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楼主阅读考的是这篇?
P1 In colonial North America, as in seventeenth-and eighteenth-century Europe, families and businesses were often entwined symbiotically. 家庭和企业往往是交织在一起的共生。
Kin connections provided businesses with capital, credit, and contacts; family businesses, in turn, provided kin with employment, training, and opportunities for advancement.
P2 Colonial historians disagree, however, about the extent to which kin connections were central to artisanal establishments(1何种程度上血缘关系是手工场所的中心)and about the evolution of artisanal family practices in colonial North America in the eighteenth century(2. 在北美殖民地手工作坊家庭的做法在十八世纪的演变)Some argue that craft dynasties (intergenerational family artisanal establishments代代相传的家族作坊式场所) dominated certain crafts in certain areas until the early nineteen century. Carl Bridenbaugh wrote that an intergenerational command of craft skills enabled some artisanal families in the eighteenth century "to live in near-baronial style, and to dominate, nay rule over, the social and political life" of a region for generations. W.J. Rorabaugh has argued that intergenerational craftsmanship代代相传的 was important in all crafts until the 1840s.
P3 Other historians disagree. Stephanie Wolf, for example, argues that in craft businesses in eighteenth-century Germantown, Pennsylvania, there was "little tendency for traditional family patterns to develop. . . . Fathers do not appear to have trained their sons to follow in their footsteps.” Wolf attributes the lack of dynasties to the presence of a modern, commercial worldview. Indeed, even scholars who disagree with Wolf would concede that craft dynasties declined in importance under the influence of an increasingly widespread modern worldview. |
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