越障： Inequality的前世今生 -disparities less visible, but income gap increases in US (using 2 examples to illustrate) -inequality in different countries→share of national income for 1% top rich↑
Measurement and Analysis of inequality Gini ratio -income gap: poor>rich -over decades: Δpoor>Δrich, except for Latin America(Gini fall in recent ten years), but income gap in majority countries↑ -global inequality↓ K's cureve -shape U, explain relationship between inequality and prosperity
Worries about Inequality -government家家有本难念的经 -economists:side-effects,harmful to sound economy, "who get what"——slow growth, reduce demand, cause financial crises...
Conclusions -euqlity for what? some for opportuniy, some for outcome -the report provide 3 aguments: government policy; inefficient inequality;invest in youth(True Progressivism)
速度： 1’59’’(301) When J, foreign ministry of Mexico , was a boy, his family drove to U.S. and bought a lot of goods during the holiday. Mexico has a domestic market at that time , providing people limited goods. Now, Mexico has become one of the largest economic countries in the world, trading with U.S. , China…
2’24’’(355) Mexico has both globalised elites and globalised peasants. Students study in U.S. and learn how to trade with their giant neighbor. Business based on Mexico is no longer a disadvantage. Rising capital is easy.. Mexico likes foreign investors.
2’27’’(357) There also other reasons for gloomy of Mexico business. (1) Crime. Gangsters and drug trades happened. (2) Corruption. (3) Bureaucrat. Some people blame that some Mexico companies have abilities to invest in foreign countries because they earned oligopoly money in domestic countries. e.g. Mexico telephone companies ** , earn 70%... , in New York earn 8%...
2’12’’(374) B** seeking international support for its country. Vice president of B** said he knew it is still much to be done to solve the poverty problem and increase the welfare for people. B** will establish free prime school education for children and free health care for children under 5 years old. The human rights problems still need more efforts to work on it. It’s still need more time to gather the elements for a emerging country from war to create a stable peace place.
2’36’’(445) USPS calls for federal government to let it changes the way of doing business. USPS has a long history in U.S. The company’s profit falls because of growing costs. USPS also has to pay advanced fees for retirees. The company asked federal government to cancel its paying fees for retirees. Without major changes , USPS will continue to lose billions of dollars a year.
越障： 14’00’’(1520) 剩余部分：4’41’’(438)
Theme: Growing Inequality is one of the biggest problems but it is not inevitable. Author’s attitude : Negative(—) Structure: >> Phenomena: There are more and more rich people. According to Forbes’, U.S. has more than 400 billionaires.. China.. India.. Inequality differs widely around the world. >> Problem：Inequality is growing. More inequality means poor people and the middle-class people fallen behind not only in relative degree but also in absolute… >> The method to measure：The best-known way of measuring inequality is Gini coefficient. Gini coefficient can be good when people are rewarded for their productivity, or it can be bad when poor lose inequalities… Disadvantage: Gini coefficient is simply a snapshot of outcomes. It does not tell why the inequality happens… Some people address on equality of opportunities, others pay attention to equality of income. European countries said a fair country should not have wide income gaps. Americans and Chinese put more emphasis on equality of opportunities. >> Solutions: A special report draws some conclusions. The debate over inequality will have consequence. (1) Though modern economy has contributed to inequality , a big diver of inequality is the government policy; (2) In inefficient, unequal countries, market and government fail reduce the growth; (3) A reforms agenda will benefit whatever the attitude towards inequality.
obstacle 13'07 今天越障好长~~ 1.In the US's first Gilded Age, George Vanderbilt own a 16,000 ㎡ house which is 300 times bigger than the normal house.
2.In the second Gilded Age, Bill Gates own a house filled with high-techs and is 30 times bigger than the normal one. But at that time, normal family owns television, air condition and car.
3.In the past 30 years, the inequality exceeded that in the old time. The richest 1% owns 10%~20% of the property, and the richest 0.01% owns 5% of the property.
4. Many countries are also worrying about income gap. And according to the Forbes Magzine, the world's richest man is from Mexica, and an Indian owns the biggest house.
5.An index works best to measure income gap is Gini Coefficient. According to Gini Coefficient, emerging economies suffer more than rich economies.
6.Scandinavian countries have the smallest income disparities, with a Gini Coefficient of 0.25, and the other end of countries have a Gini Coefficient of around 0.6.
7.The trend of income disparities changes. Most coutries' disparities are bigger, with a biggest exception of Latin American. But it doesn't mean that the whole world's income disparity is bigger now. According to a research , it was the biggest between 19th to 20th century, now the income is fairer.
8.The income disparities pattern changes from U to N and its politial prominence is newer. It was once something on the top of the to-do list. But after the crash, it has changed.
9.In some more buoyant emerging economies, income gap is also a growing worry. It may damage the side-effects.
第一次练习，速度每篇都在2min左右。越障。。看懂了，但是后面的记不住，是我的方法问题么？希望和大家一起进步！ 1\In the past, Mexican always smuggled the goods. Thanks to the …, the economy of Mexican become open and dynamic. Location and competitiveness over other countries contribute to the development.
2\Poor and rich Mexicans all make contributor to the economy. Mexicans utilize its giant neighbor to develop economy. Foreign investors are preferable to Mexico now than past.
3\There exists some obstacles of the economy of the mexico, such as the corruption and the preponderance of the domestic giant investors.
4\VP of the B tried to attract the support from other countries, for B has eliminate one of the threaten and .. however, he admitted that there are indeed some facts that impede the development.
Obstacle The author cites an old example about Vanderbilt to illustrate that the inequity indeed exists. E about BG. Nowadays, the inequality is more serious. Not only appeared in the USA, the inequity but also existed in the emerging countries. Ppl use GC to judge the IN.
2'18 mexico become more competitive in export market to USA. mexican used to drive car to US to buy stuff, cheaper and more choices. mexico become the second largest export country 69%. and the second largest country .. electricity goods… coz the soaring wage in china and the rising oil price. mexico become competitive in export.
1'48 a lot of mexican and the descendants live in usa. such as a mexican beer company and bakery company get a chance to success.
2'21 mexican business gets a lot of chance, but people worry about the violent side. corruption. the war-mart's investment in mexico. the large international firms make money in home and invest oversea.the two richest guy in mexico. xxxx
1'48 xxx country need international support to implement ambitious plan. the guy said its worth to help. will help poverty, society welfare. education, women decision, food security… peace
2.'05 USPS announced the loss.. coz the income coundnt catch up with cost. the high payment for health care of retirees and payment for injury workers. USPS tried to cut cost by means such as no service on Sat and fourth. it is the first time USPS can't do the payment for the retirees. USPS said the health care program can't run any business. this company doesnt get any assistant from government. but run by government.
10'43 wealth disparity. two examples, two rich guys' house compare with average house…. the gap is getting bigger. a number of research data…. gini 0-1 U-N not just confined to usa, as well as china, brazil. a lot of controversial research. good or bad.
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2012-11-1 23:23:15
楼主
