ChaseDream

标题: 【阅读】07/30起悦都寂静整理（08/09更新，46篇原始，43篇考古） [打印本页]

作者: huajiananhai 时间: 2018-7-30 13:51
标题: 【阅读】07/30起悦都寂静整理（08/09更新，46篇原始，43篇考古）
目录

一、【考古】gender model

二、【考古】星球

三、【新增考古】女性地位

四、【新增原始】瑞典女权

五、【考古】Program involvement和commercials

六、【考古】Hurricane

七、【考古】菟丝子

八、【考古】Powdered product

九、【考古】南非钻石

十、【考古】Grammar

十一、【考古】哥伦布和chick bone

十二、【暂无考古】国际间投资

十三、【新增考古】meerkat

十四、【考古】两种城市

十五、【考古】Co-flower

十六、【考古】Brand name 和 creativity

十七、【考古】道德

十八、【考古】拉丁文学

十九、【考古】Nursing

二十、【考古】Durable goods

二十一、【考古】城市sprawl

二十二、【考古】Rubber

二十三、【新增考古】房地产减税

二十四、【考古】Lyme疫苗

二十五、【考古】NewEngland和南加州

二十六、【考古】Testimony

二十七、【考古】Voc

二十八、【考古】Capital flight

二十九、【考古】甲烷

三十、【考古】印第安水权

三十一、【考古】Household saving

三十二、【考古】Aero物质

三十三、【考古】贝多芬即兴创作

三十四、【考古】Physical distance

三十五、【考古】泰勒管理

三十六、【暂无考古】动物实验

三十七、【考古】女性寿命

三十八、【考古】牙齿

三十九、【考古】ROI

四十、【考古】Outsource

四十一、【考古】Lithography

四十二、【考古】Choice和jam

四十三、【考古】两地雕像

四十四、【考古】Teardown

四十五、【考古】radio

四十六、【考古】Industrial artisan

------------
2018-07-30起寂静整理汇总
【原始汇总】07/30起原始狗汇总 by Cinderella灰
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326506-1-1.html
【数学】07/30起数学寂静原始稿 by qv0518
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326502-1-1.html
【数学讨论稿1-100】07/30起数学讨论稿 by ssssct
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326518-1-1.html
【阅读】07/30起越渡整理 by huajiananhai
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326505-1-1.html
【逻辑】07/30起洛基寂静整理 by AthenaF
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326507-1-1.html
【语法】07/30起愈发寂静整理 by AthenaF
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326508-1-1.html
【IR】0730起IR寂静整理 by Super鳄鱼杭
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326533-1-1.html
【作文】07/30起坐稳寂静整理 by qv0518
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326503-1-1.html

作者: baiiii 时间: 2018-7-30 14:19
等一个

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-7-30 19:41
https://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=1326521&pid=24224939&fromuid=1333346
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
June 2009
Volume 300, Issue 6

Unlikely Suns Reveal Improbable Planets
Astronomers are finding planets where there were not supposed to be any
By Micheal W. Werner and Michael A. Jura

作者: AlexSu7 时间: 2018-7-30 19:45
阅读
第一篇
P1:一个学者A批判过去的社会学者评价男女劳工的方法有问题：他们用gender model评价女的用另一种model 评价男的。 A指出这样评价的缺陷：1.女性属于家庭的固化认知 2.忘记了
P2：另一个学者B继承了A的观点并进一步拓展她研究了纺织厂女工的状况发现当时男manager排斥女工认为他们不仅工作无用而且社会无用这些女工就自己努力工作然后最后证明她们不仅是工作有用还是社会（家庭）有用

第二篇
P1 发现一个星球KL-3547（？）什么的这个星球有三个卫星绕转
P2 忘了有一句是三个卫星的距离比月球到地球的距离近考题了
P3 这种星球通常会有一个disk，这个disk是前一个恒星/dust/星云/之类的爆炸或毁灭之后的遗留物太阳系里就有这种例子（细说）那么，类似的这颗星球是否有disk是值得期待的（不确定有没有）

作者: 小独角兽姐姐 时间: 2018-7-31 09:20

发表于 13小时前
阅读
第一篇
P1:一个学者A批判过去的社会学者评价男女劳工的方法有问题：他们用gender m...

Mark一下

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-7-31 19:49
https://www.economist.com/news/business/5091044-controversial-bill-keep-more-rocks-home-rough-and-tumble

第二篇：南非钻石
p1，现在南非是全球第4大钻石原石出口国，但加工都在中国等国家。政府希望增加原石加工的就业人口，提高出口额。
p2。政府要采取一个措施来改变downtream industry( 这标黄了，为指的啥)预计会增加多少就业。同时还有另一个举错（这里也标黄了）
p 3，研究人员不这么认为，这个措施会让很多开矿的人失业。。

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1149460-1-1.html

South African diamonds
Rough and tumble
A controversial bill to keep more rocks at home

https://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=1326564&pid=24225982&fromuid=1333346

有个推断题，是在与中国印度比较的那段里，高亮，
　　V1 选vanish来着
　　V2选那个polishing andcutting

CAN South Africa put more shine on the diamonds that it mines? It is the world's fourth-largest producer by value, with 12% of global output. Yet its cutting and polishing sector is small, employing about 2,000 people. Most of its stones get exported in rough form, to be cut in Belgium, China, India or Israel.

Now the government is keen to create jobs and add value to the country's diamond exports by boosting the local cutting and polishing industry, and by having more jewellery-makers at home. This seems like a good idea. But the way it is planning to go about it is raising eyebrows in the industry. A bill now before parliament includes provisions to set up a state diamond trader and exchange, which would manage imports and exports, buying a share of local production for the local cutting market. An export levy on rough diamonds is also being planned.

p2。政府要采取一个措施来改变downtream industry( 这标黄了，为指的啥)预计会增加多少就业。同时还有另一个举错（这里也标黄了）

The mining industry argues that this is likely to hurt extraction and do little to develop the downstream diamond industry, which needs incentives such as tax breaks, rather than regulation, to flourish. Meanwhile, the export levy would hit diamond mining. The Chamber of Mines of South Africa reckons that the proposed law could create up to 1,000 jobs in cutting and polishing diamonds, but destroy 12,000 in mining them. Small diamond producers are likely to suffer most.

Critics also say that the private sector is doing a good job of buying and selling diamonds, and that the government should not meddle. De Beers, which extracts about 90% of South Africa's diamonds, says that more than nine out of ten carats produced locally are of relatively low value, in which South African buyers are not showing great interest. The mining giant points out that the mix of rough diamonds that get sold back in South Africa—after having been sorted and pooled in London by its Diamond Trading Company—are on average better and more expensive than those produced at home.

有个推断题，是在与中国印度比较的那段里，高亮，
　　V1 选vanish来着
　　V2选那个polishing andcutting

Small producers sell their production on local diamond exchanges, but most of it still does not get cut and polished in South Africa. The Chamber of Mines points out that labour costs are much lower in India or China. It estimates that, with a 15% export levy, less than 5% of the local production could be cut profitably at home.

The government is not convinced that this is indeed the case. It wants to make more diamonds available and monitor the local appetite for them. At this stage, the level of the export levy, and how much the state trader will actually buy, are still to be decided. The government is keen to have the bill passed by early November. If it meets that deadline, it will be a rough and unpolished piece of legislation.

作者: 聪明代表 时间: 2018-7-31 21:34
阅读还有一个VOC！！植物释放有毒气体的！！整理菌帮忙整理一下～～

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-7-31 21:37
https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutwindprofile.shtml

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-801339-1-1.html

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-7-31 21:39

聪明代表发表于 2018-7-31 21:34
阅读还有一个VOC！！植物释放有毒气体的！！整理菌帮忙整理一下～～

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-596366-1-1.html

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/its-gas-trees-emit-unknown-volatile-substances

作者: 聪明代表 时间: 2018-7-31 21:52

bzy! 发表于 2018-7-31 21:39
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-596366-1-1.html

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/its-gas-t ...

同意！

作者: 聪明代表 时间: 2018-7-31 21:53
我刚问到还有一个律师诗人！charles reznikoff 的testmony

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-1 07:57
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diversity and Specialisation in Cities: Why, Where and When Does it Matter?
Gilles Duranton and Diego Puga
Urban Studies
Vol. 37, No. 3, SPECIAL ISSUE: LOCATION THEORY: ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION (March 2000), pp. 533-555
Published by: Sage Publications, Ltd.
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43084659
Page Count: 23

https://diegopuga.org/papers/divvsspz.pdf

p2是是给这些个risk提出一些alternative solution？记忆有点模糊了。。文章最后提到了一个for example，举了个欧洲的例子，本来说是要balabala，所以建议要鼓励人们分散开来干大事？但是这样会损失regional identifies？

p2:主要讲specialized的城市需要central government怎么怎么样，但是否定了;然后alternatively, local government 可以如何如何，好像也是否定了== 后面失忆 (就两段一瓶左右)

第二篇是第一段 speicalized city 和 large diverse city 比较，然后指出 speicalized city 有很大 risk，第二段写可能减小 risk 的办法:一是中央政府的保险，但是成本大;二是给予地方政府足够的控制权，但是怕地方势力 too ambitious，毕竟硅谷这样的少见;三是加强劳动力流动性，但是会使各个城市变得一样。总之就是没有提出一个可行的办法

The second major issue is about the composition of economic activity in individual cities. From our review it seems that specialisation has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are less urban crowding and stronger localisation economies arising from the proximity of closely related producers. The disadvantages are less innovation and more exposure to risk as the fortunes of specific sectors and technologies rise or fall. But overall, there appears to be a need for both large and diversified cities and smaller and more specialised cities. The main problem with this dichotomy of diversified and specialised cities is that the latter are exposed to a greater risk with the rise and fall of specific sectors and technologies. To limit the risks of urban specialisation, policy may want to curb this. But limiting specialisation may forego important present benefits for the sake of avoiding a possible future downturn. Insurance by the central government may be a good alternative. However, this is costly, and complete insurance may lead to complacency. Another alternative is to give local governments the power to restructure. The disadvantage here is the involvement of local government in excessively ambitious economic-development policies. In particular, not every community can create the next Silicon-Valley in its backyard. Moreover, the link between innovation and diversity seems fairly robust, so that highly innovative clusters cannot be bred in previously highly specialised environments. An alternative solution is to encourage labour-force mobility. But in Europe this awakens fears about lost regional identities.

作者: lalalyouyou 时间: 2018-8-1 23:26
求问阅读君和大大们，有发现这个库和哪个相似吗

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-2 06:59
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2489685

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Market Price Variation, Perceived Price Variation, and Consumers' Price Search Decisions for Durable Goods
Dhruv Grewal and Howard Marmorstein
Journal of Consumer Research
Vol. 21, No. 3 (Dec., 1994), pp. 453-460

Published by: Oxford University Press
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2489685

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326615-1-1.html

durable goods price comparison
顾客在买durable product的时候，不会提前做research，或者对比价格，然后文章主要讨论顾客为什么在买东西之前不对比价格。
第一段有说越贵的东西，价格差异就越大，后面有考

Abstract
Previous studies have consistently found that most consumers undertake relatively little prepurchase search for durable goods and do even less price-comparison shopping despite the reported importance of price to consumers' purchase decisions. This article proposes and tests two possible explanations for why consumers' willingness to engage in price search does not increase concomitantly with the price variation of durable goods. The first potential explanation, that consumers simply underestimate the market price variation, was not supported. The second possible explanation, which builds upon Weber's law of psychophysics and Thaler's transaction utility theory, was supported. The data indicate that the psychological utility that a consumer derives from saving a fixed amount of money is inversely related to the price of the item. In this case, even if consumers believe that the price variation of more expensive items tends to be greater, their motivation to spend time in price-comparison shopping for these items may not increase as much as expected.

A second possible explanation for the relatively low level of price search by consumers builds upon Weber‘s law of psychophysics and Thaler’s transaction utility theory (1985). Weber’s law suggests that an individual‘s response to a change in a stimulus will he inversely related to the absolute magnitude of the original stimulus. Likewise. Thaler‘s transaction utility theory suggests that the psychological utility that a consumer derives from saving a ﬁxed amount of money, say $20, is inversely related to the price of the item. In this case, even if consumers believe that the price variation of more expensive items tends to be greater, their motivation to spend time in price-comparison shopping for these items may not increase as much as predicted by transaction utility theory. Throughout the remainder of the article, we deﬁne consumers' tendency to assess the utility of price savings as a proportion of the item‘s price as the “psychophysics-of-price heuristic." Thus, the consumer implicitly translates the expected savings from price search into relative terms rather than absolute dollars.

有两种解释，第一种说，顾客没有意识到通过对比价格他们可以省多少钱，第二种解释是有一个人提出，顾客有一种意识，认为同样都是省20刀，顾客会倾向于原价100的烤箱，而不是原价400的电视。（后面有一道题考说这个人提出了什么样的解释

Consider, for example, a consumer who believes that she/he can obtain a $2.0 savings on a $100 microwave oven and obtain a $20 price reduction on a $400 television by shopping further. The consumer may be inclined to pursue further price search for the $20 savings on the microwave oven because it appears that the relative savings are dramatically higher. Normatively, the two cases are identical in that the consumer's economic cost and expected benefit of price search are the same and should result in the same intention to undertake price-comparison shopping.

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-2 09:11
https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2009/12/30/blow-out
New sources of rubber
Blow out
The tyres of the future may be made from dandelions
Dec 30th 2009

OTHER than being an ingredient of the more recherché sorts of salad, herbal tea or wine, dandelions are pretty useless plants. Or, at least, they were. But one species, a Russian variety called Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS), may yet make the big time. It produces molecules of rubber in its sap and if two research programmes, one going on in Germany and one in America, come to fruition, it could supplement—or even replace—the traditional rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis.

Despite the invention of synthetic rubbers, there is often no good substitute for the real thing, for nothing artificial yet matches natural rubber's resilience and strength. This is because natural-rubber molecules, the product of a stepwise synthesis by enzymes, have a more regular structure than the artificial ones made by chemical engineering. Around a fifth of an average car tyre is therefore made of natural rubber. In an aeroplane tyre that figure can be more than four-fifths. Moreover, the price of synthetic rubber is tied to that of the oil from which it is made, rendering it vulnerable to changes in the oil price. Because oil is likely to become more costly in the future, natural rubber looks an attractive alternative from an economic point of view as well as an engineering one.

Natural rubber has problems, though. Growing Hevea in the Americas is hard. A disease called leaf blight means the trees have to be spaced widely. Even in Asia, currently blight-free, planting new rubber trees often means cutting down rainforest, to general disapproval. And trees, being large, take time to grow to the point where they can yield a crop. A smaller plant that could be harvested for its rubber therefore has obvious appeal.

P1. (synthetic rubber)人工合成橡胶没有天然/传统（Natural/Traditional）的橡胶好，但两年才能割一次胶；人工合成橡胶耗原油（Oil）比较多（补充知识，非本文出现，仅仅为了加深理解：合成橡胶是以石油、天然气为原料,以二烯烃和烯烃为单体聚合而成的高分子材料。）……（中间断片，好像还有内容）后面说了天然橡胶树在种植时需要间隔一定的距离，这个苛刻的种植条件使得天然橡胶树变少/人们不愿意去种天然橡胶树？（这块后面记着紧跟着一个XX Risk，看了好几遍没看明白），然后后面是说找替代方法/解决问题的方法

One proposal is to use guayule, a shrub that grows in arid regions and produces rubber that is free from allergenic proteins, which makes it useful for items such as surgical gloves. Desert plants, however, tend to be slow growing—guayule takes two years to mature. Yulex, a firm that has commercialised guayule, gets an annual crop of 400 kilograms per hectare. Hevea can yield four or five times that figure. Which is where TKS could come in. Dandelions are regarded as weeds for a reason—they are robust, fast-growing plants that can be pulled up for processing and resown easily, possibly yielding two harvests a year. If they could be turned into usable crops, they could outstrip even Hevea.

To this end, Christian Schulze Gronover of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology in Aachen, Germany, and his colleagues have identified the genes that allow TKS to produce usable rubber. In particular, they have discovered an enzyme called polyphenoloxidase that is responsible for making its rubbery sap coagulate.

P3. 第三段是最难读的一段，里面涉及到了很多technical的术语，开始准备硬啃，扫了两三句发现难度有些大，就开始跳读，出现的词确定有enzyme, 好像有像RNA之类一些比较复杂的术语（实在记不得了呀..），不过我好像没遇到关于这段的题，但这段真的是最难读的

From the plant's point of view this coagulation is a good thing. The evolutionary purpose of rubber, and the reason why it has appeared independently in plants as diverse as trees, guayule and dandelions, is that it gums up the mouthparts of herbivorous insects. Human users, however, do not want it to coagulate too soon, and Dr Schulze Gronover has found a way to switch polyphenoloxidase off, using a technique called RNA interference. This intercepts and destroys the molecular messengers that carry instructions from the polyphenoloxidase gene to make the enzyme, meaning that rubber can be extracted more easily from the plant.

Meanwhile, in America Matthew Kleinhenz of Ohio State University is working on increasing the yield of rubber from TKS. Dr Kleinhenz is doing things the old-fashioned way, growing different strains of TKS, grinding up the roots (where most of the sap is found) to see which have the highest rubber content, and crossbreeding the winners. His aim is to create a plant that is both high-yielding and has roots chunky enough to be harvested mechanically by the sort of device now used to pick carrots.

P4. 我记得是有P4的，而且比P3短很多，大概就是一些总结性话语；很清楚地记得全文最后又去和前面人工合成橡胶用Oil多的问题进行了勾连（本以为会考关于这个的细节，但是并没有）（Oil 这个点是全文的结尾）

Combining the two approaches—high-tech bioengineering and low-tech plant breeding—may produce that rarity in the modern world, a whole new crop species. It would also mark a step on a journey that some see as the way forward: a return to the use of plant-based products that have, briefly, been overshadowed by the transient availability of cheap oil.

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1281895-1-1.html

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1326607-1-1.html

3.rubber橡胶树以及新技术rna什么的，看考古吧

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-3 07:38
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-502975-1-1.html

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-3 16:51
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-699776-1-1.html

https://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=699797&highlight=%E5%8D%B3%E5%85%B4%E5%88%9B%E4%BD%9C

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/08/31/taking-liberties-2

作者: Eudora_瑶 时间: 2018-8-3 19:53
啊，今天早上考的~~考到了那个城市spwarl和15的co-flower【但是好气哦。。做天看鸡精。。。就看到14.。。。我不知该说什么好。。】

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-4 10:20

对比了England & United States在 1990s的recession，传统观点认为两个cause相同，但是其实是不同的，England是因为population decrease 导致的high wage, 美国是因为什么defense expense decrease然后导致的，有提到美国比英国的prospect is brighter

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00625.x

COMPARING THE NEW ENGLAND AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA REGIONAL RECESSIONS
LISA MORRIS GROBAR

Abstract
During the early 1990s, both New England and Southern California experienced regional recessions that were much more severe than the national recession of 1990–1991. At first glance, these regional recessions appear to be similar phenomena. However, shift‐share analysis conducted at the 3‐digit Standard Industry Classification (SIC) level indicates that the underlying causes of the recessions were different. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, New England's manufacturing industries did not perform nearly so well as their national counterparts in creating new jobs and preventing job losses. The loss of regional competitiveness was the main factor explaining that region's recession. On the other hand, most of Southern California's industries performed about as well as their national counterparts during the recession. For Southern California, the industry structure of the region—in particular, its heavy reliance on defense‐related production—contributed to the recession more than did a loss of regional competitiveness.

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-18584183/comparing-the-new-england-and-southern-california

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-4 10:29

聪明代表发表于 2018-7-31 21:53
我刚问到还有一个律师诗人！charles reznikoff 的testmony

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-870502-1-1.html

The first installment of Testimony was published in 1934 by the Objectivist Press, which had been started several years earlier to promote the views of poets including William Carlos Williams, Louis Zuk of sky, George Oppen, and Reznikoff himself .They were believers in Objectivism, a short-lived but still influential offshoot of poetic Modernism, the early 20th-century assault by T. S. Eliot,Ezra Pound, and others on the Enlightenment-influenced poetics of their predecessors. For the Objectivists, the poem was an object, not a report by the poet of what he or she thought or felt. They rejected the emphasis by19th-century Romantic poets like Wordsworth and Shelley on the poet's subjective experience of transcendent meaning as depicted through metaphor and symbol. (The title and opening line of Wordsworth's well-known poem about daffodils, "I wandered lonely as a cloud," is a good example of the tendencies that the Objectivists judged artificial and misleading.) The Objectivists believed that feeling and emotion should come through the choice of details and the sound and appearance of words on the page.

Reznikoff continued to work on Testimony throughout his life. In the 1960s, he published two new volumes (the first drawn from judicial opinions of 1885-1890, thesecond from opinions of 1891-1900); two additional volumes (1901-1910 and1911-1915) were published after his death. In each of the later volumes ,Reznikoff revised his art, reshaping the documentary material into syncopated lines of poetry.

The Negro was dead/when the doctors examined him," a characteristic poem begins: They found upon his belly bruises: he died, the doctors said, of peritonitis.

While the shift in form draws even more attention to the language (as in the isolation of "bruises" in the lines just quoted), the later editions employ thes ame third-person perspective, looking to the objective language of a judicial opinion, the words as words, rather than subjective experience or metaphor, for the emotional intensity of the poem. With its use of judicial opinions as the raw material of poetry, Testimony radically undercuts the traditional assumption that the poet works in a private sphere that is somehow separate from the pressures and pulls of the public domain. Not only is the poem an object, but it is an object taken from the workaday world that poets traditionally have viewed as unsuitable for poetry. Testimony never lets us forget that it is judicial opinions the poet is expounding.

Reznikoff's most important innovation and chief legacy to subsequent poets was this use of social speech, the public language of lawyers, to further the Modernist project of drawing attention to the linguistic qualities of a poem. By juxtaposing the descriptions of fact—the underlying story—of one case after another, he created an emotionally powerful collage from the apparently impersonal language of judicial opinions, a collage that chronicles America's struggle with slavery and its emergence as a commercial and industrial power.

P1：说Charles Reznikoff这个人写了名叫作Testmony的诗歌作品，是他从当时的法庭案件中引用了很多到他的诗集中去，从而开创了一种诗歌形式叫"objectivism"。然后就出现了一大串的人名，他们是和Charles Reznikoff站在一边的，都是objectivists。之后对objectivists做了同位语解释，还说了是一种短暂但是influential的诗歌流派。然后就出现了强对比：说了与传统诗人的不同，objectivism形势和以前浪漫主义诗歌Romanisme不同的地方在于浪漫主义会用很多修辞和比喻来抒发感情，而这种"objectivism"的诗歌推崇诗本身是object。传统诗人又举了好像是两个人名(Wordsworth and Shelley)。这一段不要被这些人名吓到，只要记住他们是两拨对立的人就可以了。

P2：说Charles Reznikoff这个人把他的一生都献给了这部Testmony。1930年发表了前两卷;xxx年发表了后两卷，这里有一个小细节说，他在后两卷里面revised his art。

P3：又绕回去说Charles Reznikoff一派和传统诗歌的不同。就是传统诗歌比较注重express emotions and personalexperience.而Charles Reznikoff认为应该客观地反映世界。

P4：(作者态度段)说了Charles Reznikoff的testmony对于后来者的贡献在于他首次采用了judicial speech作为了诗歌的resources。又说，CharlesReznikoff用impersonal languages也表达出了powerfulemotions.

http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/September-October-2005/review_skeel_sepoct05.msp

作者: graceven 时间: 2018-8-4 17:15
Grammar 那篇我看了：

In linguistics, prescription is the laying down or prescribing of normative rules for the use of a language, or the making of recommendations for effective language usage. It includes the mechanisms for establishing and maintaining an Internationale language or a standardized spelling system. It can also include arbitrary declarations of what particular individuals consider to be good taste, and if these tastes are conservative, prescription may be (or appear to be) resistant to natural language evolution.
The description of language, which simply observes and describes how language is used in practice, is the basis of all linguistic research. Serious scholarly descriptive work is usually based on text or corpus analysis, or on field studies, but the term "description" includes each individual's observations of their own language usage. Descriptive linguistics eschews value judgments and makes no recommendations.

Pre 是专业的， Descriptive 是常用的是吧？为什么考古中好多观点不太一样。。答案也怪怪的。。有谁能找到原文么，求助

作者: awegbser3rfag 时间: 2018-8-5 01:57
第一篇是讲mortgage tax rate的，就说这个tax return每个人拿回来的钱不一样，你钱越多拿回来越多，然后文章讲了三个这个tax的弊端，一个就是鼓励人们疯狂借贷，很危险因为额度更大了，第二个是房价在人口密集（稳重说的是supply inelastic好像）会变得更高，并不能缓解人们afford放假的问题，第三个是说穷人富人拿回来的钱不一样，一点都不公平。最后讲了一个small government advocator对此的看法，感觉应该是要废除这个tax

第二篇讲的是mini ice age，具体有点记不大清了，就是讲这个的形成，等考古吧

作者: 抱抱熊 时间: 2018-8-5 07:40
寂静里的阅读我一篇没有遇到，放狗如下：
一篇文章
P1 Near East和每所亚弥亚发现的工艺品female figure: Near East与每所亚美尼亚的相比设计上更plain, 更小。原因是因为后者在制作这些东西的时期陶器一斤出现，而前者在陶器出现之前。
P2 一个争论点是美索制作的这些 figure是否是女性或者女神？给了很多例子发现不是。
P3 Near East的这些形象与美索的形象进行了比较。
文章短，但是生词多，而且长句子比较绕。
最后一篇文章，我当时已经很累了所以记得的不多。

作者: 抱抱熊 时间: 2018-8-5 07:43
还有一篇文章
P1 科学家预计即将有一个mini ice age，原因恰恰是global warming
p2 解释原因：一个Gulf从南向北流，途中释放已经吸收的热量，水变冷却，那些 denser, cooler的水就沉到了海底。这是一个现象。而现在全球变暖，北极附近更多的水融化，使得ice front往南移动，让这个gulf的水变得缓慢了。

作者: 抱抱熊 时间: 2018-8-5 07:45
美国时间8月4号考试，数学遇到几道寂静（多谢各位！）。但是语文一道没有遇上（无论阅读还是逻辑）。让我有点怀疑是不是语文部分换库了？或者是自己运气太差了。。。。

作者: dreamabout 时间: 2018-8-5 10:44
怎么感觉十二、国际间投资和二十八、Capital flight应该是同一篇呢？

作者: 夏威夷KING 时间: 2018-8-5 12:06
感谢分享哈！~

作者: Morrispan 时间: 2018-8-6 09:10

发表于 2018-07-30 13:51:33
本帖最后由 huajiananhai 于 2018-8-5 22:00 编辑

目录一、【考古...

看一下

作者: lalalyouyou 时间: 2018-8-6 18:15
求问哥伦布和鸡骨头有靠谱原文吗？~寂静看了更迷惑T_T

作者: AMillionDreams 时间: 2018-8-7 08:43
Mark一下！

作者: TONYONYL 时间: 2018-8-7 12:40
那个贝多芬即兴创作的题目确认是老题，而且问题几乎没变

作者: Linkshen 时间: 2018-8-7 18:49
今天考了3篇都不是寂静上的。。。
第一篇生物大概讲conflict 之后的 reconciliation, 例子举了一种monkey 这种行为跟captivity 有关
另外一篇讲的一个叫M比较长的人发明的新的交通系统比较好有三段大概
还有一篇忘记了

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-9 08:26
The Latino Reader: An American Literary Tradition from 1542 to the Present Paperback – March 26, 1997

Page 137
Latino literature is generally regarded as a twentieth-century phenomenon; beginning in the 1960s, Chicano and Puerto Rican authors, then Cuban Americans and more recent Latino arrivals, have produced a substantial and impressive body of writing. While writers in Latin America were establishing what has been called the “boom” of Latin American narrative, their U.S. counterparts were forging a distinct tradition in poetry, drama, and fiction in their own voices. What this anthology hopes to demonstrate, however, is that the spectacular flowering of U.S. Latino letters from the 1960s onward grew from seeds carefully and painstakingly sown by their writers. Their lonely efforts often went unrecognized by mainstream critics as well as younger Latino authors, who were frequently unaware of their existence.

similarly（高亮，有考题，问你这个similarly的作用，有迷惑选项说说明2个拉美文学作者都是因为是拉美裔的才被人埋没的，其实不是的，没有关于第一个女人的出身信息。我选了，2个人的contribution都被低估了）

Page 138
A case in point is the The Rebel by Leonor Villegas de Magnon. The work is based on the author’s fascinating experiences as the founder of a nursing corps that attended to the revolutionary forces in the Texas/Mexican border region during the Mexican Revolution. Frustrated in her attempts to have the novel published in Spanish in the 1920s, Villegas De Magnon later wrote a version in English in the 1940s, but it met a similar fate. Thanks to the efforts of contemporary scholars and the foresight of editors dedicated to promoting Latino literature, the novel was finally published in 1994. It stands as another challenge to the stereotypical misconceptions regarding Mexican Americans, particularly women, of that era. Similarly, for decades the poet William Carlos Williams was not included in the sphere of U.S. Latino culture due to the lack of appreciation of his profound Puerto Rican and Spanish-American roots. Recent scholarly research, however, has demonstrated that this important precursor of modern American poetry is truly worthy of this distinction; his poetic sensibilities have been shown to reflect a more hemispheric/New World application of the term “American.”

Page 156
What was not explored in any depth until Julio Marzan’s ground-breaking study The Spanish American Roots of Williams Carlos Williams (1994) is the profoundly Latin American origin of Williams’s poetry, which was influenced in great measure by his parent, particularly his mother. His American vision cannot be totally appreciated without an understanding of the wide variety of cultural sources that informed his work. His upbringing as a bilingual, bicultural child and his lifelong ambivalence word his cultural origins reflect the feelings of many children of immigrants in the United States. Commenting on Williams’s need to “possess” America due to his “mixed ancestry,” Marzan observes the following: “Here Williams was discussing In the American Grain and, as in that book, the ‘America’ in question is not narrowly the United States, but the hemispheric America that Columbus stumbled onto. Elena’s being from Puerto Rico, one of the sites where Columbus is believed to have actually set foot, and from a Spanish-speaking line that mingled its blood with the continent, made that ‘America’ Williams’ legacy. He was an American and a ‘pure product of America’ because his mother was Puerto Rican.”

作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-8-10 07:45
https://hbr.org/2006/06/more-isnt-always-better

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/66fb/e6525df290a057db6387ed6ddbeba3bf05ac.pdf

第一段：选择越多越容易做决策。但是研究发现（此处有人名，提到了心理phycological）当选择过多的时候excess options，人们往往很难做决定。实验：让人们从很少数量的jam中选择，没有困难；然而，实验结果表明在6种jam种选择的可能性是在24种jam种选择的10倍（考题问哪个选项削弱这个证据的说服力，卤煮选择了E:消费者对6种jam中的某种熟悉但是从来没用过24种里面的）……

It all began with jam. In 2000, psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper published a remarkable study. On one day, shoppers at an upscale food market saw a display table with 24 varieties of gourmet jam. Those who sampled the spreads received a coupon for $1 off any jam. On another day, shoppers saw a similar table, except that only six varieties of the jam were on display. The large display attracted more interest than the small one. But when the time came to purchase, people who saw the large display were one-tenth as likely to buy as people who saw the small display.

Other studies have confirmed this result that more choice is not always better. As the variety of snacks, soft drinks, and beers offered at convenience stores increases, for instance, sales volume and customer satisfaction decrease. Moreover, as the number of retirement investment options available to employees increases, the chance that they will choose any decreases. These studies and others have shown not only that excessive choice can produce “choice paralysis,” but also that it can reduce people’s satisfaction with their decisions, even if they made good ones. My colleagues and I have found that increased choice decreases satisfaction with matters as trivial as ice cream flavors and as significant as jobs.

作者: 章鱼宝宝o 时间: 2019-7-26 10:45

bzy! 发表于 2018-8-10 07:45
https://hbr.org/2006/06/more-isnt-always-better

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/66fb/e6525df290a05 ...

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