want a full embargo against Fidel Castro's government and instead called for allowing travel and money to the island.
He repeated a similar message at the largely white Saddleback megachurch, telling the congregation that they should stop preaching abstinence only and instead promote condom use.
上面的句子都是NY Times2007年最新的句子，其时效性和正确性应该问题不大。总结对比了一下，发现rather和instead的确都可以直接修饰do，但是用法有所区别：
not do…(,) (but) Rather do
negative word(stop/avoid)/not do…(,)(and) instead do….
可见rather do和instead do在意思上和用法上还是有区别。
1）rather可能更强调对比和转折，如：不要喝牛奶，rather喝酸奶，有了rather的修饰我们可以认为句子的重要内容在后面，所以往往用but连接：如同中文中“但是”后面的东西比较关键。
2）instead对比的往往是negtive word后面的东西，如本题，不是和avoid对比，而是和recession对比。这样instead do的内容和avoid do的内容其实是并列关系，所以用and连接，句子的重心是均匀的。
3）目前发现的例子里都没有使用instead/rather to do的，初步说明可能这就是习惯用法，就像可以说can do，但不能说can to do。这种东西可能就说不清楚了。还望大家能提供更多的论据，支持或者颠覆这种观点。
综上，我觉得B和C错在instead/rather to do是idiomatical,而D不但用了rather to do还用了and rather
不知道我的这种理解对不对，还望大家批评指正。
时态的问题，同意seasnow MM的说法，是过去的时间the year之前earlier持续的动作，隐含相对说这句或者写这句话的人现在的时间，所以用had没错。
时态的问题拙见如下：
1）如上所述，earlier有一个隐含的比较。这道题强调的就是比较，一个转变。从这道题的题干我们可以猜测动作先后顺序是这样的：1 fear recession，2 grow confidence，3 gains in股票市场reflect growing confidence。所以在整个过程中有三个时点，其中两个（1、2）发生在过去，一个在year中，一个在earlier in the year（这里不是说在一年中较早的时候，否则用earlier this year就可以了，并且用past tense）。针对这种情况最好的就是过去完成时，OG11对过去完成时的解释是：（it）“show the order of two events that took place in the past.”
2）past tense也是可以接受的。注意比较D和E的解释，D用了were fearing，是“wrong tense”；但是E用的是were feared，OG只说了“The passive voice construction...is weak and wordy”，没有说时态有错误。如果这道题只有两个时态的比较，那大家将非常痛苦。索性的是OG也认为这是一种惨绝人寰的做法，所以在每个干扰选项里都加入了其他较为明显的错误。我认为在真实考试中这种模糊的时态成为关键因素的几率应该是比较小的，大家不必过于care。
愚见让大家见笑了。
不知道ls能不能提供点OG11里支持做宾语时that可以省略的例子呢？如果语法上没有问题，我的愚见：可能是省略会引起歧义。
因为and instead come in for前面有两个n（pronoun），一个是the economy，一个是many。原文的意思是the economy做主语，come in for是 (will)come in for和will aviod并列，加入that引起歧义的可能比较小；但是如果去掉that，从形式上一眼望去就增加了理解成many had feared...and instead come in for...的可能性。
不知道理解的对不对。欢迎指正。
instead:
WEBSTER'S解释:
instead: adv
1 : as a substitute or equivalent *was going to write but called instead*
2 : as an alternative to something expressed or implied : RATHER *longed instead for a quiet country life*
instead of
(preposition)
in place of : as a substitute for or alternative to *chose tea instead of coffee*
所以,可以总结为:
instead of +noun.
sub will instead verb
一点拙见
instead of of是介词,后面要接名词,
rather than 是连词, 作为连词比介词用的到的时候要多很多,在GMAT考试中,更倾向于使用rather than
OG11-45
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”, followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
答案:A. 没问题.
但是, 如果将instead换成rather是否也对呢? 两者在这样的情况下有什么区别? 谢谢指导!
同问,instead可以换rather么,二者到底有啥区别阿,请NN指点,谢谢.
结合og解释和讨论的，给出个人遇见。
A 从第一个that到最后，引导宾语从句修饰confidence；第二that引导定语从句修饰，修饰recession。这个that在定语从句中是做宾语成分，但连词在定语从句中做宾语是可以省略的，这里没有省略是大家争论的焦点。没有答案到现在为止。这是正确答案，大家应该没有异议吧。
B what取代了第二个that,肯定错。the economy to avoid the recession is wordy and awkful,应该没有问题，在gmat中，不一定是一定错，而是和其他选项的比较问题，和A比较，确实没有A那么清晰。那个rather没有讨论出结果来。
C earlier in the year修饰sth,在原句中却是做状语修饰feared，套用白永的一句，改变原句的重心了。instead问题没有答案。
D 问题就在省不省第二个that.没有答案，还需要多总结，这是疑点。我有好的总结会第一时间传上来。后面的rather主要是因为，逗号隔开的and 后面要接完整的主谓结构。
E时态问题到目前为止解释不是那么完美，但也可以接受。这里的担忧是指earlier this year那段时期之前到earlier this year,现在有gain了，大家恢复信心了，还要担忧吗？
问：what为什么取代不了第二个that呢
同问,instead可以换rather么,二者到底有啥区别阿,请NN指点,谢谢.
顶上来!也问rather 和 instead 的区别；此外，题目里come in for是什么意思？
这道题型是考 THAT和并列
第一个AVOID和COME IN是并列的，这里的INSTEAD不是INSTEAD OF，没有必要去遵守什么，NOT..BUT>RATHER THANT>INSTEAD OF,可以检查一下你们手里XDF的笔记，老师如何写的就要认真去执行，第二THAT，看面的句子，THAT是FEAR后面的宾语，用THAT肯定对。XDF笔记里有THAT必须要是一种成分，否则THAT可以省略！
B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come 用WHAT来指代RECESSION一个词是不是有问题？！所以选B肯定不成立
C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
看见ABILITY我就很反感，XDF老师说过尽量不要出现这些抽象名词，后面指代也不清楚，什么叫STH.
D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
XDF笔记里有时态不要乱改！WERE FEARING，很恐怖的！
E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead comi
XDF笔记好好看看，OG好好读读，就知道绝对不选被动了！呵呵！这样解释清楚了发！
in‧stead
used to say what is done, when you have just said that a particular thing is not done:
问一下..
A, had feared
D. were fearing
E. was feared
怎么分辨. 为什么OG中解释: were fearing "is wrong tense"? was feared "is weak and wordy"?
问一下..
A, had feared
D. were fearing
E. was feared
怎么分辨. 为什么OG中解释: were fearing "is wrong tense"? was feared "is weak and wordy
感觉 were fearing 多别扭啊，正在害怕吗？
was feared 后面有个earlier in the year 不能用过去时
had feared 是从过去一直持续到earlier in the year ，所以用过去完成时
个人理解
这里并不是rather than。而仅仅讨论的是instead和rather的区别。
区别就在于：instead可以表示一种对比。看柯林斯字典的解释：2
[ADV] ADV with cl
If you do not do something, but do something else instead, you do the second thing and not the first thing, as the result of a choice or a change of behaviour.
而rather并没有表示对比的意思。还是见柯林斯字典的解释：2
[ADV] ADV with cl/group
You use rather when you are correcting something that you have just said, especially when you are describing a particular situation after saying what it is not.
4
[ADV] ADV adj/adv, ADV a n, ADV compar, ADV too adj/adv, ADV prep
You use rather to indicate that something is true to a fairly great extent, especially when you are talking about something unpleasant or undesirable.
5
[ADV] ADV before v
You use rather before verbs that introduce your thoughts and feelings, in order to express your opinion politely, especially when a different opinion has been expressed.
I rather think he was telling the truth...
按照原文，是要表示一种对比，因此，rather不能代替instead.
当然，rather than是表示对比的意思，但是选项中并没有出现。还是见柯林斯字典的解释：
You use rather than when you are contrasting two things or situations. Rather than introduces the thing or situation that is not true or that you do not want.
还请仔细体会英文释义。
结合og解释和讨论的，给出个人遇见。
A 从第一个that到最后，引导宾语从句修饰confidence；第二that引导定语从句修饰，修饰recession。这个that在定语从句中是做宾语成分，但连词在定语从句中做宾语是可以省略的，这里没有省略是大家争论的焦点。没有答案到现在为止。这是正确答案，大家应该没有异议吧。
B what取代了第二个that,肯定错。the economy to avoid the recession is wordy and awkful,应该没有问题，在gmat中，不一定是一定错，而是和其他选项的比较问题，和A比较，确实没有A那么清晰。那个rather没有讨论出结果来。
C earlier in the year修饰sth,在原句中却是做状语修饰feared，套用白永的一句，改变原句的重心了。instead问题没有答案。
D 问题就在省不省第二个that.没有答案，还需要多总结，这是疑点。我有好的总结会第一时间传上来。后面的rather主要是因为，逗号隔开的and 后面要接完整的主谓结构。
E时态问题到目前为止解释不是那么完美，但也可以接受。这里的担忧是指earlier this year那段时期之前到earlier this year,现在有gain了，大家恢复信心了，还要担忧吗？
像confidence这样的抽象名词是不是后面一定要加that引导的同位语从句才行？这样子的话就很容易的排除掉BCD这三个选项了。望高人指点！
像confidence这样的抽象名词是不是后面一定要加that引导的同位语从句才行？这样子的话就很容易的排除掉BCD这三个选项了。望高人指点！
confidence in sth.
LONGMAN:
Our first priority is to maintain the customer's confidence in our product.
The survey reveals a general lack of confidence in the police.
She had complete confidence in the young nurse.
confidence in sth. to do.. 一定错.
OG 解释中: Ｂ，the economy to avoid the recession is AWKWARD AND UNCLEAR.
C 中， confidence in the economy's ability to... 改变句子重心． 变成对..ability 有信心了．
有个问题， ：
ＯＧ解释中：D, the recession must be followed by that
the recession that many had feared earlier in the year中recession 在从句中不是作宾语吗? 不可以省略吗?
confidence in sth.
LONGMAN:
Our first priority is to maintain the customer's confidence in our product.
The survey reveals a general lack of confidence in the police.
She had complete confidence in the young nurse.
confidence in sth. to do.. 一定错.
OG 解释中: Ｂ，the economy to avoid the recession is AWKWARD AND UNCLEAR.
C 中， confidence in the economy's ability to... 改变句子重心． 变成对..ability 有信心了．
恩，agree，太感谢了
有个不明白，
reflect growing confidence that...
that引导的句子算什么部分？宾语部分么？
我觉得confidence 后面应该加上介词in才对。
楼上已经详细解释了这个应该是同位语从句，补充说明confidence，而不是限定修饰confidence的
这是一个很好的贴，讨论了很多很深的问题，看后让我多多受益--谢谢前辈们！
C项instead to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically
因为instead只能做副词当修饰成分，假如改为instead to，则句子结构变为
the economy will avoid... and (will) to come...
一不平行，二语法上也不对
“og对C选项的解释中说instead to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically不太理解”
我也想问这个啊，则么对这个的解释这么少？
我比较同意那个构不成平行对称的说法，有没有NN来确认一下啊
第二个that的问题还是没解决啊，这里不省略that，是不是为了防止歧义呢？？？急！！！
我的问题是：
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing,"
followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
最后的followed...是伴随状语么？是修饰从句的，还是修饰主句？？
还没明白OG对B和rather to 和instead to 的解释
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