ChaseDream
标题: 【阅读】10/15起约杜寂静整理（10.26更新，47篇原始，45篇考古 [打印本页]
作者: huajiananhai 时间: 2018-10-15 14:08
标题: 【阅读】10/15起约杜寂静整理（10.26更新，47篇原始，45篇考古
目录一、 【考古】dust grain
二、 【考古】English law
三、 【考古】男女收入gap
四、 【考古】国家公园
五、 【考古】埃及
六、 【考古】生命和细菌
七、 【考古】ROI
八、 【考古】Corporate tax
九、 【考古】印第安水权
十、 【考古】田纳西
十一、 【考古】恐龙和沼泽
十二、 【考古】恐龙灭绝
十三、 【暂无考古】地图
十四、 【考古】河流蒸发
十五、 【考古】花青素
十六、 【考古】Lyme疫苗
十七、 【考古】黑人女性选举权
十八、 【新增考古】sphere 【新增考古】
十九、 【考古】黑洞
二十、 【考古】建筑师
二十一、 【考古】女性地位
二十二、 【考古】Teardown
二十三、 【考古】俄国女权
二十四、 【考古】猴子实验
二十五、 【暂无考古】外来物种
二十六、 【考古】Shrub
二十七、 【考古】女权1500
二十八、 【考古】太阳云
二十九、 【考古】双语学习
三十、 【考古】Copyright law
三十一、 【考古】两地雕塑
三十二、 【考古】Supernova
三十三、 【考古】护士
三十四、 【考古】GDP和女性
三十五、 【考古】加拿大铁路
三十六、【考古】bundling
三十七、【新增考古】中国移民
三十八、【考古】cost disease
三十九、【考古】乳酸
四十、【考古】efficient assortment
四十一、【考古】score card
四十二、【考古】黑人artisan
四十三、【考古】birds incubator
四十四、【考古】cartel
四十五、【考古】日本男女工资差距
四十六、【考古】chimpanzee
四十七、【考古】左右脑和选座
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2018-10-15起寂静整理汇总
【原始汇总】10/15起原始狗汇总 by Cinderella灰
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1329978-1-1.html
【数学】10/15起数学寂静原始稿 by qv0518
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1329974-1-1.html
【数学讨论稿1-100】10/15起数学讨论稿 by 茕君
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1329997-1-1.html
【数学讨论稿101-200】2018-10-15起数学讨论稿 by irissunflower
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1330314-1-1.html
【逻辑】10/15起逻辑寂静整理 by gin.gins
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1329863-1-1.html
【阅读】10/15起阅读整理 by huajiananhai
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1329981-1-1.html
【语法】10/15起愈发寂静整理 by lalalyouyou
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1329998-1-1.html
【IR】10/15起IR寂静整理 by Super鳄鱼杭
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1330017-1-1.html
【作文】10/15起作文寂静整理 by qv0518
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1329975-1-1.html
作者: awsd987654 时间: 2018-10-15 14:09
前排坐等，如果有人发现和某个库特别像麻烦告知一下哈，谢谢啦
作者: wingsyi屠G 时间: 2018-10-15 14:50
后天考试的内心焦灼，感谢即将放狗的cder
作者: bj2004 时间: 2018-10-15 15:29
同后天考
作者: 16号杀鸡成功！ 时间: 2018-10-15 15:56
明天考快哭了
作者: 南风吹 时间: 2018-10-15 16:22
16号杀鸡成功！！
作者: wonggeek 时间: 2018-10-15 16:46
同后天考，心态有些崩
作者: 西瓜南瓜傻瓜 时间: 2018-10-15 17:23
19号烤
作者: 小栗子上700 时间: 2018-10-15 17:27
鸡精几天能看完啊 19号考的还来得及吗
作者: 关耳君 时间: 2018-10-15 17:37
同后天考
作者: stormfit 时间: 2018-10-15 18:51
同意！
作者: BlueJN 时间: 2018-10-15 21:46
。。。。我。。。。。北美15号考。。。谁更惨？？？国内换裤了竟然。。。。。凉凉
作者: joii 时间: 2018-10-15 22:12
26号考 现在慌得一笔...怎么不再撑几天啊 难受
作者: Captian丶K 时间: 2018-10-15 22:50
后天考！大家一起加油！心态稳住!
作者: lorgmat 时间: 2018-10-15 23:48
大家加油
作者: 蒙萌Odile 时间: 2018-10-16 07:35
请问补充寂静如何发送给楼主呀？
作者: oliver11 时间: 2018-10-16 08:06
25号考换库可能性是不是很大啊
作者: Mikepei 时间: 2018-10-16 09:50
18号考试
作者: Captian丶K 时间: 2018-10-16 10:33
第一篇寂静里 红光是短波呀，dust阻碍短波后，咋红光能抵达地球呢
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-16 10:40
https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/51/2/95/394211
Humans as Global Plant Dispersers: Getting More Than We Bargained For: Current introductions of species for aesthetic purposes present the largest single challenge for predicting which plant immigrants will become future pests
Richard N. Mack W. Mark Lonsdale
BioScience, Volume 51, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 95–102,
Published: 01 February 2001
讲一个公园有了很多non-indigenous species的植物，一些闲人认为是因为公园的游客太多造成的（不知道为什么，好像是说因为游客来玩儿破坏原有生态环境，形成了一些外来品种适合生长的环境）。这闲人举例说，比如，某某公园游客很多，也长了些杂草／非本地植物。这时，另一人跳出来说是公园本来的生态条件而非游人造成了异类植物繁殖，说某些大公园的生态本来就很多样化，从而造成杂草丛生。后来还举了例子，最后建议公园管理人员多去寻找并ｅｒａｄｉｃａｔｅ ｗｅｅｄｓ，而不要限制人们游园。
Humans also play both accidental and deliberate roles in moving weeds around a continent, and conservation areas are certainly not immune to this dispersal. Conservationists have often expressed alarm at the capacity for visitors to bring weed seeds unwittingly on their vehicles or clothing into national parks. But this alarm has been raised with little careful investigation. Although seeds are often carried on vehicles or clothing, the significance of this movement for the growth and spread of weed floras in parks is still unknown. Suggestive evidence was provided by Macdonald and colleagues (1989). They showed that the number of visitors to North American and South African national parks was positively correlated with the number of exotic species. Lonsdale (1999) reanalyzed their data to correct for the fact that bigger parks, which most likely contain more environmental heterogeneity and thus could support more nonindigenous species, also would tend to have more visitors. Even after correcting for the effect of park size, the evidence supported the conclusion drawn by Macdonald and colleagues (1989). However, this result still does not mean that we are witnessing a direct effect of visitors bringing seeds into the parks—it could be that the pressure of hordes of visitors creates disturbances within the parks in which weeds can flourish (Lonsdale 1999). In any case, such information may have little significance for management. Lonsdale and Lane (1994) showed that most cars entering K**u National Park in tropical Australia had zero or one seed, suggesting that any attempt to institute quarantine screening of vehicles would result in largely fruitless searches. Resources, they contended, would be better directed at searching for and eradicating weed outbreaks in the park.
作者: 贤良221 时间: 2018-10-16 11:27
16号首考！球球不要墨菲定律！好事发生吧！大家都杀g成功吧！
作者: 木合合 时间: 2018-10-16 12:09
+1 求求大家救救孩子
作者: 阿尔朵拉 时间: 2018-10-16 12:37
菌菌菌菌~~第23题问的第150个数字是什么。这个怎么理解？我第一反应是135791113...999这个数字从左往右数第150个数字是什么？
作者: Elizabeth_Sue 时间: 2018-10-16 14:48
刚刚看有个帖子说考了一篇考古的阅读 考的是印第安人水权那个，什么irrigation sufficient的
作者: nddddo 时间: 2018-10-16 16:57
明天考，菌菌晚上能再更一波吗
作者: stormfit 时间: 2018-10-16 18:02
我今天阅读考到生命的形态了
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-16 18:56
能回忆一些原文关键词吗？
作者: wpx 时间: 2018-10-16 20:48
。。这个是历史最难阅读了。
作者: 相信自己Yo 时间: 2018-10-16 21:38
请问如果掉进低分裤了，还有可能见到这些阅读题嘛？
作者: Mikepei 时间: 2018-10-16 22:07
考的咋样
作者: 木合合 时间: 2018-10-16 22:31
求更新呐
作者: Michelle1229 时间: 2018-10-17 10:53
謝謝樓主
作者: Kwoncey 时间: 2018-10-17 16:43
就是这些数字从左向右数第150位数字，是1！
作者: ClaW_ 时间: 2018-10-17 18:29
第十三篇， 在prep上面看到过类似，不知道是不是这个
Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure, resources and population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans' first encounters with Native Americans and took many form: missionaries' field sketches, explorers' drawings, and surveyors' maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers. Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral reports, and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letter, diaries, and official reports; accordingly, the accuracy of these maps is especially dependent on the mapmakers' own interpretive abilities.
Many existing maps also reflect the 150-year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in administering tribal lands. Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned directly from Native Americans, rarely has Native American cartography contributed to this official record, which has been compiled, surveyed, and authenticated by non-Native Americans. Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects the origins of the data, the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in United States government policy and in non-Native Americans' attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans.
作者: 抱枕 时间: 2018-10-17 19:07
感谢分享啊啊啊啊啊太有用了
作者: Nicole3366 时间: 2018-10-17 19:37
提供狗的构筑说是的！
作者: Nicole3366 时间: 2018-10-17 19:38
请问有人想得起在哪里做过ROI那篇吗？好熟悉好熟悉啊！！
作者: 努力努力为自己 时间: 2018-10-18 09:24
Mark一下
作者: hhsjejejekk700 时间: 2018-10-18 12:11
看一下
作者: 呆呔呔呔呔 时间: 2018-10-18 14:19
我在想25和26是不是同一篇？
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-18 14:25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Review: The Nurse Question
Reviewed Works: American Nursing: A Biographical Dictionary by Vern Bullough, Olga Maranjian Church, Alice P. Stein;Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850-1945 by Susan M. Reverby;A Zeal for Responsibility: The Struggle for Professional Nursing in Victorian England, 1868-1883 by Judith Moore; Angels and Citizens: British Women as Military Nurses, 1854-1914 by Anne Summers; Images of Nurses: Perspectives from History, Art and Literature by Anne Hudson Jones; Nurses' Work, the Sacred and the Profane by Zane Robinson Wolf
Review by: Regina Morantz-Sanchez
The Women's Review of Books
Vol. 6, No. 4 (Jan., 1989), pp. 12-14 (3 pages)
Published by: Old City Publishing, Inc.
第一段：关于护士行业AR 的<ordering of XX>书很有名，AR 的观点是19 世纪的护士改革 和技术发展对护士的地位和概念产生了 dreamatic 的影响，AR 对 the ideology of nurses profession 进行研究。但是最近的研究反驳了这一观点。在 18 世纪护士被看作女人的工作 主要原因是其自身的"nature"决定 的，并非女人在后来的 rights 运动中获得的。人们都认 为妇女从事nursing 是他们的天性（nature）和义务（duty）。（有题 “natural”是要说明什 么？）由于女性的地位低，导致这个职业的地位也低，工资也低。（有问护士职业地位的， 比较明显易找。）又说女性无论是在家里 相夫教子还是在医院照料病人本质是一样的，段 中列举了原因。（尽管护士这个行当职业化了,ideology of this profession 还是一直没怎么 变。）
Susan Reverby’s Ordered to Care is the most comprehensive historical study among these works. Like its predecessor, Barbara Melosh’s “The Physician’s Hand" (Temple University Press, 1982), Reverby’s book makes great strides toward demonstrating the centrality of nursing history to the concerns of social historians. Reverby skillfully intermingles women’s history, labor history and medical history; she also uses the history of nursing in America to speculate on larger issues about the place of caring in our society — issues of concern to feminist scholars from a variety of disciplines.
According to Reverby, perhaps the most salient fact about the occupation of nursing has been its traditional conceptualization as women’s work, an association which has had a dramatic impact both on the nature of the tasks nurses perform and on the status of the profession. She painstakingly demonstrates how the ideology which came to dominate nursing grew, not out of a belief in women’s rights, but from eighteenth and nineteenth century understandings of womanly character and duty.
Before 1870, nursing took place either in the home, where women nursed their loved ones as an extension of their familial obligations, or in hospitals, which were large, custodial institutions for the dependent poor. Although the quality of care in each of these settings differed enormously — hospital nurses were at the bottom of the paid labor hierarchy and and were occasionally convalescing patients themselves —what both situations had in common was the assumption that women were “naturals” for the job.
Even after 1870, when scientific and medical advances and social and economic changes hastened the development of nursing as skilled paid labor, the ideology of nursing changed very little True, leaders in nursing education committed themselves to the assumptions and language of professionalization: now being a woman was necessary, but not sufficient, for becoming a nurse. But their vision — the establishment of elite training schools to teach the technical and supportive elements of health care no longer attended to by the rapidly specializing physician — never managed to liberate nursing from' its subordinate status within the emerging hierarchy of health care personnel.
It’s not that nursing leaders didn’t try. They advocated an elevated standard of education, controlled by women, which emphasized character training and strict hierarchical discipline. They pictured nursing as a respectable answer to the middle-class dilemma of how to educate daughters. They were pleased to be aided in their efforts by hospital administrators and doctors themselves, who understood that the movement to upgrade and standardize nursing education would support their own plans for reforming medicine.
第三段，AR 同学却认为，这三方的目的不能达成统一（divergent 此处有考题）。比如医院 管理者支 持培训护士，是为了控制更便宜的劳动力的来源，MS 是忽视技术高就要求高薪还 是不听话，反正医院管理者对护士学校有意见。医生支持护士培训，是为了把更多 此类工 作转移给护士，并且凸现医生的地位，但是不允许护士喧宾夺主，护士只能做辅助医生的工 作。而学校设立者的初衷无法实现，失去了对护士学校的控制 权。（意思就是说，改变护 士社会地位和认知的理想没有实现。）
第三段讲医院、医生和另一个什么(简称A)一共三方对护士教育的看法，医生希望护士接受教育能够更好地协助他们，但是认为护士教育不需要教授科学原理，并且护士的角色应该是submissive的，而A则夺取了对护士教育的控制权，决定了教授什么内容以及教育质量等等。
But the goals of the three groups, Reverby argues, were radially divergent. Hospital administrators quickly realized that a training school attached to their own institution could become an endless source of cheap and malleable labor. Doctors saw nursing education as a way of rationalizing care in the hospital, but they opposed any move to bolster nurses’ control of their own labor or improve their scientific skills, arguing that nurses should remain stereotypically submissive, nurturing and self-sacrificing. As hospital exigencies quickly came to dominate the decision-making process in more and more of the training schools, nursing leaders gradually lost control over the quality of education, admission standards and the labor of students on the wards.
In describing these conflicts, Reverby is particularly adept at tracing the delicate interplay of gender and class. As the American labor market grew more and more segmented on the basis of sex, the female occupation of nursing eventually attracted both middle-class and working-class women. But nurses from different classes were tracked toward different and unequal opportunities within the field, leading to conflicting goals and visions among the leadership and the rank and file.
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-18 15:26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
How Ecosystems Respond to Stress: Common properties of arid and aquatic systems
David J. Rapport and Walter G. Whitford
BioScience
Vol. 49, No. 3 (March 1999), pp. 193-203
Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences
https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/49/3/193/242486
Nearly all ecosystems are subject to periodic disturbances by natural events, such as flood, fire, drought, and insect infestation (Vogl 1980). When such perturbations are extreme, ecosystems of immense complexity undergo rapid transformation to systems of remarkable simplicity that are characterized by a scarcity of life forms and few or no symbiotic interactions. However, this transformation sets the stage for recovery, which allows the ecosystem to adapt to changing environments (Holling 1986). In healthy systems, therefore, these perturbations are seldom more than a temporary setback, and recovery is generally rapid (Odum 1969). By contrast to natural disturbances, anthropogenic stress is not a revitalizing agent, but a debilitating one. Stressed ecosystems do not recover; rather, further degradation may follow. Indeed, Odum et al. (1979) defined stress as a debilitating agent and perturbation (subsidy) as potentially beneficial.
一种shrub入侵，因为有extensive roots跟native grass抢水资源，导致进一步恶化。哪怕人们后来人工控制shrub，也只是暂时的。
Physical restructuring also occurred as three or more species of shrubs and small trees expanded from their original, limited habitat and cover to dominate extensive areas of the desert grassland (Hastings and Turner 1965, Bahre and Shelton 1993). Shrub establishment contributes directly to changes in landscape hydrology (Martinez-Meza and Whitford 1996). Shrubs also contribute to the demise of grasses through their effects on rainfall distribution and by competition for soil water through their spatially extensive root systems.
问题1：为什么会发生initial invasion。我选的是，因为以前的土地unvegetated；
在这里有个考点就是（After “initial invasion”, the shrub就开始怎么怎么抢水，蔓延，优势等等。。。）问，文中“initial invasion”打引号的原因是什么。应该是个结构题
This lack of recovery of North American desert grasslands suggests that a self-reinforcing process comes into play as a consequence of the initial invasion of the shrubs (Roundy and Biedenbender 1995). With invasion, "resource islands" are created underneath the shrubs, as discussed previously, that create conditions for further desertification by denying nutrients to areas outside the shrub anopy. This effect leads in turn to bare patches that foster further erosion by wind and water. The shrublands are also well adapted to natural perturbations, further reinforcing their existence. In experiments in which creosote bushes were subjected to complete elimination of summer rainfall for 5 consecutive years, the drought-stressed plants not only recovered but produced new growth equivalent to that of unstressed controls within 1 month after a large rain following the removal of the "rain-out" shelter cover (Whitford et al. 1995).
In addition, the original desert grasslands were governed by the integrity of the soils that support black grama grasses. Damage to these soils (compaction and exposure), largely as a result of overgrazing, opened up unvegetated spaces, which were more vulnerable to wind and soil erosion, providing space for invading shrubs. Soil erosion now appears to have led to a positive feedback system that maintains desertification (Grover and Musick 1990).
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-18 20:33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Why Leaves Turn Red: Pigments called anthocyanins probably protect leaves from light damage by direct shielding and by scavenging free radicals
David W. Lee and Kevin S. Gould
American Scientist
Vol. 90, No. 6 (NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2002), pp. 524-531 (8 pages)
Published by: Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society
Many forests, like those spread throughout New England, have just changed color in a spectacular way, as they do each fall. The phenomenon is familiar as well as dramatic, yet why it should happen has been a longstanding enigma. When we were in school, the standard textbooks said that foliage changes color because the breakdown of green chlorophyll molecules unmasks other pigments, like the yellow-to-orange xanthophylls and the red-or-blue anthocyanins, which, we were told, serve no particular function during the autumn senescence of leaves. Now botanists know better.
Indeed, a completely new appreciation for these colorful pigments has developed over the past decade or so, in part from our studies of trees in the Harvard Forest, a nature sanctuary in central Massachusetts maintained for scientific research. There, during September and October, one sees the leaves on dozens of woody species changing color. In some plants, such as the witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), it is indeed the loss of chlorophyll that reveals yellow carotenoid pigments, just as the textbooks say. However, for the forest’s 70 percent of tree species that contain anthocyanin pigments (which produce colors ranging from brown to red, depending on how much chlorophyll the leaves retain), the story is quite different. For example, the brilliant fall foliage of the red oak (Quercus rubra) results from the accumulation of anthocyanin in the vacuoles (large, fluid-filled cavities) of cells lying just under the leaves’ upper epidermis layer.
Anthocyanins are elaborate pigment molecules, widespread among land plants. They account not only for the autumn hues of temperate woodlands, but also for the flushes of developing red foliage seen in tropical forests, on the undersurface of shaded leaves and in crop plants suffering drought or nutrient deficiency. But plants can also have other red pigments. Carotenoids, often rhodoxanthin, produce red color in the senescing leaves of some conifers as well as in the common box (Buxas sempervirens), which decorates many suburban lawns. Betalain pigments color leaves red in a single order of flowering plants, and a few other miscellaneous pigments produce burgundy hues in very rare cases. But of all the red pigments, the anthocyanins are the most widespread.
We have collaborated in studying anthocyanin pigments since 1993 and are beginning to develop some working hypotheses about their function. It’s curious that an understanding has been so long in coming, given the fact these red pigments have been subjected to scientific scrutiny for nearly 200 years.
The Discovery of Anthocyanins
1段：A和落叶边红有管。德国植物学家先提出，A保护秋天的植物的新陈代谢. 但限于当时技术水平，无法证实。后来有人做实验推测A可能吸收UV-B.
Anthocyanins had been observed for centuries as ”colored cell sap.” In 1835 the German botanist Ludwig Marquart gave them their name, deriving anthocyanin from the Greek anthos, meaning flower, and kyanos, meaning blue. Many long-standing misconceptions about anthocyanin function date from these early observations, notably that these pigments arise from the breakdown of chlorophyll during autumn.
Given how striking and attractive red foliage is, it may seem baffling that botanists remained ignorant about the phenomenon for so long. There are various reasons for this. First, because anthocyanins are responsible for the colors of fruits and flowers as well as of leaves, it was natural to concentrate on pigmentation in the former economically important organs, for which the function of anthocyanin seems obvious—to attract animals for pollination and seed dispersal. Second, because the discoveries of Richard Willstatter and his colleagues about the molecular structure of anthocyanins from 1912 to 1916 were made shortly after the rediscovery of Mendel’s laws of inheritance, the anthocyanins became an early subject of research in molecular genetics, rather than physiology. (Mendel’s peas had distinctively colored flowers because of anthocyanins.) Third, the discovery that light can in— duce anthocyanin production inspired molecular biologists to study how light exposure activates genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis, again at the expense of research into anthocyanin function.
Botanists of the late 19th-century, most notably the Germans who studied plant anatomy and physiology, noticed that anthocyanin production rises when a plant is subjected to low temperatures and high light conditions. This observation led to the popular explanations that anthocyanins protect the photosynthetic structures against intense sunlight and help to warm leaves by increasing their rates of metabolism. These scientists lacked the instrumentation and detailed knowledge of photosynthesis to test their ideas. In the mid-20th century, investigators became aware that ultraviolet (UV) radiation could induce anthocyanin synthesis, leading to the hypothesis that anthocyanins protect plant tissues against UV damage. But, as it turns out, anthocyanins absorb rather weakly in the UV-B region of the spectrum (wavelengths of 285—320 nanometers), which is most responsible for damage to biological tissues; other colorless flavonoid pigments that are equally, or more, abundant in the leaves absorb UV-B much more sh'ongly. Furthermore, anthocyanins are most commonly produced in the interiors of leaves and hence are poorly placed to protect leaves from the widespread effects of UV—B. These weaknesses were refuted by one of us (Lee) in 1987. So what good are anthocyanins to a leaf? Two recent discoveries have shed light on the mystery.
作者: 高不可攀大博 时间: 2018-10-19 09:52
感谢楼主的整理！辛苦啦！
作者: 红豆乱 时间: 2018-10-19 14:08
机经里的考古是什么意思呀？
作者: F1nn 时间: 2018-10-19 20:24
就是以前考过的意思，是旧题
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-19 21:56
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-09/gsoa-dr091506.php
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-20 07:52
华人移民community（暂无考古）(3)
本月原始
V1（by Eno）最后一篇，超级长的一篇 两屏 讲华人移民美国
第一段讲除了以同样的姓为聚集的clan之外还有一种community叫做。。chuan kuan之类的 拼写可能不对但是长得差不多是这样的一个东西，很像拼音但是不知道怎么念。。这个community是由来自同一个region的移民者组成的，然后后来几个chuan community组成了一个新的组织。。这个组织叫啥我忘了。。这个大的组织有什么什么功能，比如loan agent 什么的。有一道细节题，以下哪个不是这个组织的特点，答案是由姓氏相同的人组成 这个有点混乱，我一时想不起来是问的chuan还是大的，，如果是问的大的，答案就是由来自同一个region的人 组成 大家看仔细一点就可以 就是混淆了另一个组织的特点进来。
第二段讲这个大的组织代表member去跟local政府交涉 blabla
第三段讲一个minor commuity 同样的culture，语言等等使他们更团结 同时来自不同地方的差异使他们有conflicts ，有一道题问以下哪项正确，我选的是both conflicts and solidity will be influenced by lingustics
第四段讲这个community有个什么service 大概是充当中间人intermediarie 作者探讨他们的Motivation 是因为归属感。。非常长 记得不清楚了 这里有题问以下哪一项会削弱作者他们的motivation的结论
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-20 08:03
第一段说在美国的菲律宾移民和中国等其他国家的移民不一样。中国移民都是把姓放在前面，把名字写在后面（补充：说中国移民在入境后都会affiliated them by region, dialect等等，而且会grew 成一个nation identity），这是强烈的national feeling造成的。而菲律宾移民不是；第二段分析原因，菲律宾岛屿众多，比较分散，各地风情、语言都不同，造成整个民族没什么统一性。后面举了个例子，说调查了两组菲律宾移民，一组现任美国士兵，属于生活比较好的，一组是最底层人，尽管这些人现在的生活环境不同，但由于他们来自菲律宾的同一个地方，还是有很多共性的。文章最后又说菲律宾人也比较容易受美国道德观念的影响。（补充：比较的这两组人好像是1675年前入境的；然后又说新入境的菲人虽然....但是他们的背景还很不同，要注意强对比）
题目：新入境的菲人有何character？中国人与菲人的不同？其它的不记得了。
作者: 淮南山月 时间: 2018-10-20 12:16
【一点宇宙射线和地球云层的背景知识。。】
宇宙射线在地球云层形成过程中有着重要的作用及影响,其密度的变化情况可以用来解释气候变化情况。近日，丹麦的科学家公布了他们的新发现。
研究人员在最新发表的研究报告中称，宇宙射线密度的变化情况可以用来解释气候变化情况。
“经过努力，我们终于解开了最后一块问题拼图，终于研究发现了空间粒子是如何影响地球气候的，”研究员亨里希·史文斯马克说。
研究人员认为，宇宙射线帮助形成了覆盖地球的云层。
丹麦技术大学的科学家研究发现，太空中的宇宙射线对着地球倾泻而下，增加了地球大气层中的粒子数量，促进了云凝结核的形成及增多。
大气层中的云凝结核数量直接影响着云团的形成，而云团又会对地球气候产生影响。
云凝结核一般是由空气中悬浮的气溶胶、分子团形成的。
气溶胶能够对气候造成影响
雾、霾、尘埃及烟气都是常见的气溶胶。气溶胶是指大气与悬浮在其中的固体和液体微粒共同组成的多相体系。尽管它只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组分，但气溶胶对地圈、生物圈的影响与作用不可低估。气溶胶化学成分复杂，其颗粒物可以作为大气中反应表面或催化剂，以及很多气相物质的接收体。
大气气溶胶负载的化学物质，特别是工业污染物在风系的作用下，可进行几百至几千千米的长距离传输，大气污染影响不分国界和地区，是全球性问题，其对人类生存环境的严重危害已日益加剧。大气输入物质对海洋的生物地球化学循环、大气环境、冰雪化学组成、海底沉积和气候演变等有着重要的影响。从全球变化角度看，大气污染物通过大气的大尺度传输，改变了全球大气化学物质的含量、结构和组成，破坏了全球的辐射平衡，进而可能对全球气候变化造成影响。
到目前为止，科学家认为，最微小的气溶胶并不能形成云凝结核。
但科学家结合实验室试验及理论模型研究发现，离子及气溶胶之间的相互作用能够促进小分子团变成体积较大、重量较重的大分子团，进而也能够形成云凝结核。
“经过努力，我们终于研究发现了空间粒子是如何影响地球气候的，”丹麦技术大学研究员亨里希·史文斯马克在一份新闻稿中说。
超新星爆发是某些恒星在演化接近末期时经历的一种剧烈爆炸。这种爆炸度极其明亮，过程中所突发电磁辐射经常能够照亮其所在的整个星系，并可持续几周至几个月。
“这一研究帮助我们更好地认识和了解，太阳或超新星活动所导致的变化是如何改变地球气候的。”
史文斯马克并不是第一次提出这一见解。在此之前，他就曾经试图将宇宙射线波动及气候变化联系起来，但这一研究受到了严重的质疑。
史文斯马克提出，宇宙射线可以用来解释全球变暖的现象，但有多项研究对这一结论提出了反对意见，同时，也有很多科学家认同史文斯马克的观点，这些科学家认为史文斯马克关于宇宙射线对云团形成存在影响的观点是正确的。
强烈的宇宙射线激烈撞击地球附近的原子
最新研究工作显示，气溶胶及离子之间的电磁相互作用能够促使气溶胶积累粒子。离子能够触发晶核形成，所形成的晶核能够防止分子团蒸发。离子还能够帮助分子团增加质量。模型研究显示，气溶胶增长率在低离子水平条件下仅为5%。但是，当太阳系或银河系附近的超新星放射的宇宙射线进入地球大气层时，离子激发的气溶胶增长率将会跃升至50%。
研究人员在大型云室中对他们的研究模型进行了测试。《自然通讯》杂志于本周发表的研究报告详细展示了研究成果，该研究成果证实了研究人员的理论预测是正确的。
丹麦技术大学的科学家称，宇宙射线能够促进地球大气层低层云团的形成，这种低层云团能够有效阻挡地球表面接收太阳能量，对地球起到降温作用。
太阳活动及太阳表面爆发会对地球造成影响
本次研究报告的作者在此之前就提出，太阳活动变化能够影响进入地球大气层的宇宙射线的强度及密度，进而改变云团形成的速度，并对气候造成影响。
“来自于宇宙空间的离子正在频繁轰击地球、这些粒子被称为银河系宇宙线，”科学家雅各布·史文斯马克于2016年说。“太阳表面的激烈爆发能够扫荡、清除这些宇宙射线，时间可以长达一周。当宇宙射线的强度及密度因太阳爆发的清除作用而出现降低时，地球云层覆盖情况会出现相应的减少，因为地球云层在控制地球温度方面发挥着重要的作用，我们本次的研究成果在气候变化研究方面就具有了重要的意义。”
有一些气候科学家否认快速增高的二氧化碳浓度会对地球气候的长期变化造成影响，他们中的一些人认为，气候变化是宇宙射线波动导致的，持这一观点的研究人员赞同雅各布·史文斯马克及亨里希·史文斯马克的研究成果。
尽管有很多科学家认为，宇宙射线能够影响低层云团的形成，但很少有人认为，该机制能够解释全球变暖现象。
太阳活动及宇宙射线的变化情况是能够预测的，一般都是太阳活动强时则宇宙射线弱，太阳活动弱时则宇宙射线强，如果气候变化确实是受到宇宙射线影响的，那全球温度也应当是升升降降的才对呀！但目前的情况是，地球温度在持续升高。
有两个英国科学家对宇宙射线通量及地球温度变化的相互关联进行了研究，他们发现，太阳活动及其对宇宙射线密度的影响仅在很小程度上决定着地球温度变化的情况。
“经过对20世纪全球变暖的观测及研究，我们认为，太阳活动变化对地球温度变化的影响率不超过10%，”兰卡斯特大学科学家特里·斯隆对《科学美国人》杂志的记者说。
“针对本次及其他研究报告，政府间气候变化问题小组表示，宇宙射线变化与云团变化之间存在关联这一观点目前还没有强有力的证据。”
作者: athena077 时间: 2018-10-20 13:14
阅读补充：碰到一篇是讲technology, labor cost, productivity,然后讲到performing arts...另外还记了2个关键字chronic gap & 45 min....搜到原文，在附件里，请查收。有一题考到了那个四十五分钟和chronic gap。。。连题目我都没读懂。。。有空看看。。。。
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-20 15:58
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/sports/playmagazine/that-which-does-not-kill-me-makes-me-stranger.html
作者: 淮南山月 时间: 2018-10-20 17:27
同意！
作者: 淮南山月 时间: 2018-10-20 17:29
想问一下，是这几段话吗？
For Baumol, the amount of labor necessaryto produce a typical manufactured good has constantly declined because ofproductivity gains brought about by new technology, increasing capital stock, abetter-educated labor force, and economies of scale. Meanwhile, productivity inthe live performing arts has remained relatively unchanged, for while, asBaumol himself puts it, productivity gains have created ways to reduce thelabor needed to produce a car, no one has yet devised ways of reducing thework-hours needed to perform a 45-minute Schubert quartet. Baumol's "somber conclusions" areclear: The arts cannot match the productivity gains of the economy as a whole,thus creating the chronic income gap between performing organizations' costsand their earnings.
Thirty years after its publication,Baumol's insight remains highly influential, directing empirical studies,theoretical analysis, and animating debates in an era of federal budgetconstraints. Baumol himself has advocated subsidies, tax laws, and otherincentives for giving to the arts, citing as key arguments the cost disease aswell as the social benefits of the arts.
For all its merits, the empirical evidenceof Baumol's cost disease is not conclusive. For example, in a review of theprincipal directions of cultural economics over the past thirty years, DavidThrosby claims that empirical analyses of the cost disease have found "littleevidence of differential rates of inflation" in the arts relative to therest of the economy. The empirical studies that Throsby cites also find thatlower wage increases, changes in the repertoire, and increased demand anddonations have generally countered the expanding deficit in the performingarts.
On the other hand, in a recent empiricalstudy of 25 U.S. orchestras over a 21-year period (1972 to 1992), MarianneFelton observes that orchestras are indeed subject to the cost disease. Shenotes, however, that her results "also reveal that productivity increasesare possible." She points out the 26 percent increase in performances from1986 to 1992. Contrary to expectations, orchestra productivity growth in thesample actually outstripped that of the manufacturing sector during this period(307).
Assuch, we can only conclude that it is still far from certain that theperforming arts are indeed subject to the cost disease and the phenomenonremains in need of more empirical verification.
作者: Nicole3366 时间: 2018-10-20 20:14
bzy! 发表于 2018-10-18 20:33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Why Leaves Turn Red: Pigments called anthocyanins probably protect leaves from light ...
太强了。。。。
作者: athena077 时间: 2018-10-20 22:45
第一段就好。
你可以再搜一下chronic gap所在的段落，加上就差不多了
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-21 11:14
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-09/gsoa-dr091506.php
PUBLIC RELEASE: 18-SEP-2006
Droughts and reservoirs: Finding storage space underground
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Boulder, CO — Odd as it sounds, in some places the smartest way to safeguard the water supply is to let it drain out of the reservoirs and soak into the ground. That's what been discovered in local water shortages in Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico - all of which could be microcosms of water shortage issues looming throughout the Western U.S.
In these three cases - Cedar Bluff Reservoir (Hays, KS), Optima Lake, (Guymon, OK), and Storrie Lake (Las Vegas, NM) - water losses from evaporation are so high that they can accelerate water supply emergencies for farms and cities, explains Tom Brikowski, a professor of hydrology at the University of Texas at Dallas. Brikowski and Wayland Anderson, a Denver engineer, are presenting their work at the Geological Society of America conference on Managing Drought and Water Scarcity in Vulnerable Environments: Creating a Roadmap for Change. The meeting takes place 18-20 September at the Radisson Hotel and Conference Center in Longmont, Colorado.
In the case of the City of Hays, the trouble starts 20 miles upstream at the Cedar Bluff Reservoir. Because of changes in farming practices, the reservoir gets only half the inflowing water it did when built in 1949. It now loses 75 percent of its inflowing water to evaporation. As a result, water losses most years now equal or exceed inflows. Reservoir releases were cut in 1979.
"You get to the point where you can't afford to lose that much water," said Brikowski, "and your only other alternative is to store it underground."
But how do you do that? In the case of Hays, nature had already provided for underground storage in the form of the Smoky Hill River aquifer. The aquifer has provided half the city's water supply for decades. Since the building of the Cedar Bluff reservoir, however, stream flow on top of it has dropped by 50 percent. That stream water recharged the wells, which, in turn, kept alive the town of Hays, Brikowski explains.
第二段提到附近城鎮的underwater和wells也受影響 每次乾旱後wells水位都回覆的很慢 找了experts來針對城市供水系統進行3D建模
At the behest of the City of Hays, Brikowski and Anderson created a detailed three-dimensional model of the sandy, gravelly ("alluvial") ground beneath the Smokey Hill River. Anderson analyzed the water balance of the reservoir. Next they simulated what had happened to the dropping water table, how much groundwater the aquifer could store, and how long a drought it could endure.
.讲Hay这个地方的水库reservoir，因为蒸发失去了很多的水，导致水库的水位下降，然后一个xx专家就要解决这个问题，带人来研究，做了一个3d模型进行分析，认为需要换一个水的来源，利用aquifer蓄水，采用这个方法的话需要大量release水库里的水，来使aquifer有充足的水，这样就不会因为蒸发和一些别的问题缺水了
"It's a clear case that the shut off of water (by the reservoir) limited how much water Hays could pump," said Brikowski. It also showed that by releasing water from that same reservoir they could kill two birds with one stone: recharge the aquifer and reduce the evaporation loss rate. According to Brikowski, "It was pretty hard to argue with the conclusion."
They also found that by releasing reservoir water to recharge the Smoky Hill River aquifer, users could survive even the worst recorded drought with full production from municipal wells.
"I think the City as a whole was quite happy," said Brikowski. By getting a better understanding of their water, the city can now avert seasonal water emergencies and no longer have to consider building hundreds of miles of pipeline to get water from other river basins.
This story could replay in other places as well - especially where reservoirs are getting less inflow due to changing water uses or climate change.
There's the city of Las Vegas, NM, only months away from evacuations this year after lack of snow over the winter left streams dry. It was only the annual monsoon season that saved them this year, said Brikowski. The water crisis is becoming an almost annual event as winter snow packs shrink and melt sooner each spring, probably as a consequence of global warming.
"More efficient storage, perhaps in alluvial aquifers, represents the only real hope for a solution," Brikowski said.
The same may eventually be the case for most of California, which relies heavily on the melting of snow pack high in the Sierra Nevada to feed streams and rivers through the summer. Global warming is expected to raise the snowline on those mountains and has already pushed spring earlier in the year. This means there is generally less snowmelt and it may not last the whole summer.
The Optima Reservoir of the Oklahoma Panhandle is an extreme example. A dry lake, it loses 100 percent of its inflowing water to evaporation. Converting to subsurface storage may be the only way to store water.
"It's not that in any of these places they've done anything wrong," Brikowski said. Rather, situations change and water management has to keep up to avoid supply problems. Underground storage, he said, is something to add to the water management toolbox.
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-21 12:52
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Consumers' Perceptions of the Assortment Offered in a Grocery Category: The Impact of Item Reduction
Susan M. Broniarczyk, Wayne D. Hoyer and Leigh McAlister
Journal of Marketing Research
Vol. 35, No. 2 (May, 1998), pp. 166-176
Published by: American Marketing Association
DOI: 10.2307/3151845
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3151845
Page Count: 11
作者: Bianca-Wang 时间: 2018-10-21 13:54
感谢分享！
作者: Bianca-Wang 时间: 2018-10-21 13:56
去年7月第一次考，590
今年10.24二战，心情忐忑，只复习了20天……感谢各位考友po的寂静，愿大家早日分手！
作者: Mescriska 时间: 2018-10-21 15:39
感谢分享！
作者: 889453 时间: 2018-10-21 17:38
我想说下，我考试时的assortment不是考古里的那一篇，虽然讲的都是assortment但是我那篇才两段很短，而且全文的中心主要是在讲assortment下，不同消费心理的顾客会做出不同消费决策，文章不难也很短。
段一：一般商家觉得assortment是很好的，因为消费者选择多了，更容易被satisfied。但是实际上是，选择多了，消费反而可能陷入纠结，不购买该产品转而购买别的产品
段二：一个学者研究发现 这种情况对于strong-predetermined的人并不成立。对于strong-predetermined的人，他们事先就对自己想买的东西有了大致的构想，只要根据构想去找产品就好了，所以assortment的存在对他们确实好，能满足多样化消费。但是对于weak-predetermined的人则相反，他们可能因为选择太多而放弃购买。
作者: Nicole3366 时间: 2018-10-22 12:18
阅读jj都不更新了。。。是不是快换库了啊。。。
作者: manyi29 时间: 2018-10-22 12:35
thx
作者: 没头脑与不高兴 时间: 2018-10-22 14:54
加油！
作者: kaarlo 时间: 2018-10-22 15:37
明天考......別啊
作者: Nicole3366 时间: 2018-10-22 15:44
我后天。。。慌得一批
作者: Nicole3366 时间: 2018-10-22 15:45
努力镇定自己吧~这不是我们能决定的呢 如果没换库那自然好，如果换库了也要镇定做下去呀！！！加油！！！
作者: Livvv 时间: 2018-10-23 01:13
这两天都没有更新的吗感到害怕
作者: ljh1993 时间: 2018-10-23 11:07
北美10.23下午考，给自己加个油吧。
作者: wwwyz 时间: 2018-10-23 15:18
我今天遇到两个新阅读，去我帖子里看。
就是怕来不及被更新，所以单独发了
作者: citty123 时间: 2018-10-23 16:42
谢谢
作者: Binxi 时间: 2018-10-24 15:02
感谢分享！
作者: Vivianna微安 时间: 2018-10-24 17:35
感谢!
作者: nowhere! 时间: 2018-10-24 19:01
非常感谢！！！
作者: 就快没有学上了 时间: 2018-10-25 09:23
Mark一下
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-10-25 21:03
有一篇没见过是讲电影院坐右边原因。比较长接近2屏，但是不难看懂（可能是jj有但我没看全）
Journal
Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition
Volume 19, 2014 Issue 1
Lateral bias in theatre-seat choice
Victoria Harms,Miriam Reese &Lorin J. Elias
Pages 1-11 | Received 05 Aug 2012, Published online: 06 Feb 2013
Abstract
Examples of behavioural asymmetries are common in the range of human behaviour; even when faced with a symmetrical environment people demonstrate reliable asymmetries in behaviours like gesturing, cradling, and even seating. One such asymmetry is the observation that participants tend to choose seats to the right of the screen when asked to select their preferred seating location in a movie theatre. However, these results are based on seat selection using a seating chart rather than examining real seat choice behaviour in the theatre context. This study investigated the real-world seating patterns of theatre patrons during actual film screenings. Analysis of bias scores calculated using photographs of theatre patrons revealed a significant bias to choose seats on the right side of the theatre. These findings are consistent with the prior research in the area and confirm that the seating bias observed when seats are selected from a chart accurately reflects real-world seating behaviour.
问题：举动物prey的例子意义，我选的是说明在species普遍有不对称现象，其他选项有人和动物不一样什么的；
第一段举了个例子说一些species中，在抓prey 的时候也有一些左右脑还是什么东西会影响那些species的行为，然后说human也是这样的（这里有题，问说species有什么作用）。说人在进入一个room 的时候会有左右偏好
From invertebrates to birds and mammals, examples of population-level lateral asymmetries can be observed across a wide range of behaviours (Tommasi, 2009). For example, in many species there is a clear preference to use the right eye when feeding or approaching prey, or a faster response to the appearance of a predator when viewed with the left eye (Lippolis, Bisazza, Rogers, & Vallortigara, 2002; for a review see Bisazza, Rogers, & Vallortigara, 1998; Vallortigara & Rogers, 2005). Similar asymmetries are also observed for a wide range of behaviours in humans despite an overall bilateral symmetry (Palmer, 2004); perhaps the most obvious of these behavioural asymmetries is handedness. Approximately 90% of the population relies predominantly on the right hand for fine motor tasks such as writing (Gilbert & Wysocki, 1992). Other, less obvious, asymmetries in human behaviour include the tendency to turn right upon entering a room (Scharine & McBeath, 2002), the tendency of people to turn to the right when kissing (Barrett, Greenwood, & McCullagh, 2006), and the tendency of people to choose seats to the right of the screen when asked to select their preferred seating location in a movie theatre.
Original studies on seating bias were based on observation of a bias in classrooms. Farnsworth (1933) found that more successful students tended to choose seats near the front of the classroom, a little to the right of centre. Although Farnsworth argued that external factors such as window placement or the location of the teacher influenced this lateralised bias, it is now understood that differences between the two hemispheres of the brain in processing specific kinds of information can lead to corresponding asymmetries in behaviour.
第二段 A學者提出一個情況後hypothesize一個論述：右腦主管visual and emotion
Using a similar procedure, Weyers, Milnik, Muller, and Pauli (2006) also confirmed the right-side bias observed by Karev (2000). However, when the theatre was presented in a non-canonical perspective, the right-side seating bias was reduced or eliminated. They also found an overall right-side-of-paper bias in seat selection. When the screen was not positioned at the top of the paper, as is standard on seating charts, participants were more likely to choose a seat on the right side of the page as opposed to the right side of the theatre. Weyers et al. argued against Karev’s expectancy hypothesis, and proposed that the observed right-side seating bias is likely due to general right-side preferences such as turning preferences or visual-attention orientation.
Revisiting Karev’s (2000) expectancy hypothesis, Okubo (2009) manipulated motivational and emotional factors in order to assess their influence on seating bias. When right-handed participants were positively motivated to see the movie, a right-side bias was observed in seating choice. This right-side bias disappeared when participants were negatively motivated to see the movie. Presentation of additional information suggesting that the movie was sad and depressing did not influence the direction of the seating bias. Okubo argued that this pattern of results is consistent with an expectancy effect.
One commonality between these theatre-seating studies is the use of paper seating charts for determining seat choice. The assumption is that seat choice from a chart or map accurately reflects real-world seat choice behaviour. However, there are certain biases and influences that might affect seat choice differently between seating charts and actual seat location. For one, handedness is often suggested as an influence of seating choice in the seating chart studies. But is it influencing seating choice due to its reflection of hemispheric asymmetries, or is it simply a bias to choose the same side of the page as your writing hand? These seating chart studies have provided informative insight into seat choice behaviour and what might influence our choices, but what is not yet established is whether or not the right-side seating bias observed with seating charts is an accurate reflection of real-world seating choice. This present study examines whether a right-side bias is observed when people are free to choose their seating position in an actual movie theatre. If the seating-chart studies accurately reflect seat choice behaviour, then a rightside seating bias should be observed in the real-world seating observation.
Although the right hemisphere is generally thought to be the dominant hemisphere for emotional processing (Borod, Koff, & Caron, 1983; Borod et al., 1998; Suberi & McKeever, 1977), there is some evidence to suggest that the left and right hemispheres play different roles, with the former responsible for positive or approach emotional processing and the latter responsible for negative or withdrawal emotional processing (Ahern & Schwartz, 1979). For example, the valence model posits that the left and right hemispheres govern the processing of positive and negative emotional information, respectively (Ehrlichman, 1987; Silberman & Weingartner, 1986). Lesion studies provide some evidence of a left hemisphere role in emotional expression. Patients with right hemisphere damage were found to experience more positive mood changes compared to patients with left hemisphere lesions (Sackheim et al., 1982). Conversely, patients with left hemisphere damage show greater rates of depression following injury compared to patients with right hemisphere damage (Robinson & Price, 1982). This pattern has similarly been demonstrated using sodium amytal testing, with left carotid artery injections resulting in negative emotional experience and expression, and right carotid artery injections resulting in positive emotional experience and expression.
然后又有一个人K提出什么叫v什么model 大概是左右脑分别处理积极emotion和消极emotion, 还有另外一个model叫啥忘了说的是左右脑分别处理approach emotion和withdrawl emotion
Similar to the valence model, the approach-withdrawal model also posits a differentiation between the hemispheres, with the left hemisphere dominant for processing emotional information that will elicit approach behaviour and the right hemisphere dominant for processing information that will elicit withdrawal behaviour (Davidson 1995; Davison, Ekman, Saron, Senulis, & Friesen, 1990; for a detailed review of emotional lateralisation see Demaree, Everhart, Youngstrom, & Harrison, 2005). Providing evidence in support of this model, Davison et al. (1990) used EEG to measure arousal in response to video images designed to elicit either approach behaviour or withdrawal behaviour. They found greater right hemisphere arousal in frontal and temporal areas in response to the withdrawal stimulus compared to the approach stimulus. This same pattern has been observed in non-human animal behaviour as well. Examining approach and withdrawal behaviour in dogs, Quaranta, Siniscalchi, and Vallortigara (2007) found more rightward tail-wagging movements in response to stimuli that should elicit approach behaviour and more leftward tail-wagging movements in response to stimuli that should elicit withdrawal behaviour. Similarly, Siniscalchi, Sasso, Pepe, Vallortigara, and Quaranta (2010) measured head-turning behaviour in dogs and found a consistent leftward turning bias in response to withdrawal stimuli.
然后K就做了一个实验在剧场播放喜剧悲剧和记录篇看学生选择哪里的座位，结果发现比较多的人选择了右边 说明和左右撇子和啥左右脑分别处理积极消极信息没啥关系
第四段 C學者根據上面情況，再做一個實驗發現了一個significance：regardless of 劇情或是左右撇子都傾向坐在前排坐在、右前方
To account for the differing biases that are predicted by the right hemisphere hypothesis and the theories that propose differentiation of processing between the left and right hemispheres, we also examined the potential influence of expected emotional content by examining the influence of movie genre on seating position. Although all movie genres touch on the full spectrum of emotions, the comedy genre aims to elicit more positive emotions in order to provoke a laughter response from the viewer whereas the dramatic genre aims to elicit more negative emotions to provoke a sense of pity or empathy in the viewer. Documentaries aim for emotional middle ground, seeking to reflect real-life experience through a balance of positive and negative emotional content (Carroll, 2003; Gross & Levenson, 1995). If the left and right hemispheres do indeed play separate roles in processing emotional information, then the expected emotional content of the film (as indicated by the film genre) should influence the direction of the observed seating bias, with dramatic films (associated with more negative emotional content) showing a right-side bias and comedies (associated with more positive emotional content) showing a left-side bias. Documentaries, with their balanced emotional content, would be expected to show a null bias. However, if the right hemisphere is dominant for processing emotional information, regardless of emotional valence, then the genre of the movie should not influence the observed seating bias, and an overall right-side bias should be observed.
作者: nowhere! 时间: 2018-10-25 22:52
感恩！
作者: Annabelle218 时间: 2018-10-27 02:55
今天早上考的 北美场 是之前cr里的一个topic变成了文章
两段 说人们看见credit card logo的时候更容易会花钱，更容易underestimate钱的power
然后第二段 说一个人好像是kl用实验证明了这个是对的
问了inference题 哪个是cash的特点 cash在文章没有提到 只要照着credit card的内容写反面就好了
还有个问了credit card特点的according to题 找第一段文章里没提到的的就好了
作者: 安妮小公举要700 时间: 2018-10-29 21:34
请问为什么有库尾但是阅读只碰到1篇的情况
作者: JUNHAOCHEN98 时间: 2018-10-31 05:05
感谢分享！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
作者: OhAlma 时间: 2018-12-4 09:57
谢谢楼主整理以及各位构筑的分享！！！
作者: cushing 时间: 2019-11-17 23:11
h
作者: LilyX159 时间: 2019-11-20 21:14
感谢无私奉献
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