考过slow-wave-sleep的朋友看看是不是这篇阅读

celiachen

http://sciam.cpcwi.com/bbs/viewthread.php?action=printable&tid=43851

Sleep makes room for memoriesfficeffice" />

睡眠帮助记忆创造空间

 

Study shows sleep reduces harmful buildup of too many connections in the brain。

一项新的研究显示，睡眠可以防止大脑内很多有害的神经交互的生成。

 

WASHINGTON — Sleep not only refreshes the body, it may also push the reset button on the brain, helping the brain stay flexible and ready to learn, new research shows.

一项新的研究显示，睡觉不仅可以放松身体，还可以按动大脑“重启”按钮，使大脑保持灵活，易于接收新东西。

 

Whether it is slow-wave sleep or rapid eye movement (REM), sleep changes the biochemistry of the brain, and the change is necessary to continue learning new things, suggests research presented November 18 at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience.

神经科学系统协会在11月18号的年会上展示的一项研究显示，无论是慢波睡眠还是睡眠中的眼部快速转动（REM），睡眠都可以改变大脑生物化学反应。而此改变对于我们继续接收新的信息至关重要。

 

Hundreds of genes behave differently when an animal is asleep rather than awake, says Chiara Cirelli of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Cirelli and her colleagues are trying to settle a long-standing debate about why sleep is necessary. One theory is that sleep helps solidify memories by replaying information learned during the day. Another idea holds that sleep is for energy restoration.

美国威斯康星州立大学的基娅拉·奇雷利说，当动物处于睡眠状态下，几百种基因在发挥不同功用。奇雷利和她的同事试图解决一项长久以来未能平息的争论：我们为什么要睡觉。一种理论认为，睡眠期间，我们会温习白天获得的信息，进而巩固记忆；另一种观点则认为，睡眠帮助我们恢复精力。

 

Cirelli and other researchers presented evidence at the neuroscience meeting suggesting that sleep may perform both functions.

奇雷利和其他几位研究人员在此次会议上展示的一些证据显示，此两点可能都是睡眠的功能。

 

In a study in rats, Cirelli and her colleagues discovered that a molecule that works with the brain chemical glutamate becomes more and more abundant the longer rats are awake. The molecule, the glutamate receptor GluR1, helps forge connections, called synapses, between neurons. When rats are awake, the amount of GluRffice:smarttags" />1 in the brain may climb up to 40 percent higher than levels found when the animal has been asleep for a few hours.

在一项小鼠试验中，奇雷利及同事发现，随着小鼠清醒时间更久，大脑内部与化学成分谷氨酸共同作用的一种分子就会变得越来越活跃。这种分子是谷氨酸受体 GluR1, 帮助神经元建立联系——神经键。当小鼠清醒时，GluR1数量会很高，大约比小鼠睡着几个小时后状态下的GluR1数量多40%。

 

A new study in fruit flies showed that all areas of the brain have much higher levels of molecules found at synapses. Normally, strengthening a synapse is a good thing. It is one of the steps thought to be important in memory formation. But brains can’t continue to build up existing connections forever, Cirelli says.

一项果蝇研究显示，大脑各个区域的神经键分子水平都很高。通常状况下，加强神经键是件好事，这被认为是记忆形成非常重要的一步。奇雷利说：“但是大脑无法继续建立已经存在的联系。”

 

“We cannot afford to keep growing our synapses one day after another, because very soon they would become unsustainable,” she says. “Stronger synapses come at a very high price.”

“我们不能承受神经键每天都在增长，这样用不了多久我们就承受不了了。强壮的神经键是需要很高的代价的。”

 

It takes a lot of energy, cellular supplies and other resources to maintain the connections. And if a neuron puts all of its energy into continually strengthening old synapses, it will never form new ones, making it impossible to learn new things.

维持大脑内部的神经联系需要消耗能量、细胞供给以及其他一些资源。如果神经元不停地为增强老神经键而供应能量，那么它就永远也不能形成新的神经键了，这样，大脑就再也不能获得任何新信息了。

 

Cirelli’s group found that sleep breaks down the molecules that form synapses. In particular, slow-wave sleep was important for reducing the amount of the synapse-forming molecules in the brain. The group also showed in a new study of people that disrupting slow-wave sleep by playing a quiet sound while people were sleeping impaired performance on one type of learning task.

奇雷利研究小组发现，睡眠可以摧毁形成神经键的细胞，尤其是慢波睡眠在减少形成神经键的分子的数量上起到至关重要的作用。这个小组的另一项研究还显示，如果用轻微的声音打断人们的慢波睡眠，则会削弱此人进行某一种学习任务时的表现。

 

Disrupting slow-wave sleep may also disrupt REM sleep, says Gina Poe, a sleep researcher at the laceType w:st="on">UniversitylaceType> of laceName w:st="on">MichiganlaceName> in Ann Arbor, so more research is needed to show that slow-wave sleep is the critical stage needed to clear the mind. But it is clear that sleep is critical for clearing out old memories to make way for new information, she says.

吉娜·坡说：“打断慢波睡眠可能也会打断睡眠中眼部的快速转动（REM），所以我们仍需更多的研究来证实慢波睡眠是清醒大脑的必要步骤。但是有一点是很清楚的：睡眠在清除旧记忆，获取新记忆过程中，是至关重要的一个环节。”
        吉娜·坡是美国密歇根州立大学睡眠研究人员。

 

“Sleep is not only for building things, it’s for tearing them down,” says Poe

坡说：“睡眠不仅仅能为我们形成一些东西，也可以摧毁一些东西。”

 

Memories associating names and faces, for instance, are forged first in the hippocampus, a seahorse-shaped part of the brain. But the hippocampus is used only for short-term memories. Memories are stored in other parts of the brain and the hippocampus must be cleared to make new memories.

与姓名、脸庞等相关的记忆最初是在海马区（大脑内部海马形状的区域）形成的。之后记忆储存在其他区域，而海马区必须为新的记忆空出地方。”

Poe and her colleagues found that REM sleep turns off the brain chemicals norepinephrine and serotonin, both used for stabilizing synapses. Injecting serotonin into the brains of rats during sleep disrupted the rats’ ability to form certain kinds of memories, suggesting that the ability to remove old connections during sleep is important for making new memories.

坡和她的同事发现，眼部的快速转动（REM）睡眠可以截断去甲肾上腺素和复合胺的分泌，这两种化学物质都是稳定神经键的。把复合胺注入处于睡眠状态的小鼠大脑中，打断了小鼠形成某种记忆的能力。这也说明，睡眠过程中，去除大脑内部旧的神经联接，对形成新记忆是非常重要的。

JFYung

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liuhuielse

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sausau

谢谢楼主。还那么详细的翻译了。不过最后一句好像比较混：睡觉就是阻止神经健的稳定，就是清除记忆。但是最后怎么变成了注入巩固神经健的元素反而有助于干扰神经健呢？晕了

sausau

我想了想，可能是，注入这个东西就破坏了睡眠的清洗功能，所以小老鼠之后的记忆功能减弱，而不是说对于之前的记忆减弱。