【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-7】

qiuhua01234567

2. Jane:  rofessor Harper’s ideas for modifying the

design of guitars are of no value because there

is no general agreement among musicians as to

what a guitar should sound like and,

consequently, no widely accepted basis for

evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound.

Mark:  What’s more, Harper’s ideas have had enough

time to be adopted if they really resulted in

superior sound. It took only ten years for the

Torres design for guitars to be almost

universally adopted because of the

improvement it makes in tonal quality.

Which one of the following most accurately

describes the relationship between Jane’s argument

and Mark’s argument?

(A) Mark’s argument shows how a weakness in

Jane’s argument can be overcome.

(B) Mark’s argument has a premise in common

with Jane’s argument.

(C) Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue

for different conclusions.

(D) Mark’s argument restates Jane’s argument in

other terms.

(E) Mark’s argument and Jane’s argument are

based on conflicting suppositions.

qiuhua01234567

117.    (30804-!-item-!-188;#058&005538)    (GWD 3-Q32)

Newspaper editorial:
In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher.  art of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses.  However, this action is clearly counter to the governor's ultimate goal, since after being released from prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
B. Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the general population.
C. The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.
D. Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate's subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does.
E. The governor's ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people that something effective is being done about crime.

118.    (30900-!-item-!-188;#058&005643)    (GWD 18-Q30)

The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease.  The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil.  This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread.  Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
A. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.
B. Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.
C. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.
D. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which could have contained tetracycline.
E. Typhus is generally fatal.

119.    (28734-!-item-!-188;#058&003375)    (GWD 17-Q30)

In a study conducted in Pennsylvania, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers.  Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message.  Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
A. The “Thank you” messages would have the same impact on regular patrons of a restaurant as they would on occasional patrons of the same restaurant.
B. Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits.
C. The written “Thank you” reminds restaurant patrons that tips constitute a significant part of the income of many food servers.
D. The rate at which people tip food servers in Pennsylvania does not vary with how expensive a restaurant is.
E. Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have.

120.    (32170-!-item-!-188;#058&006359)    (GWD 8-Q40)

From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent.  During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent.
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
A. United States manufacturers of tobacco products had higher profits in 1976 than in 1973.
B. Per capita consumption of cigarettes in the United States was lower in 1976 than in 1973.
C. The proportion of nonsmokers in the United States population dropped slightly between 1973 and 1976.
D. United States manufacturers of tobacco products realize a lower profit on cigarettes than on chewing tobacco.
E. A large percentage of United States smokers switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.

qiuhua01234567

This is one of the greatest LSAT Method of Reasoning questions of all time.
First take a close look at the statements made by Jane and Mark.
Jane’s position:  Jane concludes that Professor Harper’s ideas are valueless
because there is no way to evaluate a guitar sound and determine what
constitutes a better-sounding guitar.
Mark’s position: Mark also agrees that Professor Harper’s ideas are
valueless, but Mark’s reasoning is that if Harper’s ideas really worked,
then they would have been adopted by now. In making this analysis,
Mark reveals that he believes there is a way to determine that one guitar
sounds better than another.
Like all LSAT questions, you must lock down the exact nature of the premises
and conclusions! Mark’s initial comment of “What’s more” leads most people to
believe he is in complete agreement with Jane. Yes, he agrees with her
conclusion, but his reason for doing so is completely contrary to Jane’s reason.
Mark actually misinterprets Jane’s claim, and this is why he says “What’s
more,” as if he is adding an additional piece of information that supports her
position. He is not; the premise that he uses contradicts Jane’s premises. If you
simply accept “What’s more” to mean that he is in complete agreement with
Jane, you will most certainly miss the question, and have no idea you have done
so.
The problem becomes even more challenging because the answer choices are
brilliantly constructed:
Answer choice (A): Mark does not address a weakness in Jane’s argument or
show how one could be overcome. Do not mistake the use of “What’s more” to
automatically mean that he is adding something helpful to the situation.
Answer choice (B): This is an answer chosen by many people, and it has Shell
game aspects. Mark’s argument does not have a premise in common with Jane’s
argument; rather, Mark’s argument has the conclusion in common with Jane’s
argument.
Before you select this answer, use the Fact Test and ask yourself, “Which
premise do the two arguments have in common?” You won’t be able to find
one, and that would instantly disprove the answer.
Answer choice (C): This is a very clever Reverse Answer choice. The answer
states:
“Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue for different
conclusions.”In fact, the following happens in the stimulus:
“Mark and Jane use different techniques to argue for similar
conclusions.”
If you had any doubt that the makers of the LSAT put the same amount of work
into the wrong answers as the correct answers, this answer choice should be
convince you that they do.
Answer choice (D): An argument is the sum of the premises and conclusion.
Although Mark restates Jane’s conclusion, he does not restate her premises.
Therefore, he does not restate her argument and this answer is incorrect.
Answer choice (E): This is the correct answer. As discussed in the argument
analysis, Jane believes that there is no way to evaluate the merit of a guitar’s
sounds. On the opposite side, Mark’s response indicates he believes that there is
a way to evaluate the merit of a guitar’s sound (“because of the
improvement it makes in tonal quality”) and thus the two have conflicting
positions.
This is another great example of a separator question: one that scorers in a
certain range will get and scorers in a lower range will not get. This is also a
dangerous question because many people think they have chosen the correct
answer when in fact they have missed it. The lesson here is that you must be an
active, prepared reader. Do not allow yourself to be lulled by Mark’s comment
of “What’s more” into believing that he automatically is in agreement with Jane.
The test makers use that phrase to see if you will read closely enough to discern
his real argument or if you will simply gloss over his comments on the basis of
how they are introduced. The LSAT always makes you pay if you gloss over
any section of a stimulus.

qiuhua01234567

PREP:CBBB

qiuhua01234567

昨天的补上。哎，要考试的伤不起啊。。。话说我不是变白了么？怎么又出来了选项。。

wuye1990

【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-7】

2. Jane:  rofessor Harper’s ideas for modifying the

design of guitars are of no value because there

is no general agreement among musicians as to

what a guitar should sound like and,

consequently, no widely accepted basis for

evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound.

Mark:  What’s more, Harper’s ideas have had enough

time to be adopted if they really resulted in

superior sound. It took only ten years for the

Torres design for guitars to be almost

universally adopted because of the

improvement it makes in tonal quality.

Which one of the following most accurately

describes the relationship between Jane’s argument

and Mark’s argument?

(A) Mark’s argument shows how a weakness in

Jane’s argument can be overcome.

(B) Mark’s argument has a premise in common

with Jane’s argument.

(C) Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue

for different conclusions.

(D) Mark’s argument restates Jane’s argument in

other terms.

(E) Mark’s argument and Jane’s argument are

based on conflicting suppositions.

117.    (30804-!-item-!-188;#058&005538)    (GWD 3-Q32)

Newspaper editorial:
In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher.  art of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses.  However, this action is clearly counter to the governor's ultimate goal, since after being released from prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
B. Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the general population.
C. The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.
D. Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate's subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does.
E. The governor's ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people that something effective is being done about crime.

118.    (30900-!-item-!-188;#058&005643)    (GWD 18-Q30)

The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease.  The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil.  This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread.  Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
A. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.
B. Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.
C. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.
D. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which could have contained tetracycline.
E. Typhus is generally fatal.

119.    (28734-!-item-!-188;#058&003375)    (GWD 17-Q30)

In a study conducted in Pennsylvania, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers.  Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message.  Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania
regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
A. The “Thank you” messages would have the same impact on regular patrons of a restaurant as they would on occasional patrons of the same restaurant.
B. Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits.
C. The written “Thank you” reminds restaurant patrons that tips constitute a significant part of the income of many food servers.
D. The rate at which people tip food servers in Pennsylvania does not vary with how expensive a restaurant is.
E. Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have.

120.    (32170-!-item-!-188;#058&006359)    (GWD 8-Q40)

From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent.  During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent.
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
A. United States manufacturers of tobacco products had higher profits in 1976 than in 1973.
B. Per capita consumption of cigarettes in the United States was lower in 1976 than in 1973.
C. The proportion of nonsmokers in the United States population dropped slightly between 1973 and 1976.
D. United States manufacturers of tobacco products realize a lower profit on cigarettes than on chewing tobacco.
E. A large percentage of United States smokers switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.


This is one of the greatest LSAT Method of Reasoning questions of all time.
First take a close look at the statements made by Jane and Mark.
Jane’s position:  Jane concludes that Professor Harper’s ideas are valueless
because there is no way to evaluate a guitar sound and determine what
constitutes a better-sounding guitar.
Mark’s position: Mark also agrees that Professor Harper’s ideas are
valueless, but Mark’s reasoning is that if Harper’s ideas really worked,
then they would have been adopted by now. In making this analysis,
Mark reveals that he believes there is a way to determine that one guitar
sounds better than another.
Like all LSAT questions, you must lock down the exact nature of the premises
and conclusions! Mark’s initial comment of “What’s more” leads most people to
believe he is in complete agreement with Jane. Yes, he agrees with her
conclusion, but his reason for doing so is completely contrary to Jane’s reason.
Mark actually misinterprets Jane’s claim, and this is why he says “What’s
more,” as if he is adding an additional piece of information that supports her
position. He is not; the premise that he uses contradicts Jane’s premises. If you
simply accept “What’s more” to mean that he is in complete agreement with
Jane, you will most certainly miss the question, and have no idea you have done
so.
The problem becomes even more challenging because the answer choices are
brilliantly constructed:
Answer choice (A): Mark does not address a weakness in Jane’s argument or
show how one could be overcome. Do not mistake the use of “What’s more” to
automatically mean that he is adding something helpful to the situation.
Answer choice (B): This is an answer chosen by many people, and it has Shell
game aspects. Mark’s argument does not have a premise in common with Jane’s
argument; rather, Mark’s argument has the conclusion in common with Jane’s
argument.
Before you select this answer, use the Fact Test and ask yourself, “Which
premise do the two arguments have in common?” You won’t be able to find
one, and that would instantly disprove the answer.
Answer choice (C): This is a very clever Reverse Answer choice. The answer
states:
“Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue for different
conclusions.”In fact, the following happens in the stimulus:
“Mark and Jane use different techniques to argue for similar
conclusions.”
If you had any doubt that the makers of the LSAT put the same amount of work
into the wrong answers as the correct answers, this answer choice should be
convince you that they do.
Answer choice (D): An argument is the sum of the premises and conclusion.
Although Mark restates Jane’s conclusion, he does not restate her premises.
Therefore, he does not restate her argument and this answer is incorrect.
Answer choice (E): This is the correct answer. As discussed in the argument
analysis, Jane believes that there is no way to evaluate the merit of a guitar’s
sounds. On the opposite side, Mark’s response indicates he believes that there is
a way to evaluate the merit of a guitar’s sound (“because of the
improvement it makes in tonal quality”) and thus the two have conflicting
positions.
This is another great example of a separator question: one that scorers in a
certain range will get and scorers in a lower range will not get. This is also a
dangerous question because many people think they have chosen the correct
answer when in fact they have missed it. The lesson here is that you must be an
active, prepared reader. Do not allow yourself to be lulled by Mark’s comment
of “What’s more” into believing that he automatically is in agreement with Jane.
The test makers use that phrase to see if you will read closely enough to discern
his real argument or if you will simply gloss over his comments on the basis of
how they are introduced. The LSAT always makes you pay if you gloss over
any section of a stimulus.

PREP:CBBB

rosenbutter

啊啊啊啊啊！我一不小心以为都是题目就把精练题的解析给看了==
逻辑链题
117 不让罪犯学习course，对他们苛刻，以降低crime rate PRE：学习了course的罪犯的犯罪率比学习了的低很多 CON：这项政策与预期结果相悖。
A削弱 B比较对象不同C正解，说明course作用D 无关E削弱
118 N人没有ty在遗骸里面，但是有它的抗体，产生这种抗体的bacterium能从N人的食物中得到 PRE：diet中的食物能产生抗体te CON:是食物中的te造成T病很少
A无关B正解，否则抗体无用C无帮助D无关E无关
119PRE：谢了thx的人得的小费平均比没写的人多  CON：写thx可以多得小费
A比较无意义B正解 否定了一种可能削弱C无关D无关E极端
120 计算问题 就不写了 请指教！
逻辑是我的痛啊....雅思考得不怎么样就再考一次G了

isa0709

2. Jane: Professor Harper’s ideas for modifying the design of guitars are of no value because there is no general agreement among musicians as to what a guitar should sound like and, consequently, no widely accepted basis for evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound. Mark: What’s more, Harper’s ideas have had enough time to be adopted if they really resulted in superior sound. It took only ten years for the Torres design for guitars to be almost universally adopted because of the improvement it makes in tonal quality. Which one of the following most accurately describes the relationship between Jane’s argument and Mark’s argument?
1) 计时：62s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：
Premise 1:
There is no general agreement among musicians as to what a guitar should sound like and, consequently, no widely accepted basis for evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound.
Conclusion:
Professor Harper’s ideas for modifying the design of guitars are of no value.
Premise 2:
It took only ten years for the Torres design for guitars to be almost universally adopted because of the improvement it makes in tonal quality.
Conclusion2:
Harper’s ideas have had enough time to be adopted if they really resulted in superior sound
简化模式：
Jane: There is no general agreement on what a guitar should sound like and the merits of a guitar’s sound. Thus, no need for modify the design of a guitar.
Mark: T design only took ten years to make tonal quality, H’s idea would have enough time to be adopted to be better quality.

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Mark support Jane.
4) 选项分析：

117. (30804-!-item-!-188;#058&005538) (GWD 3-Q32)

Newspaper editorial:
In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher. Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses. However, this action is clearly counter to the governor's ultimate goal, since after being released from prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
B. Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the general population.
C. The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.
D. Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate's subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does.
E. The governor's ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people that something effective is being done about crime.
1) 计时：33s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：
Premise 1:
since after being released from prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.
Conclusion:
Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses failed.
简化模式：
after being release, inmates committed fewer crimes than other inmates.
3) 推测
no other reason lead to inmates committed fewer crimes other than the factors related to college-level courses
4) 选项分析：
C

118. (30900-!-item-!-188;#058&005643) (GWD 18-Q30)

The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
A. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.
B. Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.
C. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.
D. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which could have contained tetracycline.
E. Typhus is generally fatal.
1) 计时：57s
2) 逻辑链
Premise 1:
few of Nubian’s skeletons show the usual evidence of disease typhus.
Conclusion:
Tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.
3) 推测
no other reason lead to Nubian to resist typhus.
4) 选项分析： B
A  Infectious diseases other than typhus 无关
B  取非，结论不成立。
C  即使Typhus can be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.有了Tetracycline，Nubian一样可以low incidence.
D  Bread and beer即使不是唯一的食物含有Tetracycline，也不影响结论的成立，与结论无关，却是迷惑选项。
E  无关。


119. (28734-!-item-!-188;#058&003375) (GWD 17-Q30)

In a study conducted in Pennsylvania, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers. Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
A. The “Thank you” messages would have the same impact on regular patrons of a restaurant as they would on occasional patrons of the same restaurant.
B. Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits.
C. The written “Thank you” reminds restaurant patrons that tips constitute a significant part of the income of many food servers.
D. The rate at which people tip food servers in Pennsylvania does not vary with how expensive a restaurant is.
E. Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have.
1) 计时：27s
2) 逻辑链
Premise 1:
写有thank you的帐单会得到多3%的小费。
Conclusion:
只要写thank you,就会多小费。
3) 推测
没有其它原因导致小费增多，或者没有其它原因影响thank you导致小费增多的延续。
4) 选项分析：1.05  B
A  Infectious diseases other than typhus 无关
B  取非，结论不成立。
C  即使Typhus can be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.有了Tetracycline，Nubian一样可以low incidence.
D  Bread and beer即使不是唯一的食物含有Tetracycline，也不影响结论的成立，与结论无关，却是迷惑选项。
E  无关。

120. (32170-!-item-!-188;#058&006359) (GWD 8-Q40)

From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent. During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent.
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
A. United States manufacturers of tobacco products had higher profits in 1976 than in 1973.
B. Per capita consumption of cigarettes in the United States was lower in 1976 than in 1973.
C. The proportion of nonsmokers in the United States population dropped slightly between 1973 and 1976.
D. United States manufacturers of tobacco products realize a lower profit on cigarettes than on chewing tobacco.
E. A large percentage of United States smokers switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.
1) 计时：17s
2) 逻辑链
FACT 1:
consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent
FACT 2：
total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent
FACT 3：
total United States population increased 5.0 percent
3) 推测
per capital consumption of cigarettes decrease
per capital consumption of chewing tobacco increase
4) 选项分析：0.31 B

isa0709

请问答案是什么，版主？

penguinsdz

6.05+【3-7】

1. Jane: Professor Harper’s ideas for modifying the design of guitars are of no value because there is no general agreement among musicians as to what a guitar should sound like and, consequently, no widely accepted basis for evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound. Mark: What’s more, Harper’s ideas have had enough time to be adopted if they really resulted in superior sound. It took only ten years for the Torres design for guitars to be almost universally adopted because of the improvement it makes in tonal quality.
Which one of the following most accurately describes the relationship between Jane’s argument and Mark’s argument?
Background Information:
Professor Harper’s idea for modifying the design of guitars
Premise:
Jane thinks that there is no general agreement that what a guitar should sound like and no basis for evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound. Mark thinks that the ideas took only ten years to be universally adopted.
Conclusion:
Jane thinks that the ideas for modifying the design of guitars are of no value. Mark thinks that the ideas have had enough time to be adopted if they really resulted in superior sound.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Mark supports Jane’s idea.

选项分析：选D

117. Newspaper editorial:
In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher. Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses. However, this action is clearly counter to the governor's ultimate goal, since after being released from prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Background Information:
In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher.
Premise:
Part of the effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses. However, this action is counter to the governor’s goal.

Conclusion:
The inmates who had taken the college-level courses committed far fewer crimes than other inmates.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：

No other reasons lead to inmates committed fewer crimes other than the factors related to college-level courses.

选项分析：选C

118. The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
Background Information:
The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs.

Premise:
Few of their skeletons show the evidence of this disease. The bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread.
Conclusion:
Tetracycline in their food explains the low incidence of t among ancient Nubians.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
No other reasons lead to the ancient Nubians to resist the disease t.
选项分析：选B

119. In a study conducted in Pennsylvania, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers. Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
Background Information:
In a study, serves in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers.
Premise:
Tips on the bills with the message were an average of 3% points higher than tips on bills without the message.
Conclusion:
If servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be higher than it would have been.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
No other reasons lead to the patrons to give more tips.
选项分析：选B

120. From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent. During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent.
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
Background Information:
From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4%.

From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of chewing tobacco increased 18.0%.

Total United States population increased 5%.
Conclusion:
Per capita consumption of cigarettes decreased.

Per capita consumption of chewing tobacco increased.
选项分析：选B