【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-09】文史哲 orphan

ffffionabear

内容：Fffffionabear 编辑：Fffffionabear

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本期节目是关于孤儿的~~还记得孤儿怨那个心机各种重的小女孩Esther嘛，
Speaker告诉你这可是很写实孤儿院让这些失去保护的儿童为生存奋斗，他们学会了听话，时常处于饥饿中，扮演乖小孩，实则犹如处于弱肉强食的热带丛林。
speed则分别是孤儿心理及孤儿院难题探讨
obstacle是节选孤儿心理的研究论文~~中秋大团圆也要循例来点暗黑系列就对了~~！！enjoy~~

Part I: Speaker

The tragedy of orphanages
Source: TED Talk
http://www.ted.com/talks/georgette_mulheir_the_tragedy_of_orphanages
[Rephrase 1, 10:41]

streetwarb

Time 2 2:10
A study conducted on abandoned children shows that growing up in an orphanage inhibits both early mental and physical development of children and that foster care can undo this negative effects to a certain degree, especiallly in case of girl.

Time 3 3:09
Scientists don’t know what exactly causes the difference between girls and boys. And one possible explaination is illustrated.

Time 4 2:00
Some officials believed that the behavioural problems of institutionalised children were innate and the children would behave better in the insitution than in families. So, Nelson and his team deceded to conduct a study to make sure the real causes.

Time 5 4:07
Time 6 2:30
Obstacle 13:07

Queenie93

Time2 2'09
Time3 2'12
Time4 2'34
Time5 2'44
Time6 2'17
Obstacle 8'45

yolanday3

time2 2:31
A study conducted on abandoned children shows that growing up in an orphanage inhibits both early mental and physical development. The study also showed that foster care can undo these negative effects to a certain degree, especially in case of girls.
time3 3:26
Boys were more affected by behavioral disorders while girls were more likely to suffer from emotional disorders, howerever, foster care tended to help in case of emotional problems.
time4 1:21
Many Romanian officials staunchly believed that the behavioural problems of institutionalised children were innate rather than the result of institutional life, however the experiment showed that kids wee much better off in foster care than in orphanages.
time5 3:11
The reasons why orphanages have always had alarmingly high death rates.
time6 2:04
It's hard for ppl to accept that for the kids were all between the ages of 6 and 12,orphanages are not bad, while for children younger than that, orphanages are so bad and why.
obastcle 5:47

大鸽子

2        02:56
3        02:54
4        01:12
5        04:01
6        01:53
obstacle      10:42

326197339

1：First, the speaker emphasized the great influence on children from their parents or family. The connection contributes to children's social relationship when they grow up.
   Second, the speaker described what she had seen about orphanages in the institutions in Europe and they were not in good condition. They were often hungry and had to defend themselves in case of being abandoned to another institution.
   Third, according to a research, when orphanages become young adults, 20% did crime and 10% commited suicide.
   In fact, it is much cheaper for families keepping their children compared to setting up institutions.
   Finally, the speaker appealed people to contribute in reducing orphanages.

Time 2: 1:40
A study was made between fostered orphanages and orphanages in the institution. The result shows that there are differences in various aspects between these two kinds of children, especially for girls. In IQ test, fostered girls' are higher than girls grown in the institution, however for boys ,the result is the same. But all the IQ scores of the orphanages are below the average level.

Time 3: 2:35
The reason why there is difference in IQ between fostered girls and boys maybe that boys are more influenced by behavior disorder, while girls are more influenced by emotion disorder. The families may fill the children with emotion feelings but can not help in behavior disorder. The influence of having been abandoned on the children will never be erased.

Time 4: 1:33
The bad performance of orphanages is caused by their original family not the institutional life. The research shows that fostered children behaved much better than children grown up in institution.

Time 5: 4:05
Though study shows that fostered children behave much better than institutional orphanages. The government insist institutional orientation. Another study shows that love really matters.

Time 6: 1:53
An opposite study result. Though fostering is better, it is hard to carry out.

Time 7: 11:32
Family and teachers usually do not care about the psychological problems of the fostered orphanages, which makes their mental problems worse. Teachers should be trained to help solve the mental problems of the children.
The children suffer both physical and mental loss.
They feel depressed but are hard to express otherwise they will get punishment. The great change in their life caused their mental illness and the fail in school makes it worse.
There are two types of people. The external types are controled by their environment, while the internal types think that they can control the environment.

neverland1021

谢谢Fiona分享~

1'56[281 words]
An test of abandoned children IQ between the kids in the orphan school and the fostered 领养的孩子
the children were selected randomly, 4-5 years old, in terms of verbal skills, XXX（behavioral problems, intelligence, ）
results: no difference in boys(both IQ=60), an obvious IQ between girls(fostered:70, in the orphan school:82)
a list of possible reasons why abandoned children IQ is normally lower than the standard
第二遍：全文主旨在第一句就说清楚了：1)the orphanage inhibits the mental and physical development; 2)the fostered family can undo the adverse affection to a curtain degree, especially in girls

2'32[363 words]
the possible reasons why the girl's IQ is higher than the boy's generally and why there is a gap between girls in orphanage and girls in fostered family?
1)boys are affected by behavior disorders, while girls are more effected by emotional disorders
  no difference in behavior disorder between the institutional education and family education
  there is a difference in emotional disorder in ...(同上)
2) a reason related to time(走神了。。)
conclusion: the abandoned affect is not reversal, fostered care can improve to some degree. Give government some reference
第二遍：
第二个原因是a reason related to growth hormone, children physical development is delayed: noticeably low level of growth hormone. Puberty comes later.

1'28[192 words]
fostered children performed better than kids in the orphan institution physically, psychologically and in terms of neurological development
第二遍补充：the government staunchly believed that the behavior problems in orphanage were innate rather than results the institutional life.

3'39[468 words]
the Romanian government believed that abandoned children should stay in orphanage rather than in the fostered families because those families were untrustworthy
two reasons to oppose the authorities:
1)alarming death rate in orphanage because of epidemics, infected children would be isolated=>proved not adequate to support the reason to oppose
2)lack of love, the missing parental relationship even kills them
an experiment has been done to prove which is the main reason: love won. incarcerated children performed better in any way the psychologist could measure than the children raised in the hospital
第二遍补充：the crux of the author’s story is that the government had already knew the orphanage is inferior to fostered care but it just simply ignored.

1'51[285 words]
the abandoned children whose age between 6 and 12 in Asia and Africa showed no difference in cognitive development, but if they were younger, the significant gap would come out
the government Romanian government gives less support for the fostered family financially, educationally and emotionally because it could grant money more easily to institutions than individuals.
the government did not care about the scientific findings of orphanage.

10'41[1343 words]
some findings of the orphanage in Uganda
*the reasons why some children became orphaned
*orphanage may lead to some problems and how the world organizations help
1)adopted problem:
   =>grandparents need to be cared, but they have to care their orphaned kids; they cannot offer adequate education
   =>economic strain
   =>some international groups provide these children financial support, educational opportunities and vocational training
2)emotional problem, including 3 points:
   =>lack of adequate information on nature and magnitude of the problem
   =>lack of adult emotional attention
   =>the emotional problem is not obvious, even if it is identified, it cannot be handled properly
   =>WV(an organization) sponsored XXX to help
*the negative effects of orphanage
   1)unresolved negative emotion was not released when an normal kid became an orphan =>express anger (when they are young)
   2)social change
     they have to adapt to the orphanage=> feel stress=>confusion, anxiety, disorder, helpless
the locus of control includes external control(accept the negative situation) and internal control(be able to control your own fate)

疯狂的狐狸

done~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

lzhang06

Time 3
girs and boys suffer different pressure, girls suffer more emotional disorder, but which can be
ease in foster care. Boys are more impacted by physical pressure.
In terms of psychiatric and cognitive ability, girls are delayed by 2 years,
boys delayed by half or one years. The results are reversed from IQ tests.
The impairment is permenent, but know these findings help change the institution.

Time4 2m
brief introduction of syudy. Officals believe that orphans have innate problems, which lead their parients
abandon them, but not he insitituion life hurt them.

Time5 4m40s
the history of the damage of institution to children.
The opposite views of R officals, who prefer institution than foster care.
a writer post a study to refute and point the damages to orphanese. people fasely isolate orphans,
because they have more illness.
A study compares infants grow up in prison with mothers and cared in hospitals isolately.
Without love, children have higher death rate and have more cognitive and behavioral problems.

Time6 2m16s
People hard to accept that foster care is better for children than orphans.
Though the cost for foster care is lower than the operation of institution, lestilation system
should be blamed. Foster parents have less support and institutions are eailer to get granted from GOV.

Time7 11m
imporished foster family leads the orpgans lack of education, love and cultivation.
Teachers lacks of training to detect cognitive and psychological problems of children
As it is harder to notice psy prob of children, and children often get publishment when they behave disorder,
and children often handle death issues worse than adults, they more likely to be depressed and aggravated.
Social changes like Seperation from silibions,children are harder to accepted, then they will
suffer more psy prob and less education opportunity.
lucus control has two dimention: external and internal

MAGGIEHE1993

统计的时候看到是暗黑系列就过来看看

lemongrass17

Speed
Time2
Summarize the findings of a study.
Structure
Conclusion:the study showed that foster care can undo the negative effects especially in girls.
Support:research showed that girls in foster care and in an orphanage scored differently in IQ test.
        Probable factors behind the findings
Time3
The discovery of scientists in the the reasons of the differences mentioned above.
Structure
Background:the question remained:what exactly causes the difference between girls and boys.
Supportne possible answer was given by Z:girls suffer from emotional disorder while boys behavioral disorder.
        Scientists found the delay of physical development of children in institution.
Implication:these may shed some light on how to improve the institutional care.

Time4
A study in social children .
Structure
Background:the social children problems in Romania.
Support:the method and result of the study.
Time5
Spitz’s theory VS Sz’s theory :Spitz won.
Structure
Background:Romanian cultural preference for institutions.
Support:Sz’s post on Forbes:institutions are awful.
        Spitz’s theory:emotion matters.
Conclusion:love won=Spitz won
Time6
The reason why the idea of foster care is difficult to accept lies in the fact that government and non-profit funding is more easily granted to institutions than to individuals.
Structure
Support:the surprising part of
        A flaw in the study
Conclusion:why is this idea so difficult to accept?
           It does come down to money in that government and non-profit funding is more easily granted to institutions than individuals.
Support:the legislation is not keeping up with what they are finding.

Obstacle
There should be some changes made to cope with the psychological problems with orphans.
Structure
Support:adopting parents and school teachers lack the information on the problem.
Conclusion:there should be some changes.
Support:the critical situation of adopted orphans.
        Some efforts made by agencies.
        Reasons why orphaned children continue to experience emotional problems:there is a lack of knowledge of how to handle
        Comparison of emotional suffer between adults and children .
        Failure of individual to adapt to the change
       “locus of control”:external and internal.