【讨论】关于9-29每日阅读的那个题

ShadowInShadow

啊，为什么要专门开贴讨论呢，因为这个题是老ＧＲＥ（GodReadEnglish）时代公认的最难的阅读题——没有之一。然后表示我再一次遇见他的时候，还是有点迷糊的。

原帖：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GRE_Prep/thread-594914-1-1.html


文章：
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture. Our “frailties”—emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, “in the rip” of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.


Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.



题目：
Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?
(A) The ability of most people to see all the colors of the visible spectrum as against most people’s inability to name any but the primary colors
(B) The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people’s inability to mask their feelings completely
(C) The ability of some people to dive to great depths as against most people’s inability to swim long distances
(D) The psychological profile of those people who are able to delay gratification as against people’s inability to control their lives completely
(E) The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against people’s inability to fly without special apparatus


It can be inferred that in this discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change



先来看第一题
第一题的题干我记得当时就看了不下五分钟，这个句子超麻烦。。现在的理解是这样的（当然也还不一定对）

Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?

下列哪一个选项是在人类行为方面关于人体形态学的细节和各种限制约束最恰当的类比。

于是这是一个类比题，需要找出与“details vs. constraints”关系相近的一组，并且是在human morphology方面。
解决类比题的方法就是找出关键词和逻辑关系。这个题目来说，就是各种human morphology 方面的constraints（身体形态方面的负环境）和human morphology方面的details（身体形态上的特征）。
注意我特别标红了“身体形态上的”这个定语，类比题里面，这些定语绝对是最容易出干扰选项的了。做题时，看到这个定语就应该有所警觉，什么心理上的、行为上的之类之类的特征细节，一律干掉。
如果你这么想了，那么恭喜你，就这一个理由，你就可以轻易地干掉A-D，直接扑到正确选项E。做题做到这里，就应该拍拍屁股做下一个题。
但毕竟是关乎重大的考试，而且这个考试特别特别贵，总有同学不放心。于是ta会看一看E选项是怎么说的。
"The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor air as against people’s inability to fly without special apparatus"
不得不说这样做题是不对的，但是既然有需求，我们就看一看这句话。它说，“生活在山区的人的大的肺活量使得他们能在低氧情况下生存 vs. 人不借助工具就没法飞起来”。前者是人体形态上的一个小细节小特征，后者是人体形态方面的一个不足限制，恰好满足题目要求。
这里引用琦叔的一句话

平时做题，作懂比作对重要；考试做题，作对比做懂更重要。

所以大家在平时做题的时候，就要养成考试做题的习惯，大胆用排除法，作对了就行了。回头"debug"的时候再去看看自己是不是真的懂了。养成这样的习惯对于GRE考试时候的临场发挥至关重要。


好了来看第二个题
"Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes."
这句话说这些不适应性在各种东西的作用下，和阑尾一样，是生物进化的正常现象。
而ABCD选项都表现出（在某个方面）不正常，与文章相反，干掉。
扑倒E。
PS，第二问我当时就做错了，这里的解释也大体上是当时别人给我解释。还望大家一起讨论讨论。


By SIS

iseesea

太好啦

ShadowInShadow

哎。。写帖子都没人回复。。真纠结。。

tigerlil

第二题太纠结了。。。。

普渡哥

写得太好了！

普渡哥

谢谢liam大师

nickmyself

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josie0710

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re

fanfan3200

ding