最后一次机会，30天计划，背水一战！冲！！！

GTpower

Regina returned the dress to the store, (which was torn at one of the seams.)
解析：定语从句就近指代store，但是该从句应该修饰的是dress。
该句子应该改为：
Regina returned the dress , which was torn at one of the seams, to the store.

饭饭的问题
（1）是如果dress变成复数dresses，which从句谓语变成were，是否原句就应该是对的了？
（2）进一步问，是不是只要是通过从句谓语判断木有歧义，定语从句跳跃介词结构都可以呢？会不会有一些固定搭配天生不能被跳跃~~

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/2/19 20:25:13)

答案是比较选项比出来的，没有那么多语法规定，GWD这么教的。
我知道的which可以直接修饰逗号前名词，也可以跳过介宾修饰前面。

泾渭不凡

这是饭饭姑娘的。。。

-- by 会员 GTpower (2012/2/19 23:08:09)

[/quote]额··好吧~~我还以为Suri也在这里发进程了呢~~

-- by 会员 h14zpsn (2012/2/19 23:12:07)

[/quote]
~~~~~~>0<~~~~~~....................好吧~可以理解~苏里她木有引用素复制滴。。所以~~好吧。。
一切都在不言中，此处省略几百字...........................T0T...........................

泾渭不凡

MJ？
洗洗睡啦，各位注意身体啊

-- by 会员 linuszhong (2012/2/19 23:12:38)

MJ是什么意思哇？？
啊~~晚安啊~！

泾渭不凡

Regina returned the dress to the store, (which was torn at one of the seams.)
解析：定语从句就近指代store，但是该从句应该修饰的是dress。
该句子应该改为：
Regina returned the dress , which was torn at one of the seams, to the store.

饭饭的问题
（1）是如果dress变成复数dresses，which从句谓语变成were，是否原句就应该是对的了？
（2）进一步问，是不是只要是通过从句谓语判断木有歧义，定语从句跳跃介词结构都可以呢？会不会有一些固定搭配天生不能被跳跃~~

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/2/19 20:25:13)

答案是比较选项比出来的，没有那么多语法规定，GWD这么教的。
我知道的which可以直接修饰逗号前名词，也可以跳过介宾修饰前面。

-- by 会员 GTpower (2012/2/19 23:15:27)

嗯~~谢谢GT哈~~GWD~~~想起来都头痛啊~~~这个问题一直木有人理。。。。。sigh。。。。

linuszhong

MJ？
洗洗睡啦，各位注意身体啊

-- by 会员 linuszhong (2012/2/19 23:12:38)

MJ是什么意思哇？？
啊~~晚安啊~！

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/2/19 23:19:15)

马甲，小号

Suri在奋斗

饭饭，我刚搜到的which的指代总结
which指代的三种情况：

1、 紧邻修饰

一般情况下，“名词，which”中的which是就近修饰紧邻的名词的。这种例子多的不胜枚举。
一般例子就不用举了，只举个比较特别例子“A of B, which”（注：这里的of表示从属关系）

The commission proposed that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be obtained through a local bond issue.

Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladitorial games, and spectacles.

In laboratory rats, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to block production of thromboxane, a substance that promotes blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere with the production of prostacyclin, which prevents clotting.

The survival of coral colonies, which are composed of innumerable tiny polyps living in a symbiotic relationship with brilliantly colored algae, is being threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants such as agricultural runoff, oil slicks, and trash, but also by dropped anchors, probing divers, and global warming.

In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.

这些例子都能说明从属关系“A of B，which”中的which就近修饰紧邻的名词。

2、 跳跃修饰

在前有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which跳跃修饰前面的核心词，不能修饰紧邻的名词。
下面是几个例子：

From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoeabout twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids
这句话的which离其所应该修饰的核心词canoe很远，中间隔了一个插入语，还隔了个介词结构about…，但只要知道核心词是canoe就能一目了然找到which应该指的是什么。这里不能修饰紧邻的名词cedar。

Emily Dickinson's lettersto Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词Susan Huntington Dickinson，必须跳过介词结构to…，修饰核心词letter。

Unlike most other mergersin the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词utility industry，必须跳过介词结构in…，修饰核心词merger。

In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Actof 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
这里的which不能修饰紧邻的1698，必须跳过介词结构of 1968修饰前面的核心词act。

有人这里会说这不是A of B，which吗？which应该紧邻修饰啊？其实不然，因为of 1968和前面的那些A of B实际上用法不一样，这里是表示时间而不是“从属关系”。这个时间应该归在介词结构一类，所以要跳过。

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词emission，必须跳过分词修饰结构called …，修饰核心词technique。

归纳一下，会发现which之所以要跳过介词结构是因为：其原本应该紧邻所修饰的核心名词，但是因为which的内容太长，而介词、分词等修饰结构又很短，所以把which结构后置了。

3、 特别情况 A and B, which

这个which到底修饰谁呢？是A？是B？还是A and B？
我觉得这里正确修饰方法的原则只有一个：没有歧义。

如果A and B中的B为复数（Bs），which后面动词也是复数，which指代会有歧义，让人不知道which到底指的是什么。
As and Bs, which are (which指Bs? 或 which指As and Bs？)
A and Bs, which are (which指Bs？或 which指A and Bs？)

下面情况没有歧义：
如果A和B都是单数，which后面动词复数，没有歧义，which修饰A and B。
如果B是单数（不管A是单数还是复数），which后面动词也是单数，没有歧义，which修饰B。
如果B是复数（不管A是单数还是复数）则必须要用which together，没有歧义，这时which修饰A and Bs。

举两个例子：
The human nervous system bears a superficial resemblance to a telephone system both because the former carries information in the form of electrical impulses and because all of its neural pathways converge in the brain and spinal cord, which together form a kind of central exchange.

Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.

其实which的指代问题肯定不会只有这些，而且最准确判断which指代的方法是通过句子的逻辑意思，但是在实战中有个别GMAT题目的很难判断本意，所以准备写大方向性的小结还是必要的。

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-441459-1-1.html?SearchText=which指代


饭饭，要是meaning正确木有歧义的话，我觉得可以的咯~~~

泾渭不凡

MJ？
洗洗睡啦，各位注意身体啊

-- by 会员 linuszhong (2012/2/19 23:12:38)

MJ是什么意思哇？？
啊~~晚安啊~！

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/2/19 23:19:15)

马甲，小号

-- by 会员 linuszhong (2012/2/19 23:39:20)

。。。。不是。。。suri亲素另外一个姑凉。。。。。

Suri在奋斗

还有manhattan最后的讲的关于指代跳跃的问题，我也粘过来

11.Modifiers: Exceptions to the Touch Rule
(1) A "mission-critical" modifier falls between. This modifier is often an Of phrase that
defines the noun. The less important modifier refers to the noun plus the first modifier
Right: He had a way OF DODGING OPPONENTS that impressed the scouts.
Wrong: He had a way that impressed the scouts OF DODGING OPPONENTS
Best: His way OF DODGING OPPONENTS impressed the scouts.

Other examples include parts of a whole.
Right: An ice sheet covers 80 percent OF THE SURFACEOF GREENLAND. an
area roughly the size of Alaska.
The modifier an area roughly the size of Alaska modifies not the noun Greenland, but rather
the whole phrase 80 percent of the surface of Greenland The "mission-critical" modifier of the
surface of Greenland is required next to 80 percent in order to define that percentage.

2) A very short predicate falls between, shifting a very long modifier back.
Right: A new CEO has been hired who will transform the company by decentralizing authority to various division heads while increasing their
accountability through the use of public scorecards.
The alternative construction is confusing, because the modifier is extremely lengthy:
Awkward: A new CEO who will transform the company by decentralizing authority to various division heads while increasing their accountability
through the use of public scorecards has been hired.


3) A short non-essential phrase intervenes and is set off by commas.
Right: Our system of Presidential elections favors states, such as Delaware,
that by population are over-represented in the Electoral College.

4) The modifier is part of a series of parallel modifiers, one of which touches the noun.
Right: In heraldry, the term "tincture" refers to a color emblazoned on a coat
of arms and labeled with a special French word.

Do not move a noun modifier away from its noun unless you can classify the situation as one of these rare exceptions

泾渭不凡

饭饭，我刚搜到的which的指代总结
which指代的三种情况：

2、 跳跃修饰

在前有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which跳跃修饰前面的核心词，不能修饰紧邻的名词。
下面是几个例子：

From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoeabout twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids
这句话的which离其所应该修饰的核心词canoe很远，中间隔了一个插入语，还隔了个介词结构about…，但只要知道核心词是canoe就能一目了然找到which应该指的是什么。这里不能修饰紧邻的名词cedar。

Emily Dickinson's lettersto Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词Susan Huntington Dickinson，必须跳过介词结构to…，修饰核心词letter。

Unlike most other mergersin the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词utility industry，必须跳过介词结构in…，修饰核心词merger。

In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Actof 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
这里的which不能修饰紧邻的1698，必须跳过介词结构of 1968修饰前面的核心词act。

有人这里会说这不是A of B，which吗？which应该紧邻修饰啊？其实不然，因为of 1968和前面的那些A of B实际上用法不一样，这里是表示时间而不是“从属关系”。这个时间应该归在介词结构一类，所以要跳过。

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词emission，必须跳过分词修饰结构called …，修饰核心词technique。

归纳一下，会发现which之所以要跳过介词结构是因为：其原本应该紧邻所修饰的核心名词，但是因为which的内容太长，而介词、分词等修饰结构又很短，所以把which结构后置了。

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-441459-1-1.html?SearchText=which指代


饭饭，要是meaning正确木有歧义的话，我觉得可以的咯~~~

-- by 会员 Suri在奋斗 (2012/2/19 23:47:49)

哎呀~~~谢谢suri啊~~~话说这个总结好全的说~~~饭饭刚刚着重阅读了引用的这部分~~剩下的明天好好再看~~~饭饭现在晕@-@~~~~~
刚刚饭饭也搜了几个关于which的讨论贴纸们~~这里放上来哈~~明天再细看总结~~：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-31523-1-1.html
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-53201-1-1.html
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-50035-1-1.html
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-575584-1-1.html
第四个有贴纸4楼开始有aeo斑斑点评。。
另外三个贴纸喽太高了。。。@-@。。。。饭饭要睡去了。。。。明天再汇总总结哈。。
再次谢谢Suri哈~

泾渭不凡

还有manhattan最后的讲的关于指代跳跃的问题，我也粘过来

11.Modifiers: Exceptions to the Touch Rule
(1) A "mission-critical" modifier falls between. This modifier is often an Of phrase that
defines the noun. The less important modifier refers to the noun plus the first modifier
Right: He had a way OF DODGING OPPONENTS that impressed the scouts.
Wrong: He had a way that impressed the scouts OF DODGING OPPONENTS
Best: His way OF DODGING OPPONENTS impressed the scouts.

Other examples include parts of a whole.
Right: An ice sheet covers 80 percent OF THE SURFACEOF GREENLAND. an
area roughly the size of Alaska.
The modifier an area roughly the size of Alaska modifies not the noun Greenland, but rather
the whole phrase 80 percent of the surface of Greenland The "mission-critical" modifier of the
surface of Greenland is required next to 80 percent in order to define that percentage.

2) A very short predicate falls between, shifting a very long modifier back.
Right: A new CEO has been hired who will transform the company by decentralizing authority to various division heads while increasing their
accountability through the use of public scorecards.
The alternative construction is confusing, because the modifier is extremely lengthy:
Awkward: A new CEO who will transform the company by decentralizing authority to various division heads while increasing their accountability
through the use of public scorecards has been hired.


3) A short non-essential phrase intervenes and is set off by commas.
Right: Our system of Presidential elections favors states, such as Delaware,
that by population are over-represented in the Electoral College.

4) The modifier is part of a series of parallel modifiers, one of which touches the noun.
Right: In heraldry, the term "tincture" refers to a color emblazoned on a coat
of arms and labeled with a special French word.

Do not move a noun modifier away from its noun unless you can classify the situation as one of these rare exceptions

-- by 会员 Suri在奋斗 (2012/2/19 23:56:07)

呀~~~谢谢suri哈~~~~suri把manhattan弄的好熟哈~~~饭饭也要加油manhattan啊~~
看来这个例外跳跃情况是要总结啦~~~明天的任务吧~~~