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[阅读小分队] 【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障9系列】【9-18】经管

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发表于 2012-10-31 22:05:57 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
周四的阅读饕餮盛宴华丽丽地登场!!!欢迎大家前来品尝~~

上周回顾:
表现突出的孩纸给予小红花:
映雪在【9-11】中的越障读得很快,结构很棒,值得学习~
Michelle在【9-13】中越障总结的清晰完整,文章结构和作者态度都有,大家可以多去学习和参考~
yqhpsyche 在【9-14】中的回忆较之前很有进步

其他小分队的成员继续努力!!!互相交流,互相监督!相信只要方法得当,坚持多读,终会看到自己量变到质变的~
另外,再强调一下,加入群讨论的成员请按要求在报名贴写上自己的目标规划,作为对自己的督促,加群的时候请备注: 你的CD用户名 + 暗号CD阅读小分队。猴老大的帖子已写得很详尽,在此不再多说~

【Speed】
Time 1:
The global Mexican —— Mexico is open for business

[attachimg=595,335]109264[/attachimg]

WHEN Jorge Castañeda (later Mexico’s foreign minister) was a boy, a typical family holiday was to drive to Texas. “[O]ne of the main purposes of the journey was to purchase fayuca: contraband electronics, food, clothes [and] gadgets of all sorts.” In their closed domestic market, Mexicans had few choices besides “obsolete TV sets…rancid peanut butter [and] highly flammable Terlenka windbreakers”. In the United States, they could buy good stuff cheaply. To smuggle it home, they would fill the car with hidden goodies, leaving a small TV ostentatiously visible. The customs officer would confiscate the TV and miss the rest.

Mexico has transformed itself. A generation ago it defended its borders ferociously against yanqui imports. Today, thanks partly to the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it is one of the most open large economies in the world. Exports plus imports will reach the equivalent of 69% of GDP this year, according to HSBC, a bank—far higher than Brazil (19%) or China (48%). It is the world’s second-largest exporter of fridges, and the second-largest supplier of electronic goods to the United States.

Location helps. No other emerging economy shares a long land border with the world’s biggest market. And soaring wages in China are making Mexico more competitive. In 2001 Mexican manufacturing wages were four times those in China; now the difference is trivial. Add in the price of fuel, and it is often as cheap to make things in Monterrey and drive them across the Rio Grande as to make them in Guangdong and ship them across the Pacific. It is also faster: a Mexican lorry can be in Michigan in a couple of days. Small wonder that Nissan, Honda, GM, Coca-Cola, DuPont and Eurocopter are rushing to invest south of the border.
(301words)


Time 2:
Mexico is unusual in that it not only has a globalised elite but also a globalised peasantry. The rich study in the United States; the poor mop floors there. Both groups benefit their homeland. The elite pick up skills and contacts at American universities, which help Mexican firms do business with their giant neighbour. Migrant mop-wielders send money home to poor Mexican villages. The scale of border-straddling is colossal. One Mexican in ten lives in the United States—some 12m people. Add in the descendants of Mexicans born in the United States and the number is 33m. This creates a market for Mexican products: Corona is the most popular imported beer north of the border.

Mexico’s most dynamic firms tend to be cosmopolitan. Grupo Bimbo, Mexico’s biggest baker, is also America’s, having bought the North American baking arm of Sara Lee in 2011. Daniel Servitje, its Stanford-educated boss, switches easily between English and Spanish, and between home and abroad. Grupo Bimbo sells tortillas in the United States and American-style bagels in Mexico. Mr Servitje plans to invest $1 billion in the United States in the next five years to build zippier, cheaper bakeries. He aims to consolidate a business that has long been scattered like sprinkles on a cake. He wants to gain economies of scale, and to spread good ideas from one market to another. (The firm’s Mexican truckers take a four-day course in courtesy; other road-users notice the difference. This is less urgent in other countries.)

Other Mexican firms are spreading their wings, too. Cemex is the largest seller of certain types of cement in the United States. Alfa, a conglomerate, drills for gas in Texas. (Both firms’ bosses were at Stanford.) For a multinational, being based in Mexico is no longer a disadvantage. Raising capital is not hard; the Mexican bolsa is flavour of the month with foreign investors. Mexican firms are well-placed to expand north (where there are lots of Mexicans) or south (where Spanish is the lingua franca). Of the 19 countries where Grupo Bimbo operates, all but three are in the Americas (the others are Spain, Portugal and China).
(355 words)

Time 3:
There are still plenty of reasons to be gloomy about Mexican business. Crime is one: head-hacking drug gangs scare off tourists and shake down small firms. Yet the violence has barely touched big investors. The gangsters do not know whom to shake down at foreign car factories. Mr Servitje says his lorries are seldom robbed—bread is too bulky and perishable to be worth stealing.
Gangs, bungs and bureaucrats
Corruption is a bigger worry. Walmart’s rapid expansion in Mexico hit a bump this year when the American retailer revealed that it was investigating alleged bribes paid by its proxies to speed up permits to open new stores. The news surprised no one in Mexico. Local officials routinely drag their feet so that companies will pay them to hurry up. The World Bank’s Doing Business 2013 report finds that red tape is being cut: it ranks Mexican rules on such things as starting a firm and paying taxes 48th in the world—82 places better than Brazil. But Mexican mandarins still have the power to make life wretched for businesses.
Another criticism of Mexico’s global firms is that they have the muscle to venture abroad only because they earn oligopolistic profits at home. Carlos Slim, the world’s richest man, controls more than 70% of the Mexican mobile-phone market, which gives him ample cash to invest in foreign telecoms firms (and the New York Times, of which he owns 8%). Grupo Bimbo and Cemex have also used dominant positions at home as a springboard for overseas investments. Those investments have yet to prove their worth: Bimbo’s American foray has yet to earn more than the cost of capital, and Cemex’s has pushed it far into debt.
Yet the greatest threat to global Mexican firms is less subtle. It is the closing of that 2,000-mile border. Thanks to drones, deportations and economic doldrums, net migration from Mexico to the United States has tumbled to roughly zero. If Mexican students and workers find it too hard to move back and forth, they will eventually stay put. Connections will grow stale, like breadcrusts. That will be bad for business, and much besides.
(357 words)

Time 4:
Burundi Seeks International Support for Development
[attachimg=268,327]109265[/attachimg]

Gervais Rufyikiri, Second Vice-President of Burundi, speaks during the Millennium Development Goals Summit at United Nations headquarters in New York on September 20, 2010.

GENEVA — The Republic of Burundi is seeking support from international donors for a new four-year development plan. The United Nations Development Program is hosting a two-day conference, bringing together representatives of the Burundian government and foreign governments as well as donor agencies.

Burundi's Second Vice President, Gervais Rufyikiri said his government will need $1 billion to implement its ambitious development program. Rufyikiri said his country should be able to generate 48 percent of the funds and hopes to secure the rest of the money from international donors.

He said Burundi is worthy of international support because it has made progress in improving socio-economic conditions and stabilizing the country since a peace agreement with rebel groups was signed in Tanzania in 2006.

Rufyikiri said that during the past five years, the government has reduced fiscal fraud and that the organization Transparency International has improved its ranking for Burundi.

But Burundi's vice president acknowledged that much work still needs to be done to bring down the high levels of poverty in the country and to improve the social welfare of his people.

Rufyikiri said Burundi must resolve its problems of food insecurity and malnutrition. He said the government must also find a way to meet the energy needs of its people.

Rufyikiri said more women must be brought into decision-making positions. He said the government is working to provide free primary school education for children as well as free health for all children under the age of 5. He said more must be done to bring down the high levels of maternal mortality.

Human Rights Watch, which is attending the conference, accuses the Burundi government of human rights violations, such as torture, assassination and rape. The human rights monitoring group said it is concerned about political killings, and threats against civil society activists and journalists, many of whom are imprisoned. It is urging the government to strengthen the rule of law, increase the independence of judges, and ensure justice for all people in Burundi.

Vice President Rufyikiri acknowledged that abuses do occur. But he said Burundi is emerging from a decade of war and that it takes time to consolidate all of the elements needed to create a stable peace.
(374 words)

Time 5:
US Postal Service Wants Congress to Make Changes to Its Business Model
This month, the United States Postal Service reported a loss of over five billion dollars from April to June. The Postal Service says it expects to report a loss of fifteen billion dollars for the twelve-month period ending in September. And the government agency has warned of even bigger losses if Congress does not let it change the way it does business.

The United States Postal Service, or USPS, has a long history in America. Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first Postmaster General, or head of the postal service, in seventeen seventy-five.


[attachimg=268,151]109266[/attachimg]

Ohio representative Dennis Kucinich and activists from the Postal Workers Union demonstrate to urge Congress to take action to help the United States Postal Service in June.

But the Postal Service says its income has not kept up with growing costs. Profitable first class mail is decreasing.

The service says most of its recent losses resulted from making payments to its health care program for retirees. About a billion dollars of the loss was for payments to injured workers.

The news from April to June was not all bad. Improvements in the economy fueled a nine percent increase in income from shipping and delivery. The Postal Service says it is less costly to send letters and packages in the mail than to use private companies.

The Postal Service says it has cut operating costs by a total of fourteen billion dollars in the past five years. To improve its financial health, the agency has proposed cutting service on Saturdays. It also wants Congress to cancel a requirement that the postal service make advance payments to the health care program for retired workers. USPS also wants the Treasury Department to return eleven billion dollars in overpayments made to its pension plan for retirees.

On August first, USPS failed to make a required payment of five point five billion dollars for health care benefits for future retirees. It was the first time the postal service has ever failed to make such a payment. And, the service is warning that it may have to delay making payments to companies to which it owes money.

The Postal Service says that without major changes, it will continue to lose billions of dollars a year. The Washington Post newspaper reported that Postmaster General Patrick Donohue told reporters "Congress needs to act responsibly." In his words, "this is no way to run any kind of business."

The Postal Service receives money to pay for operations from the sale of stamps, products and shipping services. It does not receive direct government assistance, but is controlled by the federal government.
(445 words)

【Obstacle】
For richer, for poorer
Growing inequality is one of the biggest social, economic and political challenges of our time. But it is not inevitable, says Zanny Minton Beddoes

[attachimg=595,335]109267[/attachimg]

IN 1889, AT the height of America’s first Gilded Age, George Vanderbilt II, grandson of the original railway magnate, set out to build a country estate in the Blue Ridge mountains of North Carolina. He hired the most prominent architect of the time, toured the chateaux of the Loire for inspiration, laid a railway to bring in limestone from Indiana and employed more than 1,000 labourers. Six years later “Biltmore” was completed. With 250 rooms spread over 175,000 square feet (16,000 square metres), the mansion was 300 times bigger than the average dwelling of its day. It had central heating, an indoor swimming pool, a bowling alley, lifts and an intercom system at a time when most American homes had neither electricity nor indoor plumbing.

A bit over a century later, America’s second Gilded Age has nothing quite like the Vanderbilt extravaganza. Bill Gates’s home near Seattle is full of high-tech gizmos, but, at 66,000 square feet, it is a mere 30 times bigger than the average modern American home. Disparities in wealth are less visible in Americans’ everyday lives today than they were a century ago. Even poor people have televisions, air conditioners and cars.

But appearances deceive. The democratisation of living standards has masked a dramatic concentration of incomes over the past 30 years, on a scale that matches, or even exceeds, the first Gilded Age. Including capital gains, the share of national income going to the richest 1% of Americans has doubled since 1980, from 10% to 20%, roughly where it was a century ago. Even more striking, the share going to the top 0.01%—some 16,000 families with an average income of $24m—has quadrupled, from just over 1% to almost 5%. That is a bigger slice of the national pie than the top 0.01% received 100 years ago.

This is an extraordinary development, and it is not confined to America. Many countries, including Britain, Canada, China, India and even egalitarian Sweden, have seen a rise in the share of national income taken by the top 1%. The numbers of the ultra-wealthy have soared around the globe. According to Forbes magazine’s rich list, America has some 421 billionaires, Russia 96, China 95 and India 48. The world’s richest man is a Mexican (Carlos Slim, worth some $69 billion). The world’s largest new house belongs to an Indian. Mukesh Ambani’s 27-storey skyscraper in Mumbai occupies 400,000 square feet, making it 1,300 times bigger than the average shack in the slums that surround it.

The concentration of wealth at the very top is part of a much broader rise in disparities all along the income distribution. The best-known way of measuring inequality is the Gini coefficient, named after an Italian statistician called Corrado Gini. It aggregates the gaps between people’s incomes into a single measure. If everyone in a group has the same income, the Gini coefficient is 0; if all income goes to one person, it is 1.

The level of inequality differs widely around the world. Emerging economies are more unequal than rich ones.
Scandinavian countries have the smallest income disparities, with a Gini coefficient for disposable income of around 0.25. At the other end of the spectrum the world’s most unequal, such as South Africa, register Ginis of around 0.6. (Because of the way the scale is constructed, a modest-sounding difference in the Gini ratio implies a big difference in inequality.)
[attachimg=595,299]109268[/attachimg]

Income gaps have also changed to varying degrees. America’s Gini for disposable income is up by almost 30% since 1980, to 0.39. Sweden’s is up by a quarter, to 0.24. China’s has risen by around 50% to 0.42 (and by some measures to 0.48). The biggest exception to the general upward trend is Latin America, long the world’s most unequal continent, where Gini coefficients have fallen sharply over the past ten years. But the majority of the people on the planet live in countries where income disparities are bigger than they were a generation ago.

That does not mean the world as a whole has become more unequal. Global inequality—the income gaps between all people on the planet—has begun to fall as poorer countries catch up with richer ones. Two French economists, François Bourguignon and Christian Morrisson, have calculated a “global Gini” that measures the scale of income disparities among everyone in the world. Their index shows that global inequality rose in the 19th and 20th centuries because richer economies, on average, grew faster than poorer ones. Recently that pattern has reversed and global inequality has started to fall even as inequality within many countries has risen. By that measure, the planet as a whole is becoming a fairer place. But in a world of nation states it is inequality within countries that has political salience, and this special report will focus on that.
[attachimg=595,302]109269[/attachimg]

From U to N
The widening of income gaps is a reversal of the pattern in much of the 20th century, when inequality narrowed in many countries. That narrowing seemed so inevitable that Simon Kuznets, a Belarusian-born Harvard economist, in 1955 famously described the relationship between inequality and prosperity as an upside-down U. According to the “Kuznets curve”, inequality rises in the early stages of industrialisation as people leave the land, become more productive and earn more in factories. Once industrialisation is complete and better-educated citizens demand redistribution from their government, it declines again.

Until 1980 this prediction appeared to have been vindicated. But the past 30 years have put paid to the Kuznets curve, at least in advanced economies. These days the inverted U has turned into something closer to an italicised N, with the final stroke pointing menacingly upwards.

Although inequality has been on the rise for three decades, its political prominence is newer. During the go-go years before the financial crisis, growing disparities were hardly at the top of politicians’ to-do list. One reason was that asset bubbles and cheap credit eased life for everyone. Financiers were growing fabulously wealthy in the early 2000s, but others could also borrow ever more against the value of their home.

That changed after the crash. The bank rescues shone a spotlight on the unfairness of a system in which affluent bankers were bailed out whereas ordinary folk lost their houses and jobs. And in today’s sluggish economies, more inequality often means that people at the bottom and even in the middle of the income distribution are falling behind not just in relative but also in absolute terms.

The Occupy Wall Street campaign proved incoherent and ephemeral, but inequality and fairness have moved right up the political agenda. America’s presidential election is largely being fought over questions such as whether taxes should rise at the top, and how big a role government should play in helping the rest. In Europe France’s new president, François Hollande, wants a top income-tax rate of 75%. New surcharges on the richest are part of austerity programmes in Portugal and Spain.

Even in more buoyant emerging economies, inequality is a growing worry. India’s government is under fire for the lack of “inclusive growth” and for cronyism that has enriched insiders, evident from dubious mobile-phone-spectrum auctions and dodgy mining deals. China’s leaders fear that growing disparities will cause social unrest. Wen Jiabao, the outgoing prime minister, has long pushed for a “harmonious society”.

Many economists, too, now worry that widening income disparities may have damaging side-effects. In theory, inequality has an ambiguous relationship with prosperity. It can boost growth, because richer folk save and invest more and because people work harder in response to incentives. But big income gaps can also be inefficient, because they can bar talented poor people from access to education or feed resentment that results in growth-destroying populist policies.

The mainstream consensus has long been that a growing economy raises all boats, to much better effect than incentive-dulling redistribution. Robert Lucas, a Nobel prize-winner, epitomised the orthodoxy when he wrote in 2003 that “of the tendencies that are harmful to sound economics, the most seductive and…poisonous is to focus on questions of distribution.”

But now the economics establishment has become concerned about who gets what. Research by economists at the IMF suggests that income inequality slows growth, causes financial crises and weakens demand. In a recent report the Asian Development Bank argued that if emerging Asia’s income distribution had not worsened over the past 20 years, the region’s rapid growth would have lifted an extra 240m people out of extreme poverty. More controversial studies purport to link widening income gaps with all manner of ills, from obesity to suicide.

The widening gaps within many countries are beginning to worry even the plutocrats. A survey for the World Economic Forum meeting at Davos pointed to inequality as the most pressing problem of the coming decade (alongside fiscal imbalances). In all sections of society, there is growing agreement that the world is becoming more unequal, and that today’s disparities and their likely trajectory are dangerous.

[attachimg=595,336]109270[/attachimg]

(1520words)

剩余部分:
Not so fast
That is too simplistic. Inequality, as measured by Gini coefficients, is simply a snapshot of outcomes. It does not tell you why those gaps have opened up or what the trend is over time. And like any snapshot, the picture can be misleading. Income gaps can arise for good reasons (such as when people are rewarded for productive work) or for bad ones (if poorer children do not get the same opportunities as richer ones). Equally, inequality of outcomes might be acceptable if the gaps are between young people and older folk, so may shrink over time. But in societies without this sort of mobility a high Gini is troubling.

Some societies are more concerned about equality of opportunity, others more about equality of outcome. Europeans tend to be more egalitarian, believing that in a fair society there should be no big income gaps. Americans and Chinese put more emphasis on equality of opportunity. Provided people can move up the social ladder, they believe a society with wide income gaps can still be fair. Whatever people’s preferences, static measures of income gaps tell only half the story.

Despite the lack of nuance, today’s debate over inequality will have important consequences. The unstable history of Latin America, long the continent with the biggest income gaps, suggests that countries run by entrenched wealthy elites do not do very well. Yet the 20th century’s focus on redistribution brought its own problems. Too often high-tax welfare states turned out to be inefficient and unsustainable. Government cures for inequality have sometimes been worse than the disease itself.

This special report will explore how 21st-century capitalism should respond to the present challenge; it will examine the recent history of both inequality and social mobility; and it will offer four contemporary case studies: the United States, emerging Asia, Latin America and Sweden. Based on this evidence it will make three arguments. First, although the modern global economy is leading to wider gaps between the more and the less educated, a big driver of today’s income distributions is government policy. Second, a lot of today’s inequality is inefficient, particularly in the most unequal countries. It reflects market and government failures that also reduce growth. And where this is happening, bigger income gaps themselves are likely to reduce both social mobility and future prosperity.

Third, there is a reform agenda to reduce income disparities that makes sense whatever your attitude towards fairness. It is not about higher taxes and more handouts. Both in rich and emerging economies, it is about attacking cronyism and investing in the young. You could call it a “True Progressivism”.
(438 words)

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发表于 2012-10-31 22:11:04 | 显示全部楼层
讨厌~居然发小红花~~
老湿我要你的香吻好不好嘛

PS:我是来占沙发的
 楼主| 发表于 2012-11-1 07:59:11 | 显示全部楼层
讨厌~居然发小红花~~
老湿我要你的香吻好不好嘛

PS:我是来占沙发的
-- by 会员 映雪瑶渊 (2012/10/31 22:11:04)



么么~~   哈哈,我也来占个板凳,待会儿读~~
发表于 2012-11-1 10:33:43 | 显示全部楼层
前排留名!
1‘44''
1'56''
2'06''
1'54''
2'03''
今天的越障好长,不过很有现实意义。
1.the inequality is broadening in most counyries.
2.BUT, if view the world as a whole, the inequality actually is narrowing. Because the developing countries blabla
3.express the concerning of the income gap, show side-effects of the inequality.
发表于 2012-11-1 13:51:28 | 显示全部楼层
1'24"
1'55"
1'56"
2'28"
2'40"
发表于 2012-11-1 14:08:39 | 显示全部楼层
中间电脑蓝屏,速度的记录不见了。基本在150左右。觉得最近速度的能力下降了。

越障:
10‘59 138

1、Disparity is getting serious in not only US but also countries all over the world.
2\ Kene coefficient reflects the income disparities within countries. Inequality is growing within all countries. But fairness is improved among countries.
3\According to the “Kuznets curve”, inequality rises in the early stages of industrialisation,Once industrialisation is complete and better-educated citizens demand redistribution from their government, it declines again. The curve is proposed as a U. but now it seems to be a N.
4\ Inequality  has now become a political issues. Inequality brings out less efficiency in economics.
5\a growing economy raises all boats, to much better effect than incentive-dulling redistribution.
However, currently politics all over the world tend to focus on redistribution. This can be dangerous.
6\ the report explores historical course and different cases on this topic.  3 parts listed.
发表于 2012-11-1 14:09:23 | 显示全部楼层
居然得了小红花,谢谢Attract,嘿嘿~~

不敢松懈啊,来交作业。今天的速度篇幅比较长,不过题材很有趣。越障就更长了,写回忆挺累的,而且出现断片。写完了没什么信心,呵呵。

1'33"
Open trading brought Mexico a lot of opportunities for economical increasing. They can not only buy stuff from the U.S. and also from China directly.
1'53"
Mexico can be benefitted from the education/scholoring from the U.S.. And its domestic markets get more and more business opportunities locally and globally. Mexican bakery, gas, and other industries increased rapidly lately.
2'11"
Crime is another important factor to lead Mexico to be successful in business. Drugs, robbing and stealing are the main style of those crimes. And also bureaucrats and corruption are big worry of Mexican economic increase as well.
The young generation found it's hard to move forth or back, so most of them chose to stay the same.
2'13"
The vice president of Burundi is seeking for donors globaly for next 5 years, but the plan is not very clear. He said Burundi has some reasons to be helped: increased socio-econimc development. For future, there are something important to improve in Burundi: problems of poverty, energy needs, women status and human rights.
2'12"
USPS lost money in the past years. Its profit dropped because the cost increased rapidly and revenue didn't change. And also, PS needs to do service to the retirees. All the income of PS is come from it's shipping, post stamps. Even though the federal government controls PS, the USPS doesn't get any compensation funding from government.

Obstacle 11'13" + Rest 2'55"
Main Idea: What caused the income gaps between rich and poor people
Author attitude: Positive
Article structure:
1) Situation/Phenomenon: the condition of how rich people spend money on their luxy lives in various countries, meanwhile it's mentioned about how income gas changed in the past decades globally.(examples: the U.S., China, India...)
2) Researches/studies/analysises:
-- Ecnomists are trying to find out the true facts behind the situation;
-- Special ecnomic tool(Gini) is used to evaluate and calculate the gaps and current conditions in advanced and emerging countries.
-- Politicians use their political methodlogies to try to minize the gaps;
-- Conclusion: the income gaps are becoming bigger.
3) Conclusions: Some societies concern about equality of opportunity, but others concern about equality of outcome. three conclusions are drawed by them:
-- More and less (uneven) education caused the income gaps;
-- Unqual countries do not have fairness for poor people. (Against equality of opportunity)
-- Investing in young generation, “True Progressivism”.
发表于 2012-11-1 17:35:15 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢attractg的分享~

1’28
1’51    
2’01    
1’58    
2’02    

越障看过了~
发表于 2012-11-1 20:22:38 | 显示全部楼层
1.1’49
The situation in Mexico has changed; it has become one of the most open economies in the world.
2. 2’38
Both elites and peasants spread to the US, so do the Mexican firms.
3. 2’29
Disadvantaged of investing in Mexico: corruption, oligopolist…
4. 2’06
The country B needs international support. Why other countries should support B? B is doing well in…. but still has some problems unsolved, such as poverty, education… Human Right Watch accused B for abuses. The vice president admitted that and said B still needs time to make the change.
5. 2’35
USPS is losing money, and it will suffer larger loss if the Congress doesn’t make change to its business model. Costs are increasing; most of USPS’s money was spent on Health care. USPS wants the Congress to… and wants the Treasury Department to…

越障: 11’32
First two examples that seem to illustrate that today’s America has a narrowing gap between the rich and the poor, but actually, the gap has actually widened.
The United States is not the only country facing with the widen gap of inequality, other countries such as Canada, China are facing with the same problem.
The top 1% people accumulated more wealth compared to the past.
The Gini coefficient is used to measure inequality. 1 represents the most serious situation.
However, the world as a whole does not become more unequal, as poor countries are catching up with rich ones.
The pattern has changed from the up-side-down U to N.
Governments are dealing with this issue. Actions include raising tax rate for the very rich.
The widening gap of inequality can be harmful to countries’ economy.
发表于 2012-11-1 22:07:47 | 显示全部楼层
Thx a lot!
Part I
1'54
2'05
2'12
2'04
2'11
Part II
10'

1, List 2 examples to show different era of America saw the phenomenon of inequality.
2, USA is not the only country that meet this problem.
3, Actually, the whole world has become more fair than before. It is the richer countries developed more quickly than the poorer.
4, Before the finance crisis, the president do not put the inequality on the top of governance list.
5, Because of the crisis, the presidents of many countries think highly of this issue.
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