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IR: 多源分析这个题印象比较深刻。 关键词：cable, FTTH, HTH (HTF), 300mile, 2500 houses Tab1: P1: 小区需要更换cable，有两种方法，1）FTTH; 2) HTF。 P2: 比较FTTH, HTH的优势，比如FTTH安装成本高，但保养成本低；HTF的安装成本低，但保养成本高。还介绍了FTTH的带宽更强大等优势。 P3: 这个镇子的人认为这两种方法都没办法serve30年。（这一段没有考点。） Tab2: 短文：Installing new cable requires 1) cable development; 2) internalequipment; 3) something (我用cost C来代表)。 一共要装300 mile，2500 houses。 Table1: | Cable development cost (per mile) | | | | | | | | | Total cable development cost (per mile) | | |
其中这些数字都是已知数： a比b大（有考点，数值直接比较，我华丽丽的点错了）； a=s+t且t>s（有考点，问labor是不是cable development cost的majority）; Table2: | Cable development cost (per mile) | | | | | | | | | Total cable development cost (per mile) | | |
其中c比d小（有考点, 百分比比较）； Table3: 其中e比f小（有考点，百分比比较）； Q1: 关于各种成本，下面描述正确的是（都是关于HTH与FTTH成本的比较）？ A. HTH的cable development cost比FTTH高； D. HTH的internal cost比FTTH低95%； E. HTH的C cost比FTTH低90%； Tab3: 关于总成本的图表，横坐标是年份，纵坐标是成本（单位million）。基本就是原图了。 总成本图表请在附件中查看~~~ ！！！
Q2: 关于这个图有一个T/F题：对比FTTH与HTF 1) 只看前10年的成本，应该选FTTH; No; 2) 只看前20的成本，应该选FTTH; Yes; 3) 不看成本，应该选FTTH; Yes; 对于3)我的判断依据是tab1介绍了FTTH还具有宽带强大等优势。
逻辑：
8. 大坝与小鱼（题干jj基本完整了）
一个地区建了水坝,但是为了保护生态环境还提供了fish pass,就是让鱼能够自由上游。刚开始的时候每天上千条鱼上游产卵,但是半年后只有零零散散几只。某某说这个 fish pass 建造有问题,问削弱此人观点。答案是鱼上游产卵就不回来了。
关键词：dam, fish pass, spawn
选项：
1） 下面的鱼游到上面后就不下去了；
2） 建立dam（注意是dam，而不是fish pass）造成了下游化境污染；
3） 过去20年来小鱼的数量一直在下降（题干中涉及到的fish数量下降是在建立fish pass前后，貌似只有几年的时间，所以这个答案也是错的）；
15. 家族继承人
J说：家族企业的子孙和其他亲戚在继承家业后，可以学很多知识,经营的更好，因为他们可以从父辈那里学到各种关于这个企业的skill。
M说：现在的skills是跨行业的，他们应当take risk/ make innovation什么的。
问题：what’s the point of issue in this conversation? (point of issue的意思是真论点)
选项：
1) 讨论skills能不能从around business中获得；（我选的这个）
2) 讨论家族企业的子孙能不能经营好其他企业；
20. 黑脸-限制 billboard 数量(下面基本就是原话，一句不掉)
政府决定撤下一部分 billboard, 特别是某些地区要完全取消。然而 demand for billboard还是会增加，于是可以预测 billboard rent 将会大幅提升。BF1:这对larger billboard rental公司来说是个好消息,会带来更多利润。利润增长所带来的好处可以compensatebillboard数量下降带来的坏处; BF2 分号)in addition, 对于那些smaller billboard rental company来说，他们的billboard降得太少，以至于他们最后可能只能将这些billboard卖掉而进行其他的一些商业活动。
选项：
1) Both are intermediate conclusion to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; (纠结了很久，选了这个)
2) The first is a intermediate conclusion to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second is the conclusion of the argument as a whole;
43. 学生花生过敏
peanuts让一些学生过敏，这是很危险的。一个学校为了保证学校学生就决定采取严厉措施在学校里面啥nuts都不给小孩儿吃。
问题（削弱）：Which of the following would support the doubting that the plan can’t be successful?
A. this zealous plan will induce students in the school to become more anxiety;
B. limited exposure to peanuts will make students more likely to develop such allergy;（OA）
C. most of the students are allergic to seafood;
D. the parents of students who like peanuts will oppose to the plan seariously;
阅读：
7. 候鸟迁徙
第一段：科学家发现候鸟根据一些因素定位；
文章先介绍，科学家门对于动物是通过什么样的cues(such as winds and other environment factors) 来进行的navigate。然后就说可能科学家K的实验能够回答。实验（与tpo的描述基本一致）：用镜子改变阳光的方向, sunbird的不知道什么的direction也跟着变,因此说明sunbird是根据阳光来定位的。
第二段：一个小puzzle（科学家最后回答了这个puzzle）；
那么没有阳光的时候小鸟又是怎么navigate呢？然后文章直接说，原来啊小鸟内部有一个生物钟，可以根据时间来调整方向。（tpo的描述也涉及到了这个生物钟，基本一致。）
※ 背景：TPO
Early in his research, Kramer found that caged migratory birds became very restless at about the time they would normally have begun migration in the wild. Furthermore, he noticed that as they fluttered around in the cage, they often launched themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast（阴沉的）, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and used mirrors to change its apparent position. He found that under these circumstances, the birds oriented with respect to the new "Sun." They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous（荒谬的）. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.
So, in another set of experiments, Kramer put identical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. The boxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same point of the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could be changed by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun, no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to the correct food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or the left wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days, however, the birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.
In experimenting with artificial suns, Kramer made another interesting discovery. If the artificial Sun remained stationary, the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky. Apparently, the birds were assuming that the "Sun" they saw was moving at that rate. When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky. In other words, they were able to compensate for the Sun's movement. This meant that some sort of biological clock was operating-and a very precise clock at that.
20. 乌鸦
※段意：
第一段：做了实验A证明乌鸦是有逻辑能力的；
实验A：乌鸦拉绳(yanked on the swing)取meat，最后乌鸦得到了meat。
详细过程：通过一次次的努力，而且每次努力去掉了前面的error/并且每个步骤都做得好。
一个前提：野生的raven在平常是没有类似的训练或者经历的/不是乌鸦先天的本能或是以前有过的经验。
得到结论：raven是有logic thinking的。
第二段：其他动物是否有这个能力；
前提理论：很多动物在试验中也可以一**的来获取复杂放置的食物，但是他们都是通过不断试错，和研究人员在这个过程中每一步的食物鼓励(food rewarding)做到的，这不能说明这些动物有logic thinking。
一个前提：而raven实验中，raven只有最后成功才有奖励。
有人反驳：每做一步就会发现肉离它更近了一点，所以受到了精神上面的鼓励，所以才这么一**做下去。
作者态度：反驳不成立。理由：一堆比较复杂的理由，不必详细研究，无考点。
第三段：排除乌鸦是因为random movements而拿到的肉这样一个可能性；
实验B：乌鸦拉绳实验中的奖励用一种random的形式出现。The raven pull down the string and the meat goes up. Occasionally the meat gets closer. (有考点，问说这句话干嘛。)
实验结果：没有一只raven拿到了肉，这是因为往下拉绳子，而肉往上走，在乌鸦看来是illogical的(the raven thinks it’s illogical…那意思就是这玩意儿还真在思考)。
Note：文章的最后一段是比较重要的一段，句子很绕，意思和目的都不明显，各位小主慎重斟酌。
※题目：
1）main idea 题。
选项有：
A、provide evidence to support the raven’s logical thinking ability (明显选这个)
2）细节题：干嘛提到Occasionally the meat gets closer.
A．否认了第一个实验；
B．说明为什么“pull down the string and the meat goes up”是illogical的；(我选的这个)
C．说明了乌鸦没有完成actions needed to get the meat;
希望能帮到接下来杀鸡的小主们~~~ 怀挺~！！！ |
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发表于 2013-9-2 00:24:31
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