【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-15】【OG10】

daisyの小夢想

预告预告：过了系列5我们就会完美升级咯~~！ hopehope快考试了，加油加油~~^^

101. Biological functions of many plants and animals vary in cycles that are repeated every 24 hours. It is
tempting to suppose that alteration in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these daily
biological rhythms. But there is much evidence to contradict this hypothesis.
Which of the following, if known, is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in lines 2-5 above?
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and
the minimum in the morning.
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater
activity at night.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their daily biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to
the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the
nucleus is removed.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis
that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.

102. Although migraine headaches are believed to be caused by food allergies, putting patients on diets that
eliminate those foods to which the patients have been demonstrated to have allergic migraine reactions
frequently does not stop headaches. Obviously, some other cause of migraine headaches besides food allergies
much exist.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion above?
(A) Many common foods elicit an allergic response only after several days, making it very difficult to observe
links between specific foods patients eat and headaches they develop.
(B) Food allergies affect many people who never develop the symptom of migraine headaches.
(C) Many patients report that the foods that cause them migraine headaches are among the foods that they
most enjoy eating.
(D) Very few patients have allergic migraine reactions as children live migraine-free adult lives once they have
eliminated from their diets foods to which they have been demonstrated to be allergic.
(E) Very rarely do food allergies cause patients to suffer a symptom more severe than that of migraine
headaches.

103. The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are
trying to meet. The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
Therefore, innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purpose of
competition in bicycle races.
Which of the following is an assumption made in drawing the conclusion above?
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance
competition bicycles expands.
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations
developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major
manufacturing concerns.
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized
as standard for purposes of competition.
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture
a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about
innovative bicycle design.

104. Spending on research and development by United States businesses for 1984 showed an increase of about
8 percent over the 1983 level. This increase actually continued a downward trend evident since 1981 – when
outlays for research and development increased 16.4 percent over 1980 spending. Clearly, the 25 percent tax
credit enacted by Congress in 1981, which was intended to promote spending on research and development,
did little or nothing to stimulate such spending.
The conclusion of the argument above cannot be true unless which of the following is true?
(A) Business spending on research and development is usually directly proportional to business profits.
(B) Business spending for research and development in 1985 could not increase by more than 8.3%.
(C) Had the 1981 tax credit been set higher than 25%, business spending for research and development after
1981 would have increased more than it did.
(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not
have been substantially lower than it was.
(E) Tax credits market for specific investments are rarely effective in inducing businesses to make those investments.

105. Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease.
Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive
population. Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.
Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion above?
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical
expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment
were instituted on a large scale.
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.

daisyの小夢想

If it is difficult to determine which foods cause migraines, then some foods that cause allergic reactions might not
have been demonstrated to do so. Hence, if choice A is true, eliminating foods that have been demonstrated to
cause migraines might not eliminate migraines, even if food allergies are the only cause of migraines. Choice A
is the best answer.
Neither the fact some food allergies do not result in migraines (choice B), nor the fact that few allergies result in
symptoms more severe than migraines. Choice C suggests that migraine suffers do not naturally avoid the foods
at issue. Choice D reiterates the information that eliminating certain foods does not usually solve the problem.

103.
If racers, the only cyclists interested in innovation, created a strong demand for innovations for purposes other
than official competition, then the conclusion would not follow. Therefore choice C-which asserts that racers
generate no such demand-is assumed and is the best answer.
Since the argument is stated generally in terms of where demand for innovation lies and how manufacturers
respond to demand, no assumption is made about the structure of the market for bicycles themselves (choice A)
nor about which manufactures are most likely to produce innovations (choice B). Choice D presents another
pressure toward technological conservatism, but the pressure is not required by the argument. Finally, the
authorities may keep a close eye on innovation (choice E) without the argument being affected.

104.
The conclusion that the tax credit did nothing to stimulate spending on research and development would not be
true if, without the credit, such spending would have been even lower than it actually was. Thus choice D must
be true for the conclusion to be true and is the best answer.
Since a tax credit generally improves business profits, if the conclusion is true choice A is unlikely to be true. If
the tax credit was ineffective, some other factors must determine the level of spending, and could lead to much
higher levels of spending in 1985 (against choice B), and could render a higher level of tax credit ineffective
(against choice C), but it could be that credits are generally effective (against choice E).

105.
If the results of untreated hypertension cause large economic losses, as choice A claims, then the treatment of
hypertension may well be economically justifiable. Therefore choice A is most damaging to the conclusion and is
the best answer.
Choices B and D tend to support the conclusion; choice B says that making preventive treatment widespread
would not introduce economies of scale, and choice D identifies one aspect of prevention that is both costly and
essential. Choice C undermines a different conclusion-that society should not support treatment for
hypertension-but does not damage the conclusion actually drawn. The fact that different preventive health measures have different economic consequences (choice D) gives no specific information about treatment for
hypertension, and so cannot affect the conclusion drawn.

UlysessHope

daisy~啊
我貌似有些紧张~~~木有复习好~

不过就那样上战场吧~木有啥好怕的

大家都加油啊！

daisyの小夢想

dasiy~啊
我貌似有些紧张~~~木有复习好咧

-- by 会员 UlysessHope (2011/11/9 23:57:46)

紧张是正常的哈。 不过hopehope，我和糊糊都觉得verbal最好不要太依赖JJ，注意pace和相信自己。

fox0923

daisy~啊
我貌似有些紧张~~~木有复习好~

不过就那样上战场吧~木有啥好怕的

大家都加油啊！

-- by 会员 UlysessHope (2011/11/9 23:57:46)

hope的心态是对的，不要怕他，你最大的敌人就是你自己，快考试时都会有紧张情绪，这正常的~
hope加油加油~我们逻辑小分队都站在你这边为你鼓劲！

fox0923

dasiy~啊
我貌似有些紧张~~~木有复习好咧

-- by 会员 UlysessHope (2011/11/9 23:57:46)

紧张是正常的哈。 不过hopehope，我和糊糊都觉得verbal最好不要太依赖JJ，注意pace和相信自己。

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/11/10 0:00:10)

100%赞同daisy的话，verbal JJ害死我了~真的要在考场上相信自己的实力，其他的都是浮云~
daisy，新的系列谁是第一个？从你那边新一轮开始算起吗？

daisyの小夢想

daisy，新的系列谁是第一个？从你那边新一轮开始算起吗？

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/10 0:40:45)

嗯嗯 继续是我啦哈哈 我已经整理好BIBLE笔记了 用来首发作噱头哇呵呵~~

UlysessHope

to daisy & 狐狐姐：好的 淡定迎考~不行就再来一次    当然最好能一战就解放
不过最近好多事情，好烦

balapupu

1.[30S]【前提结论型】
P: biological function of plants and animals repeat every 24 hours-->C :research hypothesis that it is beuacus the light change the circle.
weaken: there is evidence that biological funtion still repeat 24 hours without light change.
A:
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and
the minimum in the morning.[all about the day]
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.[irrelevent with the animal kinds]
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their daily biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to
the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.[support]
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.[irrelevent with the nucleus]
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.[R]

balapupu

2.[29s][前提结论型】
P: M headache is  believedcaused by food alleagy--> when the alleagy food is removed, patients still feel headache.
C:the headahce is caused not by the fool alleagy.
weaken: there are some food that even though does not domensate food alleagy still cause people alleagy.
A:
(A) Many common foods elicit an allergic response only after several days, making it very difficult to observe links between specific foods patients eat and headaches they develop.【R】
(B) Food allergies affect many people who never develop the symptom of migraine headaches.【irrelevent with the experience】
(C) Many patients report that the foods that cause them migraine headaches are among the foods that they
most enjoy eating.【ireelevent with the preference】
(D) Very few patients have allergic migraine reactions as children live migraine-free adult lives once they have
eliminated from their diets foods to which they have been demonstrated to be allergic.【irrelevent with the age】
(E) Very rarely do food allergies cause patients to suffer a symptom more severe than that of migraine headaches.【irrelevent with the symptom degree】

103.做过了104.【43s】【前提结论型】【长时间不做果然有生疏的感觉啊。看不进啊】
P：the spending on the research in 1984 increased 8% than in 1983-->it shows a down trend-->the spending increased 16% in 1981 than in 1980.
C：this show that the tax investment did little to help promote the spending.
must be true: no idea.
A:
(A) Business spending on research and development is usually directly proportional to business profits.[irrelevant with the profits]
(B) Business spending for research and development in 1985 could not increase by more than 8.3%.[irrelevant time]
(C) Had the 1981 tax credit been set higher than 25%, business spending for research and development after
1981 would have increased more than it did.[not mention]
(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not
have been substantially lower than it was.[R]
(E) Tax credits market for specific investments are rarely effective in inducing businesses to make those investments.[repeat the conclusion]


105.【39s】【前提结论型】
P：treatment of P involves the pretreatment of the heart disease and stroke--> people can save money only treat the P-->C:there is no need to treat preventive disease.
weaken:most of the heart disease and stroke will lead to the P.
A:
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical
expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.[R]
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment
were instituted on a large scale.[irrelevant with the cost]
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.[irrelevant with the e consideration]
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.[irrelevant with the diagnose]
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.[irrelevant with the net loss]