【Native Speaker每日综合训练—42系列】【42-20】文史哲 Nobel Prize

MAGGIEHE1993

内容：MAGGIEHE1993 编辑： MAGGIEHE1993

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又见面了hiahia~~~今天为大家带来诺奖专题~~这周2014年诺贝尔奖得主陆续揭晓，诺贝尔和平奖获得者之一是马拉拉•尤萨夫扎伊， 诺贝尔文学奖获得者是帕特里克•莫迪亚诺，今天的文章就是关于这两位~~大家ENJOY~~

Part I: Speaker

Nobel Peace Prize Winners Share Connection In Advocating For Children

Source:  NPR
http://www.npr.org/2014/10/10/355187942/nobel-peace-prize-winners-share-connection-in-advocating-for-children
[Rephrase1, 4:14 ]

MAGGIEHE1993

Part II: Speed

This Year’s Nobel Peace Prize Winner: Nobody

[Time 2]
There’s no shortage of awards and prizes out there for diplomacy, peacemaking, and humanitarian achievement. But for whatever reason, the one that will be handed out this Friday, bestowed by a committee selected by the Norwegian parliament in honor of the man who invented dynamite, is considered the most important and most deserving of media attention.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has made some bad calls in the past (Yasser Arafat, Henry Kissinger, and Teddy Roosevelt come to mind), and there’s also not much evidence to suggest that the prize does anything to promote peace. At its best, though, the Nobel Prize’s media spotlight gives the committee the opportunity to highlight important issues: climate change in 2007, women’s rights in 2011, and the elimination of chemical weapons last year.

This year the prize committee could best serve its mission by giving the prize to the person who most deserves it: nobody. Such a move would highlight that this has been a particularly violent year around the world. More importantly, it would serve as an acknowledgment that the most notable eruptions of violence have been so grimly predictable, the result of years of individual and collective failures by governments and international institutions.

While the emergence of ISIS and the disintegration of Iraq and Syria have taken place at alarming speed, these were less sudden explosions than the climaxes of crises that have been worsening for years. There’s a lot of blame to go around here, to the governments involved and those that intervened from the outside. But it shouldn’t be surprising that an unchecked civil war in Syria and years of shortsighted sectarian governance in Iraq would lead to a situation like this.

The United States, and former Nobel Peace Prize winner Barack Obama, will not win any awards for peace promotion this year. In 2009, Obama raised eyebrows in Oslo by using his Nobel acceptance speech to make the argument that there are times when the use of force by governments in the name of preserving overall peace and stability is “not only necessary but morally justified.” Five years later it’s harder to make the case that the world has become more peaceful as a result of the judicious deployment of American violence. A global drone war may have decimated al-Qaida, but its local franchises and splinter groups are as potent as ever. NATO airpower ousted a tyrant in Libya but left a chaotic power vacuum in his place.
[408words]

[Time 3]
The breakup of the Soviet Union is justifiably seen today as a major advance for the cause of peace and human freedom. Mikhail Gorbachev deservedly received the Peace Prize during the final days of the Soviet empire in 1990. But this year’s crisis in Ukraine showed that everything is not hunky-dory in the former USSR. For the first time in decades, a European border was redrawn by force, and the international community was exposed as utterly unable to stop it from happening. Ukraine has been invaded by Russia without Moscow admitting anything of the sort, though Ukraine’s own government doesn’t have entirely clean hands either.

More than 2,000 people, most of them civilians, died in Gaza and Israel over the summer, the latest in a recurring cycle of violence in which both sides seem increasingly indifferent to casualties and fail to recognize their own long-term interests. (Nobel Prizes have been awarded for that peace process, too.)

This was the year that the international media finally, if briefly, started paying attention to Boko Haram’s campaign of terror in northern Nigeria. (Nigeria actually led the world in terrorism fatalities in the first half of 2014.) But that conflict’s been developing for a long while as well. The world’s newest country, South Sudan—a darling of the international aid community, not to mention George Clooney—also collapsed into a civil war that seemed inevitable since its founding.

This was the year that three countries in West Africa were devastated by a disease that would probably have been containable if decades of civil war and kleptocratic rule hadn’t left those countries with threadbare public health systems and populations understandably suspicious of those in power.

And this was the year that we learned that the side with tear gas, truncheons, and pepper spray gets to decide what “one country, two systems” really means.

I don’t think the world is a hopeless maelstrom of violence. Good things have happened in the past 12 months as well. Three of the world’s five largest countries—India, Indonesia, and this week, Brazil—are holding democratic elections, and there’s been major progress on containing AIDS and tuberculosis, which are among the world’s deadliest diseases.
[364words]

[Time 4]
Even so, it’s hard to find anyone deserving of a Peace Prize in 2014. The original purpose of the Nobel Peace Prize was to reward the person who “shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.” And on that score, there was not much to report this year.

The committee should follow the example of the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, the world’s most generous prize given to individuals, with an outlay of $5 million over 10 years plus $200,000 per annum after that. The prize has simply not been granted in three of the six years it has existed because no suitable candidates were found. This has served the prize’s goal—highlighting and compensating former African heads of state who governed well while in office and stepped down when they were supposed to—better than watering down the criteria.

The Nobel Peace Prize was not awarded on 19 occasions, including for most of the duration of the two world wars. The most recent year in which the prize wasn’t granted was 1972. If the prize doesn’t get handed out, the monetary award (about $1.1 million) “shall be reserved until the following year,” according to the Nobel website.

Some of the names up for discussion this year are quite deserving. Malala Yousafzai, who has promoted the education of girls in rural Pakistan in the face of Taliban violence, and Denis Mukwege, who has advocated on behalf of victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo, are both doing remarkable work. And I certainly don’t mean to denigrate the efforts of the many activists, aid workers, and officials working for peace in difficult circumstances around the world.

But if the committee really wants to send a powerful message to world leaders after a not-so-peaceful year, there’s only one way to do that: Give one of the world’s most famous awards to absolutely no one.
[339words]

Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/10/06/nobel_peace_prize_2014_introducing_this_year_s_winner_nobody.html

Why the Taliban Fears Teenage Girls

[Time 5]
On Friday, the Nobel Peace Prize for 2014 was awarded to Kailash Satyarthi, an Indian child’s rights activist, and Malala Yousafzai, a young Pakistani education activist. In 2012, after Yousafzai was shot in the head by the Taliban, William J. Dobson explained in Slate why the fundamentalists see her as a threat. His post is reprinted below.

Pakistan is a beautiful country that often bleeds with the most horrible news. Yesterday was no exception, as word spread that Malala Yousafzai, a 14-year-old girl and well-known advocate for female education, had been shot in the head and neck on her way home from school. No one was surprised who was behind the vicious attack on the ninth-grader. The Pakistani Taliban quickly took responsibility, claiming she was guilty of “promoting Western culture in Pashtun areas.” According to another girl injured in the attack, Taliban gunmen stopped their school bus. A militant asked which girl was Malala, and then opened fire.

Even in a place that has experienced no shortage of violence, like the Swat Valley in northwest Pakistan where Yousafzai lives, yesterday’s attack was met with disbelief. The young Pakistani activist made a name for herself when she began blogging about life under the Taliban for BBC Urdu at age 11. The Pakistan government awarded her its first National Youth Peace Prize last year. After the attack, Yousafzai was airlifted to a hospital in Peshawar. As of Wednesday morning, surgeons had removed the bullet from her head and she was listed in stable condition. If she does indeed recover, Taliban militants promise they will try to kill her again.
[267 words]

[Time 6]
Of course they do. A teenage girl speaking out for girls’ education is just about the most terrifying thing in the world for the Taliban. She is not some Western NGO activist who just parachuted into Pashtun country to hand out ESL textbooks. She is far more dangerous than that: a local, living advocate of progress, education, and enlightenment. If people like Yousafzia were to multiply, the Taliban would have no future.

It’s not just the symbolism of a young girl challenging their retrograde Islamist vision that should frighten them. The substance of her ideas is lethal, too. Studies suggest that educating girls is about the closest thing we have to a silver-bullet solution for countries suffering from poverty, instability, and general inequity—or, in other words, the very conditions that allow a group like the Taliban to thrive. The social returns from girls’ education in these places are astounding and consistently include higher household income, improved child nutrition, smaller family size, a more active civil society, and better local services. The benefits can be political as well. One survey of 100 countries found that educating girls encouraged a more participatory society, and hence made these places more receptive to democratic reform. And countries that become wealthier, safer, more stable, and civically active don’t offer much of a future for the medieval Islamist throwbacks who set out yesterday to kill Yousafzai. So we shouldn’t be surprised that she topped their target list. For the Taliban, an outspoken, freethinking 14-year-old girl is the beginning of the end.
[256 words]
Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor.html

MAGGIEHE1993

Part III: Obstacle

Patrick Modiano, winner of this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature, is a paradox

[Paraphrase 7]
Patrick Modiano, winner of this year’s Nobel Prize in literature, is a paradox. He writes bestsellers but shuns the media. His novels sound autobiographical, yet his declared subject is a historical period that ended just before he was born. His style is clear and simple, but it masks complex time frames, unreal scenarios and a narrator who often seems to know little about the story he is in charge of. He is a household name in France but almost unknown outside his own country. This is one reason why the recipient of this year’s literature prize may come as something of a surprise to the world at large, if not to his faithful and numerous Francophone readers.

Even for those of us who have been reading and loving his books for several decades, this honor establishing him as a “grand man of letters” seems somehow not to fit the media-shy author. Can it really be that this recluse — famously inarticulate on the French literary program “Apostrophes” and always reluctant to give interviews — has been dragged into the limelight to be given the greatest literary accolade of all?

Modiano himself has always played down his own achievements, as well as the status of his chosen medium, the novel. In 1975, after four successful novels, Modiano — in a rare interview — claimed that the novel was an “anachronistic” genre that had ”slipped away” from public view. His heroes are known for slipping away, too; they’re shadowy, furtive figures modeled on himself (they tend to be tall, dark, shy and not good at interviews). In story­lines that are reminiscent of classic detective novels, his heroes set off on their searches into the past, trying to solve mysteries rooted in the period of the Occupation, Modiano’s avowed obsession.

The Occupation of France by the Nazis during World War II — along with the collaboration of many French nationals and the murder of French Jews — is a dirty pocket of French history that was not much discussed following the Allied victory. After Charles de Gaulle inaugurated the Fifth Republic, the general tendency was to stop talking about les années noires. It was only authors of a later generation — such as Modiano, whose guilt was inherited rather than personal — who proved able to explore this painful period. His first novel, about an anti-Semitic Jew who leads a colorful and surreal existence during the war, was published in 1968. “Missing Person,” published in 1978, is another highlight, about an amnesiac detective who goes on a hunt for his own identity during the Occupation. “Honeymoon” (1990), the story of a young Jewish woman who disappears in 1942, is also a gripping read.

Modiano’s novels are usually built around several time frames. They might start off in the 1980s, go back to the 1960s to evoke his youth and then suddenly shelve down into the 1940s to reveal a crucial link between a friend of his deceased parents and the woman he is dating in the present. Or the link will not be crucial; it will simply be a case of what might have been, the possibility that one ephemeral life that was extinguished during the Occupation might have brushed past another who has happened to survive.

In “Dora Bruder” (1997), Modiano gave up fiction and tried to re-create the real life of the heroine of “Honeymoon,” relating the few facts he had recovered about her movements in 1941 to his own wanderings through the Parisian streets as an adolescent in the 1960s, and to his walks in the 1990s. Gaps in his knowledge evoke the poignancy of the subject, as, in the end, Modiano has to concede that he still knows almost nothing about the girl, except that she was eventually arrested by the Gestapo and ended her days in Auschwitz.

Modiano tells all this in a limpid, almost classical prose that belies the ugliness of the events and facts. His writing is extremely readable, which is perhaps the reason for both his popularity in France and his relative lack of academic recognition (his novels are taught more in English-speaking universities than in French ones). Yet his clear writing eases the reader through instances of formal experimentation that would not be out of place in a Paul Auster novel: bewildering shifts in time, multiple appearances of “Patrick,” who may or may not be the author, and apparently real settings transformed into strange, hallucinatory spaces.

Light is something Modiano is good at describing, and many of the scenes in his novels are almost cinematic in their visual impact. Modiano co-wrote the screenplay of “Lacombe, Lucien” (1974), directed by Louis Malle, and has carried on to make more films, such as “The Son of Gascogne” (Pascal Aubier, 1995) and “Bon Voyage” (Jean-Paul Rappeneau, 2003).

His prose also achieves a difficult feat, which is to get French readers to face, time and time again, the unspeakable acts of betrayal and cowardice perpetuated during the Occupation. The detective novel framework, the clear style, the diffident narrators — all this makes it deceptively simple for readers to occupy the narrator’s seat in Modiano’s novels. The narrator of “Missing Person” introduces himself saying, “I am nothing. Nothing but a pale shape, silhouetted that evening against the cafe terrace.”

The joy of reading a Modiano novel is to slip into that silhouette, to make the journey through the decades of French history and then — sometimes, suddenly — experience all the horror of the past at the same time as the immunity conferred by its distance.

Kawakami lectures in modern French literature at Birkbeck, University of London. Her books include “A Self-Conscious Art: Patrick Modiano’s Postmodern Fictions.”
[937 words]

Source: Washingtonpost
http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/patrick-modiano-winner-of-this-years-nobel-prize-in-literature-is-a-paradox/2014/10/09/a93dd926-4fe3-11e4-aa5e-7153e466a02d_story.html

Going

占座！谢谢Maggie

Time 2  02:37

Time 3   02:24

Time 4   01:56

Time 5 01:57

Time 6   01:38

Obstacle   06:00

MAGGIEHE1993

今天忘自沙了

wangweiyi5332

占座！~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~·
Timer2 3:10  This year the Nobrie prize could best serve its mission by giving the prize to the person who most deserves it: nobody, because today's international society has been worse than the day before. Although the American leader Obama  won the prize the last term, his strategy and efforts do not make the world better.
Timer3 2:40
Many country collasped before, and one person who take charge of the 90 was given the prize of Nobile. these days the situation in West Africa become worse.
Timer4 3:04
The Nobel Peace Prize was granted to people who have done the most or the best work for the abolition and reduction the standing armies and for the promotion of peace congresses.
storeing the monetary award  that deserve to be granted can highlight the Nobel's goal rather than water down the criteria.
There are some candicates that are quite deserving. But if the committee really want to sent a powerful message to the world leards after a not-so-peaceful year, there is only one way to do this : give one of the world's most famous reward to no one.
Timer5 2:13
this year's Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to a 14-year old girl but she was attacked by an activist on her way to home. She was airlifed to a hospital after she was shoot and now she was in a stable condition  but he activist aclaimed they would kill her again.
Timer6 1:58
Obstacle :6:04
something about a French author who won a Nobel Literature Prize. He wrote many bestsellers but successfully shun from the exposure of  media. He was really a paradox.

sutingting

谢谢Maggie

Speaker:
Two Nobel Peace Prize Winners, Malala and Kailash, shared struggling against suppression of children and advoating for the educational right for kids.

Speed:
Time2-[3'16]
This year the Nobel Prize Committee could best give the Noble Peace Prize to the person who deserves it: nobody, to serve as an acknowledge and emphasis that this year has been a particularly violent year around the world.

Time3-[2'50]
Lots of violent and disturbing things happened in countries and districts.

Time4-[3'16]
It's hard to hind an ideal person who really deserves this price in such a violent and not-so-peaceful year.
An example is about the MI Prize which simply don't granted if no suitable candidates were found.
Therefore, it would be better for the Nobel Peace Prize rewarded to nobody as it once did in the past history, although there are still some people have struggled for peace, such as Malala.

Time5-[2'14]
The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Malala, a young Pakistant education girl who adovates for the educational rights for children and becomes a threat to Taliban. Y., another activist, was shoot by Taliban and was listed in stable condition.
Time6-[2'14]
Educated women will bring a huge progress to a country or a society, which will threat Taliban's benefits. So, Taliban will kill these freethinking girls who frighten them.

clarence6

time 2 2:13 no Nobel Prize for peace this year, presents several phenomena and recalls the past owner of this prize
time 3 1:44 describe several unpeaceful pictures such as this was the year balabala(此腔调让我想起了yes we can) such as Urkolan(how to spell?) invasion、aibola(此处是拼音)bala bala
time 4 1:53 serveral suggetions for Nobel Peace Prize and highlight that last year no one deserve it  and if the committee still do it ,the Nobel Prize will lose its meaning.
time 5 1:45 depicts the reason for the girl wins nobel prize
time 6 1:43 why taliban is afaid of this girl
time 7 5:14 nobel literature prize owner's writing style and the characteristcs of his articles(感觉像是意识流。。。)
第一天，学习完毕，就是p1 口音太重了，刚雅思也练完篇印度阿三的，没想到这里阿三又见阿三，果然是非一般的赶脚。。。

bitchyu

能把所有的狗去除，我不出国我绝对愿意！用我生命来交换我都愿意！下什么样子的血本我都愿意！

TVXQashley

time 1   2:16
time 2   2:12
time 3   1:49
time 4   1:46
time 5   1:29

obstacle  6:06

14/10/11