对于which跳跃修饰的困惑有没有人帮忙讲解一下 不胜感激啊亲们

sunyuwei

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
(A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
(B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission
(C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
(D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it,
(E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the substance, called proton- induced X-ray emission,
答案（A）

答案中which发生跳跃指代，而且emission不处于介词短语中，这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词emission，必须跳过分词修饰结构called …，修饰核心词technique。因此总结的结果是必须要跳跃过分词修饰语修饰核心词

但是OG13 48题让我产生了疑问
It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America's Lake Superior.

A. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers
B. Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers
C. Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering
D. Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers
E. Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering
OG对于A的解释是A
The referent of which is unclear. Grammatically, its antecedent cannot be the landlocked Caspian, so it must be either Earth or the largest lake on Earth. The latter is a little odd, because the sentence has already said that the lake in question is the Caspian, so one would expect and instead of which. For these reasons and because Earth immediately precedes which, the sentence appears to say, illogically, that Earth covers more than four times the surface area of Lake Superior.
OG的意思是which可以修饰earth ，可是On earth 不是介词短语做修饰的部分吗？不应该跳跃修饰吗？

暴躁的大叔

这种你只能一直困惑下去，因为没有哪条规则说这里可以跳跃那里不能跳跃。选最优的。

sunyuwei

暴躁的大叔 发表于 2014-9-17 14:03
这种你只能一直困惑下去，因为没有哪条规则说这里可以跳跃那里不能跳跃。选最优的。 ...

可是我真心不理解OG 13 48题的解释啊。。麻烦解释下呗

sunyuwei

还想听一下别的意见

旺财财

sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-17 21:18
还想听一下别的意见

这样吧，我今后不说我的想法，我直接问你的想法，让你自己思考。给你直接说的话，你反而更困惑
A.选项
a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can
这里为什么可以？
你觉得这个结构，仅限这个结构
在说什么？它的意思表达了什么   called前后两个 noun什么关系？
A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which 这又是什么关系？跟A一样么？
如果不一样，哪里不一样、？意义区别在哪里？

sunyuwei

旺财财 发表于 2014-9-17 21:57
这样吧，我今后不说我的想法，我直接问你的想法，让你自己思考。给你直接说的话，你反而更困惑
A.选项
a  ...

我认为前面这句话的核心是technique, called 后面的部分是一个修饰部分，意思是叫p的这个technique blabla  called 前后的两个名词其实没什么区别。
我感觉第二句跟第一句是不一样的但是我又说不出个所以然 ，在分析句子的时候我还是觉得which修饰的是a technique 只不过第二句多说了一层含义，a technique的作用是什么。
我不明白这样的分析对修饰有什么作用。。。

真的是太麻烦你了 我被自己蠢哭了

旺财财

sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-17 22:37
我认为前面这句话的核心是technique, called 后面的部分是一个修饰部分，意思是叫p的这个technique blabl ...

这是我摘地一位大神的话你看看有没有点启发。



GMAT句子改错部分，需要语法知识么？当然！语法是语言的基础，你看到的每一句话都包含了各种各样的语法知识。但，GMAT考的是这些么？

现在，请你认真思考一下：
一个设计之初，就需要美国人参加的研究生级的选拔类型的考试，它的考点会在英语语法这种基础的不能再基础的知识上么？

sunyuwei

旺财财 发表于 2014-9-18 08:16
这是我摘地一位大神的话你看看有没有点启发。

我明白GMAT考的是逻辑  可是我觉得我总是觉得每个句子在符合语法情况的基础上逻辑上存在多种理解 我就根据这个排除选项了

我理解的GMAT考点就是 理解他所要表达的真正含义然后在满足语法的接触上找到另一种解释我就赢了 当然前提是我要懂语法 如果 SVO,which which修饰的不可能是S 我也就不能这么去理解 对吗？

sunyuwei

旺财财 发表于 2014-9-18 08:16
这是我摘地一位大神的话你看看有没有点启发。

是这样的我想说说我的想法 真心麻烦你了
我觉得做题的时候 就像你说的GMAT 不会纯考语法 出来 she are这样基础性的语法知识外其实更多的还是考逻辑
所以我会先去考虑这句话作者想表达的真正意思，比如说 It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers .我分析出作者想表达的含义是the landlocked caspian covers，但是有一个rule 说是which 不能跳跃谓语动词修饰，那么which 修饰的要么是earth 要么是the largest lake on earth.到这一步OG 的解释我还是可以接受的。然后OG说which修饰earth有歧义，我认为站在逻辑的角度上看，earth covers 我觉得在逻辑上是不可能成立的，因而不会有歧义 OG的解释which修饰earth有歧义，那么他岂不是站在了语法的角度上了？

旺财财

sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-18 08:46
是这样的我想说说我的想法 真心麻烦你了
我觉得做题的时候 就像你说的GMAT 不会纯考语法 出来 she are这样 ...

然后OG说which修饰earth有歧义，我认为站在逻辑的角度上看，earth covers 我觉得在逻辑上是不可能成立的，因而不会有歧义 OG的解释which修饰earth有歧义，那么他岂不是站在了语法的角度上了？

这里偏了，我不是告诉你G完全不考语法，为什么有语法？是为了有效 准确的传递我们的意思，才构造了语法，过犹不及的道理想来你也懂，我们之所以强调逻辑或者语义，是因为有些句子语法是正确的，而逻辑是absurd的，但是如果你先入为主认为某些修饰成分就应该按照你理解的方向去attach也是不对的——语法这时候的作用就体现出来了：类似数学公式，如果你的思路错了，你懂再多的公式你能解题么？而如果你懂得思路但是你把公式记错了，你能得到正确答案么？——同心同理。

注意你也觉得这里earth跟后面which从句语义不对，对吧。如果你走不出语法思路那也成，我换个说法，这里in earth是前面的状语，所以A OF B这个有效整体不存在，which可以指代earth也可以指代the largest lake 。unfortunately，earth距离which更近，所以错了，这是语法。~~~

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