南丁格尔那篇（OG补充的第一篇）第78题

ahtclf

Two recent publications offer different assessment of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale’s heroic reputation. According to Summers, Nightingale’s importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated: not until near the war’s end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale’s place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.
By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale’s letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations. They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ training hospital in London. Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was formidable: as recently as 1947 the British Army’s medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860’s.
I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale’s brilliance and creativity. When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator. Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers. In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.




Which of the following is an assumption underlying the author’s assessment of Nightingale’s creativity?
(A) Educational philosophy in Nightingale’s day did not normally emphasize developing children’s ability to observe.
(B) Nightingale was the first to notice the poor living conditions in British military barracks in peacetime.
(C) No educator before Nightingale had thought to enlist the help of village shcoolmasters in introducing new teaching techniques.
(D) Until Nightingale began her work, there was no concept of organized help for the needy in nineteenth-century Britain.
(E) The British Army’s medical services had no cost-accounting system until Nightingale devised one in the 1860’s.
答案是A  我看了mumuwa的解释   “本题注意细节的排除，坚决按照原文信息！原文未出现的信息坚决不能选！尤其注意极端词汇！（以上选项中划线部分都是排除的依据） ”
我的疑问是：既然题目问的是assumption underlying   下面的选项就不一定要符合原文的细节啊？？？？比如我可以认为The British Army’s medical services had no cost-accounting system until Nightingale devised one in the 1860’s. 这个选项和原文没冲突，也underlying Nightingale’s creativity   请教

ahtclf

顶起

ahtclf

help

smilingeye

assumption的意思是说，作者在由premise 推出conclusion 的时候，take for granted 的假设前提。故还是要回到原文逻辑链中寻找。

LZ的理解，不是assumption，更像是support。比如“if the following is true, than it will support the author's conclusion"

个人理解，供讨论~~
-----------------------------------
conclusion:
creativity

premise 之一:
When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator.

问assumption?
这里是作者由premise导出conclusion时候没有明确挑明，但显然认为这种方法不是当时的普遍方法。

ahtclf

assumption的意思是说，作者在由premise 推出conclusion 的时候，take for granted 的假设前提。故还是要回到原文逻辑链中寻找。

LZ的理解，不是assumption，更像是support。比如“if the following is true, than it will support the author's conclusion"

个人理解，供讨论~~
-----------------------------------
conclusion:
creativity

premise 之一:
When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator.

问assumption?
这里是作者由premise导出conclusion时候没有明确挑明，但显然认为这种方法不是当时的普遍方法。

-- by 会员 smilingeye (2011/9/16 15:42:01)

谢谢