【5月4日逻辑题目】

belinda_cao

50 Airline: Newly developed collision-avoidance systems, although notfully tested to discover potential malfunctions, must be installed immediatelyin passenger planes. Their mechanical warnings enable pilots to avoid crashes. Pilots: Pilots will not fly in planes with collision-avoidance systemsthat are not fully tested. Malfunctioning systems could mislead pilots, causing crashes. The pilots’ objection is most strengthened if which of the following istrue? (A) It is always possible for mechanical devices to malfunction. (B) Jet engines, although not fully tested when first put into use, haveachieved exemplary performance and safety records. (C) Although collision-avoidance systems will enable pilots to avoid somecrashes, the likely malfunctions of the not-fully-tested systems will causeeven more crashes. (D) Many airline collisions are caused in part by the exhaustion ofoverworked pilots. C (E)Collision-avoidance systems, at this stage of development, appear to haveworked better in passenger planes than in cargo planes during experimentalflights made over a six-month period. 53. Two decades after the Emerald River Dam was built, none of the eightfish species native to the Emerald River was stillreproducing adequately in the river below the dam. Since the dam reduced theannual range of water temperature in the river below the dam from 50 degrees to6 degrees, scientists have hypothesized that sharply rising water temperaturesmust be involved in signaling the native species to begin the reproductivecycle. Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen thescientists’ hypothesis? (A) The native fish species were still able to reproduce only in sidestreams of the river below the dam where the annual temperature range remainsapproximately 50 degrees. (B) Before the dam was built, the Emerald Riverannually overflowed its banks, creating backwaters that were critical breedingareas for the native species of fish. (C) The lowest recorded temperature of the Emerald Riverbefore the dam was built was 34 degrees, whereas the lowest recordedtemperature of the river after the dam was built has been 43 degrees. (D)Nonnative species of fish, introduced into the Emerald Riverafter the dam was built, have begun competing with the declining native fishspecies for food and space. A (E) Five of the fish species native to the EmeraldRiver are not native to any otherriver in North America. 55. In recent years many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim asartists. But since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise theircraft with an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason,cabinetmaking is not art. Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing theconclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion? (A) Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not beused by anyone. (B) Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with the practicalutility of the products they produce. (C) Cabinetmakers should be moreconcerned with the practical utility of their products than they currently are. (D) An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to theobject’s practical utility. (E) Artists are not concerned with the monetary value of their products. 60. Since the routine use of antibiotics can give rise to resistantbacteria capable of surviving antibiotic environments, the presence ofresistant bacteria in people could be due to the human use of prescriptionantibiotics. Some scientists, however, believe that most resistant bacteria inpeople derive from human consumption of bacterially infected meat. Which of the following statements, if true, would most significantlystrengthen the hypothesis of the scientists? (A) Antibiotics are routinely included in livestock feed so that livestockproducers can increase the rate of growth of their animals. (B) Most people who develop food poisoning from bacterially infected meatare treated with prescription antibiotics. (C) The incidence of resistant bacteria in people has tended to be muchhigher in urban areas than in rural areas where meat is of comparable quality. (D) People who have never taken prescription antibiotics are those leastlikely to develop resistant bacteria. (E) Livestock producers claim that resistant bacteria in animals cannot betransmitted to people through infected meat. 66. Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers.Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations ofbowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building anddecorative styles, researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds’ buildingstyles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusiondrawn by the researchers? (A) There are more common characteristics than there are differences amongthe bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has beenstudied most extensively (B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bower-building and apparently spendyears watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bowerstyle. (C) The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers andornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird. (D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guineaand Australia,where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with oneanother. (E) It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learnedrather than transmitted genetically. 74. Many breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamin supplements. Some ofthese cereals provide 100 percent of the recommended daily requirement ofvitamins. Nevertheless, a well-balanced breakfast, including a variety offoods, is a better source of those vitamins than are such fortified breakfastcereals alone. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the positionabove? (A) In many foods, the natural combination of vitamins with othernutrients makes those vitamins more usable by the body than are vitamins addedin vitamin supplements. (B) People who regularly eat cereals fortified with vitamin supplementssometimes neglect to eat the foods in which the vitamins occur naturally. (C)Foods often must be fortified with vitamin supplements becausenaturally occurring vitamins are removed during processing. (D) Unprocessed cereals are naturally high in several of the vitamins thatare usually added to fortified breakfast cereals. (E) Cereals containing vitamin supplements are no harder to digest thansimilar cereals without added vitamins.