【Native Speaker每日综合训练—40系列】【40-18】文史哲 apathy

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内容：Fffffionabear 编辑：Fffffionabear

公益申请名额，每月一名

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Part I: Speaker

The antidote to apathy

Source: TED Talk
http://www.ted.com/talks/dave_meslin_the_antidote_to_apathy/transcript?language=en
[Rephrase 1, 6:52]

ffffionabear

Part II: Speed

What Is the Answer to Apathy and Ignorance in the World?
We need moderation taught passionately! And passion itself taught, too.
BY PAUL DE VRIES , SPECIAL TO CP
July 3, 2014|7:33 am

[Time 2]
At the end of June 2014, it was my privilege to participate in a by-invitation-only two-day meeting with the Council on Foreign Relations, and experience the priceless opportunity of hanging out with some top experts on a variety of strategic international issues. Discussions were joyfully mind-stretching and yet very often painfully gut-wrenching as we learned even more details of some of the deeply tragic situations our world is facing.

Change is all around us. One area of catastrophic change has been the exploitation by radical Muslim Internet sites to recruit young people in America and Europe for their violent Jihadist groups. Many young men and women of various backgrounds live in a vacuum of values. They have no deep sense of purpose, no existential commitments, no purposeful passion. Many spend hours on the Internet every day, engaging in extended, revealing conversations with people they never meet, whose real names and purposes they never learn. Their in-born hunger for social contact is not being satisfied in healthy ways, and their innate desire to know their Creator is not being addressed or fulfilled at all.
[183 words]

[Time 3]
These young people are drawn by claims that if they sign up for a cause, they can come to Syria (or wherever), meet exciting people, help liberate the oppressed, get training, camp out, change the world, and have fun in the process. And so these "lost sheep" commit to a Jihadist group, even though they have little or no personal affiliation with Islam. Instead, the models of passion that they see so attract them that they leave the "contented comforts" of their American neighborhoods to sign up for complex conflicts they do not understand. These young, impressionable acolytes to one violent Jihad or another may be theologically clueless. They never learned any spiritual doctrines as children, and their minds and their souls still abhor vacuums. To help address this worsening values vacuum, smart people at Google created "Abdulla X—mind of a scholar, heart of a warrior," with some intriguing YouTube clips. A Google executive told our conference that Abdulla X may be only a drop in the bucket of urgent need, but "it is the only drop."

Internationally we have both a passion gap and a moderation gap. Many see present American leadership in religion and in government as both weak and ineffective. Many of those same people are becoming convinced that Jihadist leadership in other countries has become strong and effective. What was the message from the experts convened by the Council on Foreign Relations? In our time, we need moderation to be taught passionately! And we need wholesome passion itself taught, too.  No one likes lethargy.
[259 words]

[Time 4]
Education in passion makes sense, as does passion in education. It is like the old joke:
Susan says: What do you think of the present ignorance and lethargy?
Steve responds: I don't know, and I don't care.

Sadly, Steve's attitude is all too pervasive in our world – in America and elsewhere.
As we celebrate American Independence Day, the 4th of July, we are duly reminded of the deep passions that made such a difference in protecting the God-given rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Ignorance and lethargy remain hostile to these precious rights. That is why vigilance is always necessary. We may sing about "the land of the free and the home of the brave" – but in a deeper sense America is the land of the free because of the brave. And that essential bravery takes passion.
[121 words]

[Time 5]
Now is the time to fill in the passion vacuums with precious, Godly passion – a passion that satisfies our essential hunger and that is virtuously viral to others, too. Please let me suggest two awesome models of contagious passion, models that also support the desirable moderation.

The first model is Soren Kierkegaard (1823-1855), a committed evangelical Christian, a gifted Danish writer, and the most significant voice in shaping existentialism. Some may think of existentialism as non-Christian or even anti-Christian. However, the main existentialist point is rooted in the Gospel – that each person must make their own deep spiritual commitments that shape their own character. Kierkegaard believed that the best spiritual commitments are the ones that are guided by the vibrant grace of God made possible through the ministry of our Lord Jesus Christ. Secular existentialists strip away the Gospel teachings of Kierkegaard, but they hang on to his radical insistence on personal responsibility within profound spiritual freedom. Evangelist Billy Graham's wise, ubiquitous emphasis on decision in each person's life makes the same point. And not to decide is to decide badly.

Such grace-based spiritual freedom is the best antidote to Jihadist exploitation and oppression. Existential freedom fully supports all people's right to choose their religion and values – and also to choose to change their religion and values. This is why the Gospel is transmitted by witness, not by warfare.  To support the full exercise of freedom in the Christian-dominated culture of his time, Kierkegaard even wrote books under contrived names to advocate for positions that were contrary to the Gospel. He wanted to do his part to guarantee that people could actually choose Christ in contrast to other choices, not just mouthing comfortably what were then the culturally acceptable assumptions. Such profound spiritual freedom is the worst headache for Jihadism. Such grace-based freedom of choice is also the best guarantee of moderation.
[312 words]

[Time 6]
As Kierkegaard correctly saw it, the Gospel fuels the deepest passions and most healthy commitments to the eternal Truth, alloyed with the ultimate respect, tolerance and moderation in relationships with others. What a model!

The ultimate model of contagious passion that also supports exemplary moderation is the Lord Jesus Christ himself. The method of Jesus and of all those who represent him is the attractive invitation to come to him. There is no place for force. "Come to me all who are weary and burdened," he still says. "I will draw all people to myself," is still his method. When Jesus himself called upon people to follow him, if they declined, with sadness he let them go. Hopefully, some of those came back to him. Only the freely made commitments of our hearts, minds, and bodies matter. Forced "faithfulness" is harmful only. Moderation and mutual respect release Gospel grace to do its amazing work. And that Gospel grace remains the ultimate "gas" to fuel both sustainable passion and maintainable moderation.

Talk about passion! To meet Jesus and to walk with him in our lives today liberates the special joy, love, hope, and faith that continue to fuel our wholesome passion. Jesus remains the prime reservoir of passion, so stay close to him. He exemplifies passion, exudes passion, and exports passion into us and others, by his divine Spirit and amazing grace.
In 2014, we are in a passion drought of our own making – as even the experts recognize. It is time to take the gag and handcuffs off Jesus. Let him work his amazing grace in our lives, unrestrained – for our sakes, and also for our passion-deprived world. Are we ready?
[281 words]
Source: The Christian Post
http://www.christianpost.com/news/what-is-the-answer-to-apathy-and-ignorance-in-the-world-122582/

ffffionabear

Part III: Obstacle

Apathy towards apathy

[Paraphrase 7]
Not too many foreigners may have experienced the effect of bystander apathy in China first hand, but if you pay attention to the Chinese media there's a clear image painted of a substantial societal issue.
In China and many other places around the planet there's a group phenomenon known as bystander apathy which works by allowing individuals to ignore an emergency of another person because they're certain that someone else will be kind enough to step on and help.

Ultimately, everyone works themselves into this mode of thought and people, who would otherwise be perfectly capable of supporting an individual, disregard it. Are these people individually bad? Certainly not.
This kind of mob mentality can affect even the most consciences bystanders who would otherwise be perfectly willing to help. Scientific research and experiments have shown that people who are under the impression that they're the sole individual witnessing a crime or an injury, will step in. Those same people would not step in if they were within a large group. It's certainly not cowardice or being a neglectful person, it's just how being in a group can set up this illusion that the problem doesn't require their assistance.

In China, we constantly see stories about accidents that go over looked because of two reasons. The first reason being is fraud and scamming. Often times, a person will play injured in order to draw assistance from a stranger. Upon the arrival of a random Good Samaritan, the scam artist will then claim that they were pushed down by the unfortunate victim. The second reason is because of bystander apathy. Where does this bystander apathy come from, and why do we see it so often in China, versus the United States? China has a massive population density in the urban cities which is generally unmatched by most of America. This population density leads to a far more prominent disparity in the ratio of the victim/bystanders. So now the people, who would otherwise assist someone, feel significantly less compelled to do so.

Many people keep excusing bystander apathy and claiming that it is something not worth addressing because of the instances in which people have been scammed by actors who only claim to be injured so that they can swindle victims out of money. While this has happened before, it’s only an excuse by those who wish to further themselves from an incident. It’s just another selfish defense mechanism that does nothing but put to shift the blame from bystander apathy to a really nonexistent third party. We’ve seen instances of this kind of scam perpetrated before but is it really so wide-spread that it would change the collective conscious of all bystanders? Considering how extensively the urban areas of China are surveilled with various cameras, it would seem like the scammers could be caught in the act. If the insurances of cameras aren’t sufficient enough, maybe it would be under consideration for the government to enact laws which would protect the good samaritans.

In America, there's a running disdain for what is described as an appeal for cowboy heroism. A lot of people parade around with the deluded idea that if there was some kind of incident occurring, they will be the one to save the day. There's a lot to blame for this kind of air-headed mentality; from the media we're brought up on, the open gun rights which allow anyone to become a wannabe vigilante, and the magnitude of American confidence. People will often warrant their right to carry fire arms in public by stating that of there's a robbery, they can attack the perpetrator like some kind of wild-west gunslinger. While this may seem pretty irrational and generally abrasive on people who would rather not be exposed to a gun-wielding narcissist at a coffee shop, there are upsides. This kind of mentality almost ensures that if there's an injustice going on, someone will step in. People will step into issues when it's none of their business in America, or even if there's no real problem to be had. People love to no only overlook, but to be a part of. They clamor for the spot light and want the fantasies that they gain from media influences to become reality.

What's the main reason for Chinese bystander apathy and why are there higher instances of it versus other countries who even have higher population density? Most of it would stem from China's real issues with competition for survival over the years and how that has progressed into a new form of competition. By competition I don't mean the phony capitalistic, office politics competition; I mean real competition through ration lines and crowds. Now that survivalist competition has quickly changed in one generation to hyper-capitalistic competition. There's an increasing pressure from competition in the work place, competition in school, and the heckling of family members in order to succeed, succeed, succeed. It seems like some youth are starting to disenfranchise themselves from this mode of thinking by rebelling against the institution of marriage and all the pressure that it brings. That doesn't change the fact that at their heart, the Chinese can be aggressively competitive, because they have to be. This kind of mindset makes it incredibly easy to step over people in need and to abandon those who need help. Does this make them necessarily bad or impolite as compared to other countries? No. We shouldn't play the blame game against the entire Chinese populace but instead the more consciences people should make a real effect to help those in need rather than filming their demise and posting it on Weibo. Instead, those people should see that it takes a random person no more than a few minutes to pause what they're doing and help out. If you have the energy and time to expend on filming or photographing someone, you have the time to help them. As Chinese people start to cool down from this bout of hyper-competition, they'll eventually start looking at others not as competitors, but as comrades. China does not need the American heroism and all the ridiculousness that it would bring forth, it just needs people to realize that society functions through support, not competition. We don't live in a battle arena, we live in Tianjin.

As an American, it’s a very perplexing and interesting phenomenon which I had never experienced until traveling abroad. While America does have several dense cities a great number of us reside in more suburban environments where crimes are not often just over looked. Neighborhood watch is always keeping an eye on well-being of their community. While they often do this to make sure that no one outside of their socio-economic and racial status is lingering around their homes, it does have its benefits. It really seems that many of the perks of the American urban lifestyle are a double edged sword, they are good aspects of a flawed system. Instead, in China there’s an opportunity to have all the benefits without any of the drawbacks. It’s time for people to start shifting the way they look at others, in order to allow for a safer community.
[1197 words]
Source: Exploring TianJin
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/tianjin2012/2014-08/13/content_18303581.htm

小蘑菇开始打怪

先占座~~~~
--------

speaker:

some factors lead to apathy

things we can do to confront apathy

all thing will happen

time2:

how does the story  begin

life of muslim people

time3:

passion gap&moderation gap

we need

time4:

passion in education

time5:

two models

grace-based spiritual freedom

time6:

jesus

attractive invitation

time7:

bystander apathy

individual& in a group

people density

fell down->charge for money->apathy

competition

double edged sword for US

plpa

Time2 1'08'' Meeting on international issues...tragic situation facing... challenges...exploitation of Muslim Internet...value of vacuum for young people without purpose
Time3 2'26'' what draws the young people to join the J group...they leave their own values and live in a vacuum of values...how society respond to this tight situation(sb. play an important role but the effect is limited)...
What should America do to face the challenge of moderation..
Time4 1'38''这里有一段跟Time3重复了 education in passion and passion in education...an example illustrate the pervasive public attitude...the American Independence day...passion and bravery
Time5 2'48'' two models help to transfer the passion into moderation... the first model is mentioned by SK and Gospel talking about the spiritual freedom.
Time6 1'55'' Acknowledgement of the SK model...The ultimate model is related to the lord Jesus Christ...How it benefits believers and turns the passion into moderation...The author appeals to find passion with Christ

Obstacle:6'31''
Bystander apathy in China...initial discussion of this phenomenon...two reasons why accidents go over looked...Population factor(denser in China)...Compared to the cowboy heroism in America(some irrational behavior but it guarantee someone would step in justice)...Excuses and Claims about scamming...The main reason beside the population is the hyper-competition...American neighbor watching...how China should do and the benefits in the future
谢谢ffffionabear!

Vickyoo

谢谢！！
1、2’34“ The author describe a meeting he took part in as an introduction, then said that the youth has a desire to contact on the internet.2、3’20"
3、2’01"
4、5’09"
5、1’51"
Obstacle:10’11”
The author talks about the phenomenon of bystander, and discuss the reasons why it is so popular in China, he took America as a contrast. He believes that the relationship between Chinese is more of a competition rather than a company, this is the main reason. At the end of the passage, he gives an example in the US, and emphasis his opinion.

slave918

Speaker:

the man is quite positive about the apathy, suggesting that itis not just internal syndrome, but it is associated by the complex environment.
He offered 6 reasons that leads to apathy, and encouraged individuals to worktogether to dismantle all the obstacles.

T2 1:22
The author been invited to a meeting, haring a a lot tragic situations.
Many young man and women who live in a vacuum of values are recruited byJihadist group.
T3 1:47
These people are exploited by Jihadist group.

T4 1:11
The author proposes that people need wholesome leaders not someone like lethargy.
The author critics now many people are of ignorance and lethargy inAmerica.

T5
A model which are also supports moderation is existentialism which isthe best antidote to Jihadist.

T6
another model is jesus.

T7 9:54
2 reasons of bystanders phenomenon:
1. fraud
2. apathy
However, the first reason are not convincing since 1. there are manycameras 2. it is not pervasive.
In us, since people have heroism, they would like to step in.
In china, since the competition, Chinese have the apathy.

yyc8587

attend two-day meeting and situtation in RMIS

1'03"22

values cauum on young people

1'29"97


why America become brave

0'37"49

two models of passion--SK

2'2"79

ultimate model of contagious passion

1'6"08

ZOEYZHANG114

thank you. Most of chinese young are struggling for their future.

洋沫沫

time 2: 2'08
time 3:2'48
time 4: 1'51
time 5:3'57
time 6: 2'43
Obstacle: 11'
In contrast to America, Chinese lacks consciences
why? two reasons: (1) played injuried; (2) larger group
but, it is excuse.
In America, heroism keep American provide help in public.
The real main reason for China is competition
American communities do well, if Chinese learn, the thing will be better.