【4月30日逻辑题目】

belinda_cao

32. A recent spate of launching and operating mishaps with television satellites led to a corresponding surge in claims against companies underwriting satellite insurance. As a result, insurance premiums shot up, making satellites more expensive to launch and operate. This, in turn, has added to the pressure to squeeze more performance out of currently operating satellites. Which of the following, if true, taken together with the information above, best supports the conclusion that the cost of television satellites will continue to increase? A. Since the risk to insurers of satellites is spread over relatively few units, insurance premiums are necessarily very high. B. When satellites reach orbit and then fail, the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint with confidence. C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those satellites break down. D. Most satellites are produced in such small numbers that no economies of scale can be realized. E. Since many satellites are built by unwieldy international consortia, inefficiencies are inevitable. 34. In 1985 state border colleges in Texas lost the enrollment of more than half, on average, of the Mexican nationals they had previously served each year. Teaching faculties have alleged that this extreme drop resulted from a rise in tuition for international and out-of-state students from $ 40 to $ 120 per credit hour. Which of the following, if feasible, offers the best prospects for alleviating the problem of the drop in enrollment of Mexican nationals as the teaching faculties assessed it? A. Providing grants-in-aid to Mexican nationals to study in Mexican universities. B. Allowing Mexican nationals to study in Texas border colleges and to pay in-state tuition rates, which are the same as the previous international rate C. Reemphasizing the goals and mission of the Texas state border colleges as serving both in-state students and Mexican nationals D. Increasing the financial resources of Texas colleges by raising the tuition for in-state students attending state institutions E. Offering career counseling for those Mexican nationals who graduate from state border colleges and intend to return to Mexico 35. Affirmative action is good business. So asserted the National Association of Manufacturers while urging retention of an executive order requiring some federal contractors to set numerical goals for hiring minorities and women. “Diversity in work force participation has produced new ideas in management, product development, and marketing,” the association claimed. The association’s argument as it is presented in the passage above would be most strengthened if which of the following were true? A. The percentage of minority and women workers in business has increased more slowly than many minority and women’s groups would prefer. B. Those businesses with the highest percentages of minority and women workers are those that have been the most innovative and profitable. C. Disposable income has been rising as fast among minorities and women as among the population as a whole. D. The biggest growth in sales in the manufacturing sector has come in industries that market the most innovative products. E. Recent improvements in management practices have allowed many manufacturers to experience enormous gains in worker productivity. 37. If the airspace around centrally located airports were restricted to commercial airliners and only those private planes equipped with radar, most of the private-plane traffic would be forced to sue outlying airfields. Such a reduction in the amount of private-plane traffic would reduce the risk of midair collision around the centrally located airports. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn in the second sentence? A. Commercial airliners are already required by law to be equipped with extremely sophisticated radar systems. B. Centrally located airports are experiencing overcrowded airspace primarily because f sharp increases in commercial-airline traffic. C. Many pilots of private planes would rather buy radar equipment than be excluded from centrally located airports. D. The number of midair collisions that occur near centrally located airports has decreased in recent years. E. Private planes not equipped with radar systems cause a disproportionately large number of midair collisions around centrally located airports. 50 Airline: Newly developed collision-avoidance systems, although not fully tested to discover potential malfunctions, must be installed immediately in passenger planes. Their mechanical warnings enable pilots to avoid crashes. Pilots: Pilots will not fly in planes with collision-avoidance systems that are not fully tested. Malfunctioning systems could mislead pilots, causing crashes. The pilots’ objection is most strengthened if which of the following is true? (A) It is always possible for mechanical devices to malfunction. (B) Jet engines, although not fully tested when first put into use, have achieved exemplary performance and safety records. (C) Although collision-avoidance systems will enable pilots to avoid some crashes, the likely malfunctions of the not-fully-tested systems will cause even more crashes. (D) Many airline collisions are caused in part by the exhaustion of overworked pilots. (E) Collision-avoidance systems, at this stage of development, appear to have worked better in passenger planes than in cargo planes during experimental flights made over a six-month period. 53. Two decades after the Emerald River Dam was built, none of the eight fish species native to the Emerald River was still reproducing adequately in the river below the dam. Since the dam reduced the annual range of water temperature in the river below the dam from 50 degrees to 6 degrees, scientists have hypothesized that sharply rising water temperatures must be involved in signaling the native species to begin the reproductive cycle. Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the scientists’ hypothesis? (A) The native fish species were still able to reproduce only in side streams of the river below the dam where the annual temperature range remains approximately 50 degrees. (B) Before the dam was built, the Emerald River annually overflowed its banks, creating backwaters that were critical breeding areas for the native species of fish. (C) The lowest recorded temperature of the Emerald River before the dam was built was 34 degrees, whereas the lowest recorded temperature of the river after the dam was built has been 43 degrees. (D)Nonnative species of fish, introduced into the Emerald River after the dam was built, have begun competing with the declining native fish species for food and space. (E) Five of the fish species native to the Emerald River are not native to any other river in North America. 55. In recent years many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason, cabinetmaking is not art. Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion? (A) Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not be used by anyone. (B) Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with the practical utility of the products they produce. (C) Cabinetmakers should be more concerned with the practical utility of their products than they currently are. (D) An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the object’s practical utility. (E) Artists are not concerned with the monetary value of their products.