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发表于 2016-7-6 23:12:32
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我觉得大家可以去搜一下关于脑部神经啥的背景知识,有几个关键的名词和人名今天搜了下:Neurological surgery,Franz Joseph Gall,Paul Broca,David Ferrier
还有点背景小短文:"In each of his patients Broca found that part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres had been damaged—on the left side in all of them. This discovery of Broca's area, and the striking evidence for localisation of language function, was followed by a flood of evidence, from neurologists, then physiologists and anatomists, testifying to the segregation of sensory and motor functions in particular parts of the hemisphere (Young, 1970). "
IN THE LAST decade of the 18th century, Franz Joseph Gall of Vienna invented a combination of physiognomy and brain localization that he originally called “craniology” (the science of the head) and later called “organology” (the science of the organs of the brain). Between 1800 and 1812, he worked with Johann Christoph Spurzheim on a variety of important neuroanatomic studies to support this new science. By 1812, when they parted company in Paris, Spurzheim had become intrigued with the psychosocial potential of the undertaking, which he renamed “phrenology” (the science of the mind). Because a phrenological examination (palpation of skull prominences) could provide an analysis of a person's strengths and weaknesses, Spurzheim thought that his system could lead to personal improvement for everyone, including the laboring classes. He was thus a 19th century reformer, generally on the liberal side of the political and social spectrum. Spurzheim spread his gospel to Britain through several long lecture tours, and phrenology became briefly popular through the efforts of other British reformers, especially George Combe. In 1832, Spurzheim came to the United States. Three months later, he died in Boston, a martyr to his cause. Phrenology then spread widely into American popular culture, encouraged by the entrepreneurial efforts of “the phrenological Fowlers” and others like them. By 1843, the entire Western scientific community rejected organology and phrenology. All forms of cerebral localization were lumped with phrenology and similarly repudiated. Nonetheless, Gall's organology was the first comprehensive, premodern statement of a theory of cerebral localization. The early pioneers of modern localization, especially Paul Broca and David Ferrier, were careful to define how their theories differed from phrenology, even as they provided the clinical and scientific data that confirmed some of its basic tenets.
不一定有用,随便看看吧~ |
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