揽瓜阁做题小分队 第1天 Know Why+制定、执行目标=最佳战略

小白斩鸡

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For once, the whys are turning out to be more important than the hows. A study shows that consumers who become fixated on how to achieve a goal probably face more difficulty in achieving their aims than people who think abstractly about why they want to do something. The authors of the study conducted four experiments to examine consumer behavior when it came to the goal of saving money. In one such experiment, some people were asked to make a specific plan to save money, whereas others were not asked to plan. Then some people were asked to focus on why they wanted to save money. Later on all participants were given the opportunity to buy candy. Subjects who were thinking concretely and formed a specific plan were less able to avoid the candy purchase than those who had not formed a plan at all.

To elucidate the results, the authors cite the instance of person who wants to save money and hence makes a plan for achieving this goal. This person plans to save money by purchasing fewer clothing items at the mall. On investigating how this plan influences the person's response to other money-saving opportunities, for example, would the person be more likely to order a cheaper meal at a restaurant, avoid making an impulse purchase, or combine errands to save money on gas etc., the authors found that when people focus on concrete aspects of how they want to achieve goals, they become more closed-minded and consequently less likely to take advantage of opportunities that fall outside their plans. In contrast, people who focus on the why aspect are more likely to consider out-of-plan opportunities to achieve their goals.

Furthermore, in the same experiment, the group that performed the best was the one that was asked to focus on the “why” and had formed a plan implicitly. Accordingly, the authors conclude that planning is more effective when people plan with the complete understanding of “why”. They suggest that this strategy is particularly effective when the original plan turns out to be unrealistic in terms of feasibility or when other goal-directed activities become available.

1. The author is primarily concerned with
A. addressing a key issue in consumer psychology and behavior
B. making the readers understand how they can save money
C. describing a theory that deals with goal determination
D. advocating consumers to follow a particular strategy while making and executing plans
E. presenting a study, explaining its findings, and outlining its final conclusion.

2. Which of the following statement can be derived on the basis of the analysis done by the study authors?
A. Fixating on how to achieve a goal makes the plan less feasible
B. Planning can be more effective in certain circumstances
C. A good strategy is one that always accounts for every possible opportunity available to achieve a particular goal
D. People who want to save money get fixated on little details and lose sight of the big picture
E. Out of all the aspects of a plan, the why aspect is the most important to achieve the desired goal.

3. Through the second paragraph, the author of the passage intends to
A. to describe a new aspect of the study.
B. to present an explanation.
C. to evaluate the merits of one strategy while discussing the demerits of another.
D. to generate awareness about a particular aspect of consumer psychology.
E. to discuss a feature of the study

4. Each of the following is a statement that is mentioned with respect to the study described in the passage EXCEPT
A. The feasibility of a plan is dependent on whether a person has an understanding of why the plan is devised.
B. In the experiment to save money, those who planned explicitly did not perform better than those who understood why but planned implicitly.
C. The strategy to keep an open mind and focus on the reason behind achieving the goal can help when alternate means of achieving the goal exist.
D. People focusing on the reason behind achieving a particular goal are likely to consider other goal-directed activities that may not have been a part of the original plan.
E. People fixated on the how aspect of a plan tend to ignore such opportunities that are not a part of their original plan.

参考答案，做完才看 ：）

EBBA

Playgirl130

整体结构：做一个实验，讲述实验现象，分析实验原因
P1： 介绍实验结论：在实现目标的时候，注重How的人比注重WHY的面临更大难度。有人做了几个实验，其中一个实验是让一部分人制定省钱方案，一部分未制定方案。然后让人们去买糖，制定方案的人比未制定方案的人更容易买糖。
P2：为了说明实验结果，实验策划者举了一个人的省钱方案作为例子。这个人想通过在商场买更少的衣服省钱。当调查者问这个方案，会怎样影响TA在面临其他省钱机会的选择时，调查者发现注重WHY的人，更容易注意到不在计划中的省钱机会；而注重HOW的人，则更闭塞，很难考虑方案外的省钱机会。
P3：表现最好的是思考WHY，并且形成了方案，但没有明确写下来的人（Implicitly）。调查者觉得当理解了WHY之后，再制作方案更有效。他们认为，当原方案被证明不可行，或者有其他目标导向的活动存在时，这种策略格外有效。

我选择的是：EBAB

2022Tiramisu

整体结构：

研究结果，研究论证，研究细化以及emphasis结果

我的选择： EBEA

kevinnn0719

来了

Gsbdjxbc

EEBB

irisville

提出了一个理论，介绍了相关实验->进一步解释理论背后的原因->进一步总结
EABA

miemie_yang

答案：E E B A
第一段
        作者观点：有时，“知道为什么”比“如何做”更重要
        给出一个study about how and why
                给出4个experiments中的一个-saving money
                specific plan
                focus on why

第二段
        instance of person for elucidation
                purchasing fewer clothing
                other money-saving opportunities

第三段
        same experiment
                more effective
                        understanding of why
                        implicit plan
                strategy of why is particularly effective
                        original plan is unrealistic in terms of feasibility
                        goal-directed activities available

塔塔Thanos

结构：1、提出观点the whys are turning out to be more important than the hows.
2、用study观点佐证
3、用两组实验结果验证

答案：EECA

Sibaiyuan

ECBA 错了一题

SchodingerCat

第一段：（话题引入）（研究结论）（其中一个实验的介绍和结果）
第二段：（对于实验的解释和分析实验结果的原因）
第三段：提升到结论“planning is more effective when people plan with the complete understanding of “why”.

EBBA