OG 12th: 107th 【OG是没有错滴】

peill

我知道OG就是圣经。但是怎么看还是觉得107题，D选项的解释有问题。
(修改：C选项应该 更说明问题，我把C选项也加上)

107. Orginally developed for detecting air polutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medecine, archaeology , and criminology.

A.Orginally developed fordetecting air polutants, a technique called proton-induced X-rayemission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,

C.A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can  quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substanceand without destroying it.

D. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it.

问题：
首先A是正确答案。
在对D的解释中，说道which错误的修饰了emission.如果是这样的话，那A中也一样有which 错误修饰emission的问题啊。OG是不是错了？！

A\D的解释分别如下：

A.Correct. The modifiers are all correctly  placed and punctuated; the meaning is clear.
C. Called proton-induced X-ray emission should be placed next to a technique and should not be set off by commas;relative clause introduced by which incorrectly and illogically modifies emmision
D.Called proton-induced X-ray emission should be placed next to a technique and should not be set off by commas;relative clause introduced by which incorrectly and illogically modifies emmision;has the ability to is wordy.

winy

C和D在without前面用了and，所以是incorrectly and illogically的。

peill

D确实有这个问题“without前面用了and”。 C没有。

C.D排除是没有问题的。

就是关于which的这个错误，A里也有，为什么就可以忽略呢？

winy

因为C和D项中Called proton-induced X-ray emission被逗号隔开，后面的which从句和它修饰的真正逻辑主格A technique离开太远，在which失去它真正的逻辑主格的支撑后，其表意就不清了。独立的分词结构在句中是修饰前面整个句子，那么which按照语法来说不应该跟着一个独立的结构，因为which只能就近修饰前面的单词，所以造成混乱。
另：上面的题目中的C项substance后多了一个and，我看了一下OG，好像是没有的。所以我上面说C项在without前不能有and。

peill

哦，我明白了。你的意思是说，当which紧跟在a technique called proton-induced X-rayemission后面时，which还是可以被认为实在修饰a technique的。
可是我一直以为，GMAT里面的which只能修饰紧跟在前面的那个词的。
A选项里面的which难道不是修饰emission的吗？

winy

A选项里面的真正的逻辑主格是a technique，当然你可以认为是修饰emission，这里分词结构同时修饰a technique，a technique和emission是等同的，并不会造成表意混乱。

peill

刚在另外一个帖子里看到llssyy93的X+Y,which的总结。我觉得可能也适合A选项的情况。

今天没事了翻Manhattan论坛，看到Ron的一段话，我突然脑子不知道怎么回事就想起来这个帖子了，，，真的是好久了，，，不知道为什么会想起来这个，，，
if you have "X of Y, which..."
then:
* if Y works as the antecedent of "which", then "which" should stand for Y.
* if Y doesn't work as the antecedent, but "X of Y" DOES work, then "which" can stand for "X of Y".

还有LZ我看到你以前的帖子了，这句话的意思是不是说which其实可以指代X OF Y这个意群呢？
我又搜了搜Ron的解释：
if you have "X + preposition + Y, which..."
then:
* if Y works (in terms of both grammar and common sense) as the antecedent of "which", then "which" should stand for Y.
* if Y doesn't work as the antecedent, but "X + prep + Y" DOES work, then "which" can stand for "X (+ prep + Y)".（这次Ron加了括号····）
这个是不是说其实which还是在指代X这个NOUN，因为prep+y实际上是作为一个adj/adv去修饰X的，我又查了一遍Manhattan,它对which用法的解释是：use which only to refer to the noun immediately preceding it ,这里的noun指的就是这个X吧，把prep+y看做一个后置的modifier，而不是指代X + prep + Y这several nouns 吧···

llssyy93

我知道OG就是圣经。但是怎么看还是觉得107题，D选项的解释有问题。
(修改：C选项应该 更说明问题，我把C选项也加上)

107. Orginally developed for detecting air polutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medecine, archaeology , and criminology.

A.Orginally developed fordetecting air polutants, a technique called proton-induced X-rayemission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,

C.A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can  quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substanceand without destroying it.

D. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it.

问题：
首先A是正确答案。
在对D的解释中，说道which错误的修饰了emission.如果是这样的话，那A中也一样有which 错误修饰emission的问题啊。OG是不是错了？！

A\D的解释分别如下：

A.Correct. The modifiers are all correctly  placed and punctuated; the meaning is clear.
C. Called proton-induced X-ray emission should be placed next to a technique and should not be set off by commas;relative clause introduced by which incorrectly and illogically modifies emmision
D.Called proton-induced X-ray emission should be placed next to a technique and should not be set off by commas;relative clause introduced by which incorrectly and illogically modifies emmision;has the ability to is wordy.

-- by 会员 peill (2012/5/5 12:10:01)

首先OG的答案是没有错的
A.Orginally developed fordetecting air polutants, a technique called proton-induced X-rayemission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
首先看A的结构，是modifier+subject(technique)+modifier（which)的结构，a tech是subject,called  proton-induced X-ray emission
是用来修饰a tech的，翻译过来其实等于this tech= proton-induced X-ray,所以这两个东西是一样的所以which指代没有歧义。 C.A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can  quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substanceand without destroying it.
再来看C，我觉得最重要的错误不在于which,而是在于called这个modifier,任何“逗号+-ed”的成分都是修饰离-ed成分最近的noun，所以这里called实际在修饰air pollutants,这是一个很严重的逻辑错误，因为called本身要指的是a tech。
那么此时离which可以最近修饰的noun便是这个emission，而emission存在的这个modifier因为有called的存在使它修饰的不再是a tech,而是pollutants,which在这里的指代就根本不对了
这就是AC的本质区别
或者从句子的成分上看：
A选项是modifier+subect+modifier的机构，修饰成分分散在subject的两遍，都在修饰subject,不会引起歧义
而C则是subject+modifier+modifier,即使两个modifier都想修饰subject,也会存在第二个Modifier修饰第一个modifier的歧义，所以C不如A好
提供一个秒杀这道题的方法：看句子结构
A  modifier+subject+modifier
B  modifier+modifier+subject
C subject+modifier+modifier
D subject+modifier+modifier

E错误太明显不说了
从句子的结构上来看，显然A是最不会引起歧义的两个modifier都在修饰subject,而B,C,D都有第二个Modifier修饰第一个modifier的嫌疑
根据Manhattan语法，avoid long sequences of modifiers that modify the same noun.Putting two long modifiers in a row before(如B ) or after a moun(如C,D)can lead to awkward .（此规律恒成立）

winy

刚在另外一个帖子里看到llssyy93的X+Y,which的总结。我觉得可能也适合A选项的情况。

今天没事了翻Manhattan论坛，看到Ron的一段话，我突然脑子不知道怎么回事就想起来这个帖子了，，，真的是好久了，，，不知道为什么会想起来这个，，，
if you have "X of Y, which..."
then:
* if Y works as the antecedent of "which", then "which" should stand for Y.
* if Y doesn't work as the antecedent, but "X of Y" DOES work, then "which" can stand for "X of Y".

还有LZ我看到你以前的帖子了，这句话的意思是不是说which其实可以指代X OF Y这个意群呢？
我又搜了搜Ron的解释：
if you have "X + preposition + Y, which..."
then:
* if Y works (in terms of both grammar and common sense) as the antecedent of "which", then "which" should stand for Y.
* if Y doesn't work as the antecedent, but "X + prep + Y" DOES work, then "which" can stand for "X (+ prep + Y)".（这次Ron加了括号····）
这个是不是说其实which还是在指代X这个NOUN，因为prep+y实际上是作为一个adj/adv去修饰X的，我又查了一遍Manhattan,它对which用法的解释是：use which only to refer to the noun immediately preceding it ,这里的noun指的就是这个X吧，把prep+y看做一个后置的modifier，而不是指代X + prep + Y这several nouns 吧···

-- by 会员 peill (2012/5/5 21:06:10)

我认为这是非限制性定从which和限制性定从that的区别，限制性定从that肯定是修饰前面紧跟着的名词，即"X + prep + Y"的Y，而非限制性定从which则修饰前面的核心名词，即"X (+ prep + Y)"的X。但鉴于GMAT强调表意的绝对清晰，有时"X (+ prep + Y)"后面跟which非限制性定从到底能不能表意清晰，要具体判断。如果"prep + Y“是个非常长的结构，我觉得应该寻找更佳的选择。因为，我不想做这样的自我挑战，呵呵。

peill

讲的太明白啦！！十分感谢nn。