【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障20系列】【20-13】文史哲

jay871750293

本帖精华送给“回帖推荐”中，对于越障练习方法、速度与理解力如何平衡的精华讨论。 by 神猴

hi~
各位队友们~ 周日的文史哲又与大家见面咯~
今天是父亲节，那么速度第一篇（time1/2）也就是关于父亲节的（不过很担心现在贴出来对大家来说建设性意义已经不大...）；第二篇（time3/4）是关于一本描写朝鲜的书的介绍，然后我之前正好在网上下了一个BBC拍的关于揭秘朝鲜的30min左右的纪录片（其实信息量也没有预期那么大，并且其中为数不多的中文字幕相当坑爹...），但是那些时间比较充裕的好奇宝宝们还是不妨一试哈~ 种子我弄丢了，就把文件直接放在115网盘里了，账户：356744781，密码：xiaofendui；最后一篇（time5）话题暂时保密，不过大家应该都蛮熟悉的~

至于越障，文章有点长，只选取了一半，不过剩下一半也贴出来了，大家感兴趣也可以看完哈~ 另外，在ECO中文网上，前辈达人已将全文翻译了，所以大家读完之后也可以再去看看译文哈~~

PS: 大家请容jay再啰嗦一下~ 粗粗看了看20期的回复量，感觉相对19期的光辉有点下滑，希望各位队友们再接再厉，坚持最后一个星期！！下次再看到jay，20期就结束了哦~

好了，啰嗦完毕，上作业！！！

Part 1 Speed

Article 1(Check the title later)
3 Ways to Give Dad the Gift of Health: Dr. Oz

By Jeff Macke | Breakout – 9 hours ago

[TIME1]
Father’s Day usually conjures up images of ugly ties, homemade crafts from the kids, and, probably dad's favorite, barbecued meat and beer. But, according to the Center for Disease Control nearly 70% of adult American males are overweight. One in four U.S. men die from heart disease, in part caused by poor diet, inactivity and obesity. Honoring dad with gluttonous rituals of steak and alcohol is akin to celebrating your dog by letting it chase cars; he may enjoy it at the time but it’s not going to end well.

A better way to tell dad you love him is by trying to extend his life rather than shorten it. In the attached video cardiothoracic surgeon, author, and television personality Dr. Mehmet Oz offers three healthy alternatives to the “grilled meat and sloth” Father’s Day tradition.

1. Do something physical
"The most important thing to do if you want your dad to live a long time is to go out and play with him," says Dr. Oz in the attached video. Have a catch, take a swim, go on a bike ride or just walk around the neighborhood. Dr. Oz says anything that gets the blood pumping counts, even if it's outside of dad’s comfort zone.
"Dancing counts by the way," he insists, "As bad a dancer as he may be, as awkward as it might sound go out and get him moving."

2. Get him a healthy app
There are thousands of apps that encourage healthy habits. Dr. Oz suggests finding one, just one, that will help dad on a day-to-day basis. It could be an exercise monitor or calorie tracker. There are apps that work as pedometers. There are even motion detecting apps that will track dad's sleep cycles to help make sure his mind and body are getting the rest they need.
How do you find the right one? Dr. Oz says to go by popularity in app stores. "Forget about the medical validity for now. Let's focus first on whether or not they're easy to use and that way he'll enjoy using them and you'll be introducing him to a whole different way of taking care of his health that his generation didn't have access to."
[words: 370]

[TIME2]
3. Calculate dad’s Real Age
Dr. Oz is working with the government and private investors on a website called AskMD.com. He says the goal is creating a simple but sophisticated source for patient specific medical questions.

AskMD.com won’t be up and running until this fall. In the meantime Dr. Oz suggests having dad take the Real Age test at DoctorOz.com. There comes a point in every dad’s life when chronological age only serves to remind him he’s old. “Figure out how old his body thinks he is; that’s’ a much better way to have him keep track of the age difference between you and him.”

These three alternatives to a six-pack of beer and half a pound of red meat will make for a constructive Sunday but they aren’t enough. Eventually dad is going to have to start getting regular check-ups.

Nearly all father’s know the importance of getting a physical annually at the very least. Unfortunately the most recent census data shows that 1/3 of adult males in the U.S. haven’t seen a doctor in more than a year.

Telling dad what he should do isn’t going to get him to the doctor. “People don’t change what they do based on what they know, they change what they do based on how they feel,” says Dr. Oz.

So Dr. Oz has given America another worthwhile Father’s Day tradition: Make dad feel loved and important in your life. When it comes to making a man take care of himself a feeling that comes from his spiritual heart is more likely to get him to the doctor than pain in his physical chest.
[words: 272]
Source: Yahoo Finace
http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/breakout/3-ways-dad-gift-health-dr-oz-171005385.html

Article 2(Check the title later)

The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia.

May 18th 2013|From the print edition

[Warm up]
WESTERN politicians like to grandstand about North Korea, calling its leaders “mad”, “rogue” or “tinpot” (The Economist has been known to do this too.) In fact, North Korea is the world’s most rational despotic regime: a highly successful Communist absolute monarchy. Kim Jong Il, son of the country’s Stalinist founder, Kim Il Sung, failed as a leader by any of the usual standards—he enforced North Korea’s isolation and presided over a famine that killed between 400,000 and 2m people. But he succeeded in what counts. He lived a long time, died peacefully in late 2011 and passed power on to his son. In the same way that betting once raged about how briefly Kim Jong Il would last after his father’s death in 1994, so too are outsiders now calling time on North Korea’s fun-loving heir, Kim Jong Un (pictured). It may be a triumph of hope over experience.
[Words: 150]

[TIME3]
Andrei Lankov is an arch-realist. The author of an incisive new book, “The Real North Korea”, he grew up in Soviet Russia, studied for a while at Kim Il Sung University in Pyongyang and now teaches at Kookmin University in Seoul. He is rare in having an unsentimental feel for the regime’s psychology of survival and for the mindset of those outsiders who would like to change North Korea but who, in the process, often succumb to wishful thinking.

For all its self-imposed isolation, North Korea since its inception as a Soviet creation in 1948 has depended for survival on a small, shifting, group of nations, which it has shaken down with consummate skill. Most aid these days is hoarded by the elites. But, as Mr Lankov explains, the regime did not set out to oppress its people. Kim Il Sung’s early promises included giving North Koreans a daily meal of meat soup and boiled rice, eaten under a tiled rather than a thatched roof. That appealed to a poor, agrarian people. Even today, after so much disillusionment, the ceaseless propaganda depicting the Kim dynasty as parents-in-chief, protecting a vulnerable nation from American and Japanese wolves, works to a remarkable degree.

Loyalty, however, was also won through ruthless purges of potential enemies, and through the North’s unique and horrifying songbun, a caste system in which families are classified as friendly, wavering or hostile, according to their historical, political and economic background. The efficacy of songbun as a tool of state control lies in it being forward-looking as well as regressive. Until recently, at least, not only did those suspected of disloyalty face official discrimination; so did their children and grandchildren. Whole families were thrown in the gulag.
As for outside pressure, policy towards North Korea has oscillated between soft and hard. Both approaches are doomed, Mr Lankov argues. The soft line—treat the North gently, reward it with concessions, and it will give up its nukes—flies in the face of repeated provocations, including yet another nuclear test in February. It requires outsiders to turn a blind eye to grotesque abuses of human rights. And it assumes that the regime can be persuaded to undertake Chinese-style economic reforms. But it cannot do this without collapsing, since the North is in ideological competition with South Korea, whose economic model, the regime knows, wins hands down.
[words: 394]

[TIME4]
The hardline version is no better. Any threat of military retaliation against the North is simply not credible. Greater Seoul, with 24m people, is within range of 250-300 pieces of North Korean artillery. Neither South Korea nor the United States will ever start a war unless seriously provoked, and there is little risk of that. The North’s strategy of manufacturing crises in order to wring out concessions will certainly continue. America has taken up a posture of “strategic patience”. But it cannot ignore the North Korean regime nor leave it alone; the Kim family will not let it.

The Kims are playing a long game, but one day their dynasty will collapse, brought low by the widening income gap with South Korea which will be impossible to conceal. Perhaps the most interesting, if hardly the most cheering, part of Mr Lankov’s lucid book lies in “being ready for what we wish for”. The post-Kim era risks being a dramatic and brutal upheaval. It will take decades to clean up after the Kims’ long misrule.

Even the promise of reunification with the South will bring disillusion. Poor North Koreans will be exploited by South Korean employers and tricked by financial scammers. Members of the former regime, their criminal skills already honed, will seize chunks of the economy and even prey on hitherto safe South Korean cities. And what fate awaits educated North Koreans? Doctors can make drips out of beer bottles, but know nothing of the modern pharmacopoeia. The typical history teacher, Mr Lankov says, “knows a lot about events that never actually happened”.

One intelligent move would be to re-examine how the West undermined the Soviet Union and the Communist bloc, and start doing the same. Sponsoring radio stations that broadcast into North Korea and offering scholarships for refugees would be a good start. Both these would cost relatively little and would help North Koreans when they face the coming calamity. Unfortunately, for the moment Western politicians prefer grandstanding.
[words: 329]
Source: ECO中文网
http://www.ecocn.org/thread-190768-1-1.html

Article 3(Check the title later)
Getting China’s Tower of Babel on Record

June 13, 2013, 3:30 PM

[Warm up]
Michael Wu, 20, a student at Peking University, grew up in Shanghai. But when he wants to talk to his cousins in Hainan, he needs to bring his mother along to interpret the conversation.
The cousins in Hainan speak two kinds of Hainan dialect. “I actually cannot understand either of them,” Wu says. “It’s actually not much good for me to [try to] communicate with them.”

In China, that’s a common problem: The differences in dialects are so vast they amount to different languages—possibly more than 3,000 variations, according to some estimates. It’s one of the reasons that standard Beijing Mandarin has become the lingua franca of schools, businesses and government in China. But that uniformity comes at a cost: the rapid loss of many of these dialects.
[Words: 129]

[TIME5]
Now two Americans have taken on a daunting task: trying to get an audio record of all of the thousands of China’s languages and dialects before they disappear.
Linguists Steve Hansen and Kellen Parker are enlisting volunteers to canvass the country to capture both the languages and the stories of all of China’s 2,862 counties and 34 provincial areas. Phonemica, founded last year, now has about 200 Chinese and Chinese-speaking foreign volunteers lined up to record their friends, parents and grandparents, telling a story in fangyan (regional speech).

“The idea is that we want to record it all,” says Mr. Hansen. “And the only way to do this is through a crowd-sourced approach. We’re trying to get people involved who will go to their hometowns and record friends and relatives.”

“It is absolutely unique,” said Victor Mair, a professor of Chinese language and literature at the University of Pennsylvania, by email. “No one else is attempting to do this for Sinitic” (the languages of China).

Phonemica is nearly out of time. Scholars say that a few generations from now, all of China will speak as a first language standard Mandarin, the Beijing dialect that is taught in schools and used by new migrants to cities as well as businesspeople in every province.

Richard VanNess Simmons, a Rutgers professor of Chinese, says that as China’s economy has taken off over the past 20 years, “Mandarin has become the language that gets you somewhere and the language that parents want their kids to learn.” Even parents who speak regional dialects prefer that their children speak Mandarin at home.
“It’s happening so fast it’s almost too fast to document,” he says.

The Chinese government also has taken on the task of recording the country’s dialects, but its Chinese Language Resource Audio Database (中国语言资源有声数据) is still in the “fieldwork” stage, says Mr. Simmons, and “no results have yet been published as far as I know.”

An earlier effort by the Chinese Academy of Science in the 1990s, he says, produced a small series of about 20 recordings of dialects on audiotape and in book form. The academy then put out a DVD version that required users to install an old browser for Windows, so “it didn’t end up being very useful in digital form.”

Virtually unlimited storage in the era of cloud computing means Phonemica can record as many dialects as it wants without worry about technology becoming obsolete. The bigger challenge has been in getting drumming up enough volunteers to make recordings.

The site’s original model was the Speech Accent Archive created by George Mason University in Virginia, which records hundreds of English speakers reading the same English-language paragraph with different accents, from Brooklynese to Dutch. But Messrs. Hansen and Parker felt that there was also value in recording family stories, in the style of StoryCorps, an archive of 45,000 stories told by Americans to each other.
[words: 503]

[The rest]
So far, the site has 50 stories on record, ranging from young people talking about their favorite Chinese pop stars to grandparents remembering being sent to work in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution. Mr. Hsieh, a 61-year-old from Pingtung County, Taiwan, tells a story in the Hakka Sixian dialect. There are more than 30 million native speakers of Hakka, Mr. Parker says, but the Sixian dialect group is much smaller, mostly in the northwest part of Taiwan. Song Hongcheng, 50, from Fangxian in Hubei province, tells a story in the Fangzian dialect, a subset of Central Plains Mandarin, which has about 300,000 speakers.

So far the project has relied too heavily on young people—students interviewing fellow students—with not enough contribution from older generations, according to Mr. Simmons, who serves as an informal adviser to the project. He advised Phonemica to try to record people over the age of 30, and preferably over 60. Younger people, even if they speak in a dialect, tend to throw in standard Mandarin words more often than their grandparents would.

Leonardo Liu, 40, who has already recorded his parents, his wife and several colleagues, says the project made him wonder what it would have been like to hear the voice of Confucius. “Maybe 1,000 or 2,000 years later, we’ll be the ancient people. If the website can keep our voices and our accent, it will be great.”
[words: 235]
Source: WSJ
http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2013/06/13/getting-chinas-tower-of-babel-on-record/

Part 2 Obstacle

Article 3(Check the title later)
Why doing a PhD is often a waste of time

Dec 16th 2010 |From the print edition Tweet...

[Time6]
ON THE evening before All Saints' Day in 1517, Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg. In those days a thesis was simply a position one wanted to argue. Luther, an Augustinian friar, asserted that Christians could not buy their way to heaven. Today a doctoral thesis is both an idea and an account of a period of original research. Writing one is the aim of the hundreds of thousands of students who embark on a doctorate of philosophy (PhD) every year.

In most countries a PhD is a basic requirement for a career in academia. It is an introduction to the world of independent research—a kind of intellectual masterpiece, created by an apprentice in close collaboration with a supervisor. The requirements to complete one vary enormously between countries, universities and even subjects. Some students will first have to spend two years working on a master's degree or diploma. Some will receive a stipend; others will pay their own way. Some PhDs involve only research, some require classes and examinations and some require the student to teach undergraduates. A thesis can be dozens of pages in mathematics, or many hundreds in history. As a result, newly minted PhDs can be as young as their early 20s or world-weary forty-somethings.

One thing many PhD students have in common is dissatisfaction. Some describe their work as “slave labour”. Seven-day weeks, ten-hour days, low pay and uncertain prospects are widespread. You know you are a graduate student, goes one quip, when your office is better decorated than your home and you have a favourite flavour of instant noodle. “It isn't graduate school itself that is discouraging,” says one student, who confesses to rather enjoying the hunt for free pizza. “What's discouraging is realising the end point has been yanked out of reach.”

Whining PhD students are nothing new, but there seem to be genuine problems with the system that produces research doctorates (the practical “professional doctorates” in fields such as law, business and medicine have a more obvious value). There is an oversupply of PhDs. Although a doctorate is designed as training for a job in academia, the number of PhD positions is unrelated to the number of job openings. Meanwhile, business leaders complain about shortages of high-level skills, suggesting PhDs are not teaching the right things. The fiercest critics compare research doctorates to Ponzi or pyramid schemes.

Rich pickings
For most of history even a first degree at a university was the privilege of a rich few, and many academic staff did not hold doctorates. But as higher education expanded after the second world war, so did the expectation that lecturers would hold advanced degrees. American universities geared up first: by 1970 America was producing just under a third of the world's university students and half of its science and technology PhDs (at that time it had only 6% of the global population). Since then America's annual output of PhDs has doubled, to 64,000.

Other countries are catching up. Between 1998 and 2006 the number of doctorates handed out in all OECD countries grew by 40%, compared with 22% for America. PhD production sped up most dramatically in Mexico, Portugal, Italy and Slovakia. Even Japan, where the number of young people is shrinking, churned out about 46% more PhDs. Part of that growth reflects the expansion of university education outside America. Richard Freeman, a labour economist at Harvard University, says that by 2006 America was enrolling just 12% of the world's students.

But universities have discovered that PhD students are cheap, highly motivated and disposable labour. With more PhD students they can do more research, and in some countries more teaching, with less money. A graduate assistant at Yale might earn $20,000 a year for nine months of teaching. The average pay of full professors in America was $109,000 in 2009—higher than the average for judges and magistrates.

Indeed, the production of PhDs has far outstripped demand for university lecturers. In a recent book, Andrew Hacker and Claudia Dreifus, an academic and a journalist, report that America produced more than 100,000 doctoral degrees between 2005 and 2009. In the same period there were just 16,000 new professorships. Using PhD students to do much of the undergraduate teaching cuts the number of full-time jobs. Even in Canada, where the output of PhD graduates has grown relatively modestly, universities conferred 4,800 doctorate degrees in 2007 but hired just 2,616 new full-time professors. Only a few fast-developing countries, such as Brazil and China, now seem short of PhDs.
   
A short course in supply and demand
In research the story is similar. PhD students and contract staff known as “postdocs”, described by one student as “the ugly underbelly of academia”, do much of the research these days. There is a glut of postdocs too. Dr Freeman concluded from pre-2000 data that if American faculty jobs in the life sciences were increasing at 5% a year, just 20% of students would land one. In Canada 80% of postdocs earn $38,600 or less per year before tax—the average salary of a construction worker. The rise of the postdoc has created another obstacle on the way to an academic post. In some areas five years as a postdoc is now a prerequisite for landing a secure full-time job.

These armies of low-paid PhD researchers and postdocs boost universities', and therefore countries', research capacity. Yet that is not always a good thing. Brilliant, well-trained minds can go to waste when fashions change. The post-Sputnik era drove the rapid growth in PhD physicists that came to an abrupt halt as the Vietnam war drained the science budget. Brian Schwartz, a professor of physics at the City University of New York, says that in the 1970s as many as 5,000 physicists had to find jobs in other areas.

In America the rise of PhD teachers' unions reflects the breakdown of an implicit contract between universities and PhD students: crummy pay now for a good academic job later. Student teachers in public universities such as the University of Wisconsin-Madison formed unions as early as the 1960s, but the pace of unionisation has increased recently. Unions are now spreading to private universities; though Yale and Cornell, where university administrators and some faculty argue that PhD students who teach are not workers but apprentices, have resisted union drives. In 2002 New York University was the first private university to recognise a PhD teachers' union, but stopped negotiating with it three years later.

In some countries, such as Britain and America, poor pay and job prospects are reflected in the number of foreign-born PhD students. Dr Freeman estimates that in 1966 only 23% of science and engineering PhDs in America were awarded to students born outside the country. By 2006 that proportion had increased to 48%. Foreign students tend to tolerate poorer working conditions, and the supply of cheap, brilliant, foreign labour also keeps wages down.

Proponents of the PhD argue that it is worthwhile even if it does not lead to permanent academic employment. Not every student embarks on a PhD wanting a university career and many move successfully into private-sector jobs in, for instance, industrial research. That is true; but drop-out rates suggest that many students become dispirited. In America only 57% of doctoral students will have a PhD ten years after their first date of enrolment. In the humanities, where most students pay for their own PhDs, the figure is 49%. Worse still, whereas in other subject areas students tend to jump ship in the early years, in the humanities they cling like limpets before eventually falling off. And these students started out as the academic cream of the nation. Research at one American university found that those who finish are no cleverer than those who do not. Poor supervision, bad job prospects or lack of money cause them to run out of steam.

Even graduates who find work outside universities may not fare all that well. PhD courses are so specialised that university careers offices struggle to assist graduates looking for jobs, and supervisors tend to have little interest in students who are leaving academia. One OECD study shows that five years after receiving their degrees, more than 60% of PhDs in Slovakia and more than 45% in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany and Spain were still on temporary contracts. Many were postdocs. About one-third of Austria's PhD graduates take jobs unrelated to their degrees. In Germany 13% of all PhD graduates end up in lowly occupations. In the Netherlands the proportion is 21%.
[Words: 1431]

[The rest]
A very slim premium
.PhD graduates do at least earn more than those with a bachelor's degree. A study in the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management by Bernard Casey shows that British men with a bachelor's degree earn 14% more than those who could have gone to university but chose not to. The earnings premium for a PhD is 26%. But the premium for a master's degree, which can be accomplished in as little as one year, is almost as high, at 23%. In some subjects the premium for a PhD vanishes entirely. PhDs in maths and computing, social sciences and languages earn no more than those with master's degrees. The premium for a PhD is actually smaller than for a master's degree in engineering and technology, architecture and education. Only in medicine, other sciences, and business and financial studies is it high enough to be worthwhile. Over all subjects, a PhD commands only a 3% premium over a master's degree.

Dr Schwartz, the New York physicist, says the skills learned in the course of a PhD can be readily acquired through much shorter courses. Thirty years ago, he says, Wall Street firms realised that some physicists could work out differential equations and recruited them to become “quants”, analysts and traders. Today several short courses offer the advanced maths useful for finance. “A PhD physicist with one course on differential equations is not competitive,” says Dr Schwartz.
   
Many students say they are pursuing their subject out of love, and that education is an end in itself. Some give little thought to where the qualification might lead. In one study of British PhD graduates, about a third admitted that they were doing their doctorate partly to go on being a student, or put off job hunting. Nearly half of engineering students admitted to this. Scientists can easily get stipends, and therefore drift into doing a PhD. But there are penalties, as well as benefits, to staying at university. Workers with “surplus schooling”—more education than a job requires—are likely to be less satisfied, less productive and more likely to say they are going to leave their jobs.

The interests of universities and tenured academics are misaligned with those of PhD studentsAcademics tend to regard asking whether a PhD is worthwhile as analogous to wondering whether there is too much art or culture in the world. They believe that knowledge spills from universities into society, making it more productive and healthier. That may well be true; but doing a PhD may still be a bad choice for an individual.
   
The interests of academics and universities on the one hand and PhD students on the other are not well aligned. The more bright students stay at universities, the better it is for academics. Postgraduate students bring in grants and beef up their supervisors' publication records. Academics pick bright undergraduate students and groom them as potential graduate students. It isn't in their interests to turn the smart kids away, at least at the beginning. One female student spoke of being told of glowing opportunities at the outset, but after seven years of hard slog she was fobbed off with a joke about finding a rich husband.

Monica Harris, a professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, is a rare exception. She believes that too many PhDs are being produced, and has stopped admitting them. But such unilateral academic birth control is rare. One Ivy-League president, asked recently about PhD oversupply, said that if the top universities cut back others will step in to offer them instead.  

Noble pursuits
Many of the drawbacks of doing a PhD are well known. Your correspondent was aware of them over a decade ago while she slogged through a largely pointless PhD in theoretical ecology. As Europeans try to harmonise higher education, some institutions are pushing the more structured learning that comes with an American PhD.   

The organisations that pay for research have realised that many PhDs find it tough to transfer their skills into the job market. Writing lab reports, giving academic presentations and conducting six-month literature reviews can be surprisingly unhelpful in a world where technical knowledge has to be assimilated quickly and presented simply to a wide audience. Some universities are now offering their PhD students training in soft skills such as communication and teamwork that may be useful in the labour market. In Britain a four-year NewRoutePhD claims to develop just such skills in graduates.

Measurements and incentives might be changed, too. Some university departments and academics regard numbers of PhD graduates as an indicator of success and compete to produce more. For the students, a measure of how quickly those students get a permanent job, and what they earn, would be more useful. Where penalties are levied on academics who allow PhDs to overrun, the number of students who complete rises abruptly, suggesting that students were previously allowed to fester.  

Many of those who embark on a PhD are the smartest in their class and will have been the best at everything they have done. They will have amassed awards and prizes. As this year's new crop of graduate students bounce into their research, few will be willing to accept that the system they are entering could be designed for the benefit of others, that even hard work and brilliance may well not be enough to succeed, and that they would be better off doing something else. They might use their research skills to look harder at the lot of the disposable academic. Someone should write a thesis about that.
[Words: 930]
Source: ECO中文网
http://www.ecocn.org/thread-185305-1-1.html

jay871750293

peby1223 发表于 2013-6-17 09:52
obstacle:
运用“越障练习方法”的结果就是读了13分钟，脑子里还是有点浆糊，蛋疼。。。:
越障练习方法：

hi~
peby~

简答说说我读越障的方法吧，希望能有些启发哈~
第一遍：基本不回视(除非我感觉我错过了很关键的一句话，会严重影响后面的理解，那么我会再回去把那句关键句稍微仔细读一下)；读完写回忆；
如果有时间的话进行第二遍：文章再读一遍，查单词或者仔细分析个别难句；与此同时，第二篇读文章就比较容易分辨出文章的一个逻辑构架。就是读完每段回想一下本段内容与在原文中的关系，就是说这一段写了什么？为什么要写这个？

不过说来惭愧，最近通常都只进行了第一遍，第二遍就水了...
anyway，it's my current ideal reading pattern~

铁板神猴

peby1223 发表于 2013-6-17 09:52
time1
3:25 370
time2

一个好开始~ 运用了越障练习方法，尤其是其中的”停顿“技能，速度就是会下降的。但是控制在考试要求的150+ wpm就可以了。

这个停顿思考技，有助提高回忆能力，显著增加RC正确率。

jay871750293

peby1223 发表于 2013-6-17 14:34
谢谢，理解力的程度怎么判断呢？因为理解力和速度是成反比的

简单谈谈自己对理解力的看法吧，欢迎各种拍砖~~

判断理解能力的话，我认为主要就是写回忆的程度吧。最好当然是能把各段的大致内容与文章的逻辑构成回忆出来（当然，对于我这只是理想主义...），对于我而言，比较好的理解就是说可以将一篇完整的文章按照逻辑关系分为几个部分，比如刚开始文章讲的是背景、然后引入了主要内容，然后对于主要内容进行分析，分析中又包含了优点、缺点等等方面；在大致的逻辑框架组织起来之后，再将有印象的一些细节填入进去，当然，记住的细节是多多益善，但如果考试的话，能够初步分析出文章逻辑结构，哪怕再返回原文去定位细节也会比较快的，毕竟G的阅读也就跟一篇速度那么长，比越障更容易定位的~

我觉得读完一篇能将上面的这种分析完成，对于我而言就算是理解上比较成功了~
hope to help, open to discuss~

铁板神猴

jay871750293 发表于 2013-6-18 08:50
简单谈谈自己对理解力的看法吧，欢迎各种拍砖~~

判断理解能力的话，我认为主要就是写回忆的程度吧。最好 ...

嗯~ 速度一提升，理解势必会下降，要找到一个比较恰当的平衡点，满足时间要求的前提下，懂的内容越多越好。比如说jay说的就是第一个比较好的阶段。先判断出全文大致的逻辑思路，然后如果能把对应的主要内容结合起来，就是一份完美的回忆了。

最佳的回忆应该是：每一段的主要内容+它的主要作用（又称行文逻辑、又称行文思路，都可以）

如果将你的“理解力”想象成是一种速率u，阅读花费时间t=文章长度L/读速v
假设文章长度不变，L为定值。整体“理解程度”就是我们说的均衡点U。U is proportional to u and t in a ratio of k.
U=k*u*t=kL*u/v

很好理解吧u和v虽然是反比，但是他们的进步一样能逐渐提升你的平衡点U。而U就体现了你在理解力和读速两方面的综合实力了。

geek了一把 嘿嘿

2012Michelle

jay871750293 发表于 2013-6-18 08:50
简单谈谈自己对理解力的看法吧，欢迎各种拍砖~~

判断理解能力的话，我认为主要就是写回忆的程度吧。最好 ...

，比如刚开始文章讲的是背景、然后引入了主要内容，然后对于主要内容进行分析，分析中又包含了优点、缺点等等方面；在大致的逻辑框架组织起来之后，再将有印象的一些细节填入进去，当然，记住的细节是多多益善，但如果考试的话，能够初步分析出文章逻辑结构，哪怕再返回原文去定位细节也会比较快的，毕竟G的阅读也就跟一篇速度那么长，比越障更容易定位的~

其实G的文大多数还是逻辑结构比较清晰的，这里Jay对其行文的习惯有很好的概括呢。背景、观点（旧或文章主旨）、解释、论据（或提提出新观点、解释、论据），然后总结（总结的时候可能是总结其观点，也可能是说其不足之处等等）。

总的来说，我觉得套路就这样的了。但逻辑思路的掌握是大方向，细节能记多少就因人而异了，跟平时的训练和阅读量有很大的关系。

阅读、总结、再阅读、再总结，提高。

杀G给猴看

iamyingjie 发表于 2013-6-16 21:57
谢谢Jay的精心准备。 我似乎看过你所说的BBC拍的关于揭秘朝鲜的30min左右的纪录片，忘了是不是BBC拍的了。 ...

看到yingjie姐姐说的这个，想起来治白内障的那个片子我原来也看过，后来又看到另外一个凤凰台的对朝鲜的纪录片。觉得两个片子的角度还有点不同，想想的确很有意思。
刚刚搜索了一下，下面放上链接：
1. 国家地理 - 潜入朝鲜：http://page.renren.com/600977644/note/772176821
2. 凤凰网 - 社会能见度 - 我们在朝鲜的日子：http://v.ifeng.com/documentary/society/201112/3037361f-64d3-45fe-bf96-33c81f18b96d.shtml

jay871750293

哈哈~
沙发妥妥的~~

铁板神猴

bench!

PS: 大家请容jay再啰嗦一下~ 粗粗看了看20期的回复量，感觉相对19期的光辉有点下滑，希望各位队友们再接再厉，坚持最后一个星期！！下次再看到jay，20期就结束了哦~

Jay说的真好，我也发现了。 大家松懈的时候，凸显其他人毅力的时候就到了。 ==+

明天来读~ thanks for the elaborate preparing ：）
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铁板吗啡

吗啡你读的好辛苦啊。
话说我还挺想读PHD的。

PHD供过于求，PHD期间只相当于低级打工者，PHD木有学到真正的SKILL.

2'15''
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9'50''

kimwang53

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yyjfantasy

大家动作都好快！！！
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越障：8'58''

irvan

jay辛苦~~~

______________________________
Speed
01:24
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Obstacle
06:35
Main idea: Introduction to PhD
Attitude:   Negative
Structure:
               1) Overview of this article
               2) Changes in the number of PhD students
               3) Situation of poor pay and employment of these students

yangzexin

留名留名
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铁板大黄鸭

wow～好久不见大家啦～～队伍又壮大啦

nishye

1.52
1.10
2.48
2.08
2.18

obstacle:
08.13

Key messages:
1. Expansion of PHD enrollment
2. Poor conditions of PHD- salary, future career, working condition. How PHD fight on this?- Union, Dropout. University reaction-not support union and more foreign students.