求指教

杀G新手多指教

Scientiststypically do their most creative work before the age of forty.  It is commonly thought that this happensbecause aging by itself brings about aloss of creative capacity.  However,studies show that a disproportionatelylarge number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the ageof forty entered their field at an older age than is usual.  Since by the age of forty the large majorityof scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, thestudies’ finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists overforty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged butrather that they generally have spent too long in a given field.

Inthe argument given, the two portions in boldfaceplay which of the following roles?

A.   The first is the position that the argument asa whole opposes; the second is an objection that has been raised against aposition defended in the argument.

B.   The first is a claim that has been advanced insupport of a position that the argument opposes; the second is a finding thathas been used in support of that position.

C.   The first is an explanation that the argumentchallenges; the second is a finding that has been used in support of thatexplanation.

D.   The first is an explanation that the argumentchallenges; the second is a finding on which that challenge is based.

E.    The first is an explanation that the argumentdefends; the second is a finding that has been used to challenge thatexplanation.

-------------------------------------

Historian:  In the Drindian Empire, censuses wereconducted annually to determine the population of each village.  Villagecensus records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.  This very completeness makes one point standout; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significantpopulation declines.  Tellingly, each ofthose five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindiantax.  This tax, which was assessed onvillages, was computed by the central government using the annual censusfigures.  Obviously, whenever the taxwent up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize thenumber of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’spopulation from government census takers would have been easy.  Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

Inthe historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.   The first supplies a context for thehistorian’s argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has beenused to argue against the positionthe historian seeks to establish.

B.   The first presents evidence to support theposition that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges aconsideration that has been used to argue against that position.

C.   The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that thehistorian seeks to establish; the secondis that position.

D.   The first is a position for which thehistorian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of thatargument.

The first is an assumption that the historian explicitlymakes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges aconsideration that calls that assumption into questio

在CD上搜的题库，但这两题有点模糊，请小伙伴指点

yaya杨

黑脸题啊，感觉是出错率最高的题。
我准备把黑脸题boldface当成男朋友（BF）一样尽心去发现他的魅力了！
我觉得第一题应该是D答案。楼主麻烦发一下标答

yaya杨

第二题应该是C。
黑脸题，先看两段有没有转折。
然并无，so我们把那些说两段黑脸的有转折的排除。
然后嘞，去看黑脸部分是premise 还是conclusion。
然后bingo！