4月2日逻辑题目

韩小宁

1、Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago. Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water. Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth's saltwater oceans, these species must have had to return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink.

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?

A Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.  
B Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago, none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.  
C Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.  
D The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from fresh-water-drinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.  
E Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.  

2、Following several years of declining advertising sales, the Greenville Times reorganized its advertising sales force two years ago. Before the reorganization, the sales force was organized geographically, with some sales representatives concentrating on city-center businesses and others concentrating on different outlying regions. The reorganization attempted to increase the sales representatives' knowledge of clients' businesses by having each sales representative deal with only one type of industry or of retailing. After the reorganization, advertising sales increased.

In assessing whether the improvement in advertising sales can properly be attributed to the reorganization, it would be helpful to find out each of the following EXCEPT:

A Two years ago, what proportion of the Greenville Times's total revenue was generated by advertising sales?  
B Has the circulation of the Greenville Times increased substantially in the last two years?  
C Has there been a substantial turnover in personnel in the advertising sales force over the last two years?  
D Before the reorganization, had sales representatives found it difficult to keep up with relevant developments in all the types of businesses to which they were assigned?  
E Has the economy in Greenville and the surrounding regions been growing rapidly over the last two years?

3、Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

When people engage in activities that help others ,their brain releases endorphins, the brain's natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It has been suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people's longevity. And a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping others shows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. However, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not boost longevity, because____________.

A in the communities studied, women were much more likely to do regular volunteer work than men were, and women tend to live longer than men do.  
B the number of young adults who do regular volunteer work is on the increase  
C the feelings of well-being induced by endorphins can, at least for a time, mask the symptoms of various conditions and diseases, provided the symptoms are mild.  
D it is rare for a person to keep up a regular schedule of volunteer work throughout his or her life.  
E Some people find that keeping a commitment to do regular volunteer work becomes a source of stress in their lives.  

4、When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results. Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on no evading taxpayers to become heavier. This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?

A An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.  
B Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from year to year.  
C When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.  
D No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.  
E Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.

5、The sense of delayed gratification, of working now for later pleasure, has helped shape the economic behavior of our society. However, that sense is no longer nurtured as consistently in our children as it once was. For example, it used to take a bit of patience to put together the toys that children got in cereal boxes; now the toys come from the boxes whole.

Which of the following is an assumption of the passage above?

A The toys in cereal boxes have changed partly because the economic conditions of our society have improved.  
B The influence of promotion gimmicks on the economic behavior of our society has increased over the years.   
C The toys that used to come in cereal boxes were put together by the same children who played with them.   
D Part of the pleasure of any toy lie in putting the toy together before playing with it.   
E Today's children do not expect a single toy to provide pleasure for a long period of time.