关于就近修饰问题的疑惑

albert

一道LZM里的GMAT真题目：
An attempt to ratify the Equal Right Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite.......

我想问的是 begun 这里有修饰歧义吗？ 好象可以修饰An attempt 和 Amendment

albert

又一道就近修饰的困惑
164. The commission proposed { that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year. is } obtained through a local bond issue.

(E)development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be
关于E选项OG的解释：
Choice E, which seriously distorts meaning, says that the commission proposed development funding and that such funding could be open to the public
也就是说： which 从句修饰的是funding...为什么不是 the park??

因为B正确选项：
(B)that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be
which 修饰的就是the park..

困惑一：
n1+ 介词（如of,in) + n2, which定语  结构到底修饰的是n1还是n2, 是否有歧义修饰的可能？
困惑二：
n1+介词(如 of,in) + n2, doing (做定语修饰前面名词),是否也有修饰歧义？

albert

困惑三：
n1 + 过去分词 + n2, which 定语从句 定语从句修饰有修饰歧义吗？

如： { Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-rays emission, which can quickly analize the chemical elements in amost any substance without destroy it} , is fining use in .....
中的which 是修饰 technique 还是修饰 x-ray emission

C选项(错误项)：
a technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-rays emission, which can quickly analize the chemical elements in amost any substance without destroy it

called不能修饰 a technique吗？ which在这种结构中是修饰 x-ray emission 还是修饰 air pollutants?

还有很多例子，需要可以举出来。。
谢谢！

lyricling

以下是引用albert在2003-6-5 10:55:00的发言：
又一道就近修饰的困惑
164. The commission proposed { that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year. is } obtained through a local bond issue.

(E)development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be
关于E选项OG的解释：
  Choice E, which seriously distorts meaning, says that the commission proposed development funding and that such funding could be open to the public
也就是说： which 从句修饰的是funding...为什么不是 the park??

因为B正确选项：
(B)that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be
which 修饰的就是the park..

困惑一：
n1+ 介词（如of,in) + n2, which定语  结构到底修饰的是n1还是n2, 是否有歧义修饰的可能？
困惑二：
n1+介词(如 of,in) + n2, doing (做定语修饰前面名词),是否也有修饰歧义？

关于这道题，我也不明白OG对E项which从句修饰的解释。我是从虚拟语气和development funding上去排除该项的。

谈谈我的一点认识：
“N1＋介词＋N2，which”这种结构，which引导的从句应该优先修饰N2，但也有跳跃修饰N1的情况。这要从which/that从句中的谓语上和逻辑意思上去判断。OG85，109可以看看。
“，+分词/形容词”结构作定语，优先修饰前面的名词，但也可以修饰前面名词词组的核心词，两都都是合乎语法的，具体修饰哪一个，要从逻辑意思上去辨别。

lyricling

以下是引用albert在2003-6-5 11:18:00的发言：
困惑三：
n1 + 过去分词 + n2, which 定语从句 定语从句修饰有修饰歧义吗？

如： { Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-rays emission, which can quickly analize the chemical elements in amost any substance without destroy it} , is fining use in .....
中的which 是修饰 technique 还是修饰 x-ray emission

C选项(错误项)： a technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-rays emission, which can quickly analize the chemical elements in amost any substance without destroy it

called不能修饰 a technique吗？ which在这种结构中是修饰 x-ray emission 还是修饰 air pollutants?

Which引导的定语从句在这里应该就近修饰proton-induced x-rays emission, 不过在本句中，technique 与proton-induced x-rays emission是一个东西，修饰哪一个，意思都没有变化。
C项的called proton-induced…优先修饰前面的名词pollutants, 从逻辑上讲，它也可以修饰technique。这里的主要问题是，called短语离所要修饰的名词太远，与A比起来显然就差了点，所以要选A。不知哪位大牛讲过，语法是选相比较而言最好的哪一个。
另：关于这个就近修饰的问题，也有很多困惑。发现真题中什么样的情况都有，好像无法用一个统一的规则把所有情况都解释清楚。解决的办法就是在几个不同的选项中比较出一个最优的来。

carefield

这个问题好象挺棘手的, 大家多多讨论.
困惑一：
n1+ 介词（如of,in) + n2, which定语  结构到底修饰的是n1还是n2, 是否有歧义修饰的可能？

总的原则应该是就近原则, 但是在某些情况下, 介词结构(OF, IN)等和前面的名词结合更紧, 修饰名词的从句就会移到后面, 但只有保证不发生歧义的情况下才能这么做, 也就是说从逻辑的角度上能推出从句在修饰哪个名词.
困惑二：
n1+介词(如 of,in) + n2, doing (做定语修饰前面名词),是否也有修饰歧义？
同上.


1.An attempt to ratify the Equal Right Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite.......
我认为BEGUN ALMOST... 是修饰AMENDMENT; 因为如果修饰AN ATTEMPT, 应该是AN ATTEMPT BEGUN ALMOST TWO DECADES AGO.....; 再则, 被动语气BEGUN 与 ATTEMPT搭配, 不是太好吧?

164. The commission proposed { that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year. is } obtained through a local bond issue.

E, 老实说OG对它的解释有些牵强了, E 的错误不再WHICH... 修饰FUNDING, 而在没用THAT 从句吧.

如： { Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced x-rays emission, which can quickly analize the chemical elements in amost any substance without destroy it} , is fining use in .....
中的which 是修饰 technique 还是修饰 x-ray emission

修饰TECHNIQUE, 语意上是, 形式上CALLED比WHICH 从句跟TECHNIQUE的关系亲密, WHICH 往后挪了一点.

C选项(错误项)：
a technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced x-rays emission, which can quickly analize the chemical elements in amost any substance without destroy it
called不能修饰 a technique吗？ which在这种结构中是修饰 x-ray emission 还是修饰 air pollutants?

违反了就近修饰的原则, 因为隔得实在太远了, 习惯上好象都是CALLED 紧跟名词后.

1stzhang

An attempt to ratify the Equal Right Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite.......

我想问的是 begun 这里有修饰歧义吗？ 好象可以修饰An attempt 和 Amendment

这个题目我认为分词短语是不可以放在句子中间的，的确有一定的歧异。但是，我们必须要看看其他的选项，因为歧异本身不是硬性错误。

albert,你的其他疑惑我原来也没有注意到。我帮你查查资料，我会尽快补充的。

albert

谢谢各位的回答...
CAREFIELD:
"
1.An attempt to ratify the Equal Right Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite.......
我认为BEGUN ALMOST... 是修饰AMENDMENT; 因为如果修饰AN ATTEMPT, 应该是AN ATTEMPT BEGUN ALMOST TWO DECADES AGO.....; 再则, 被动语气BEGUN 与 ATTEMPT搭配, 不是太好吧?
"
我不太同意你这一点...我认为 begun修饰的是 An attempt, 因为如果修饰的是Amendment, begun 前面的逗号可以直接省去....

看了各位的讨论.
我个人对就近修饰的小结:
1.  n1+ 介词（如of,in) + n2, which定语
   n1 + 过去分词 + n2, which 定语从句 定语从句修饰有修饰歧义吗？
这类结构which 可能修饰n1或者n2....所以用就近修饰的法则来判断经常会出现很多错误危险(但我奇怪的是OG和LZM经常用修饰歧义来解释这类错误..)而应该用别的其他语法点

2. n1+ 介词 + n2 , 过去分词   我觉得过去分词修饰的是n1, 否则可以把逗号去掉更省略些..

3. n1+ 介词 + n2 + 过去分词  过去分词修饰的是n2

请大家发表看法...

carefield

"2. n1+ 介词 + n2 , 过去分词   我觉得过去分词修饰的是n1, 否则可以把逗号去掉更省略些..

3. n1+ 介词 + n2 + 过去分词  过去分词修饰的是n2"



不要以豆号来判断, 因为去掉豆号并不表示略, 而表示是限制性修饰, 即修饰成分是必须的; 有豆号表示是非限制性修饰, 即去掉修饰成分句子仍然成立.

merrylili

OG109:

...Jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men. "that..." modify "jobs" rather than "skill". But skill and that are so close that it is very easy to understand as that modify skill.

OG85:
a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back...
that clause also modify a market rather than styles and fixtures.

Logic is more important!