【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-10】【OG10】

daisyの小夢想

一起走过了那么多个日日夜夜 感慨。 11月大军加油！！^^
78. A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of
those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate
punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones,
assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done
intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as
relevant to punishment.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?
(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of
human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or
accidentally.
(B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.
(C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.
(D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults
had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.
(E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the
harm done by the agents in the stories.




79. When hypnotized subjects are told that they are deaf and are then asked whether they can
hear the hypnotist, they reply, “No.” Some theorists try to explain this result by arguing that
the selves of hypnotized subjects are dissociated into separate parts, and that the part that
is deaf is dissociated from the part that replies.
Which of the following challenges indicates the most serious weakness in the attempted
explanation described above?
(A) Why does the part that replies not answer, “Yes”?
(B) Why are the observed facts in need of any special explanation?
(C) Why do the subjects appear to accept the hypnotist’s suggestion that they are deaf?
(D) Why do hypnotized subjects all respond the same way in the situation described?
(E) Why are the separate parts of the self the same for all subjects?


Questions 80-81 are based on the following.
The program to control the entry of illegal drugs into the country was a failure in 1987. If the
program had been successful, the wholesale price of most illegal drugs would not have
dropped substantially in 1987.
80. The argument in the passage depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) The supply of illegal drugs dropped substantially in 1987.
(B) The price paid for most illegal drugs by the average consumer did not drop substantially
in 1987.
(C) Domestic production of illegal drugs increased at a higher rate than did the entry of
such drugs into the country.
(D) The wholesale price of a few illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987.
(E) A drop in demand for most illegal drugs in 1987 was not the sole cause of the drop in
their wholesale price.




81. The argument in the passage would be most seriously weakened if it were true that
(A) in 1987 smugglers of illegal drugs, as a group, had significantly more funds at their
disposal than did the country’s customs agents
(B) domestic production of illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987
(C) the author’s statements were made in order to embarrass the officials responsible for
the drug-control program
(D) in 1987 illegal drugs entered the country by a different set of routes than they did in
1986
(E) the country’s citizens spent substantially more money on illegal drugs in 1987 than they
did in 1986.

daisyの小夢想

78.
Choice A, the best answer, indicates that younger children might be unable to tell whether the
harm in the stories was produced intentionally. Thus, even if younger children do regard
people’s intentions as relevant, they might be unable to apply this criterion here. Therefore, A
undermines the conclusion’s support.
Choice B and E support the conclusion by suggesting that another factor-severity of
harm-either possibly (choice B) or actually (choice E) motivated variations in the punishments
assigned by younger children. Neither choice C nor choice D affects the conclusion. The
conclusion concerns what children recognize about others’ behavior, not children’s own
behavior (choice C). The similarity between older children’s and adult’s assignment (choice D)
leaves open the question of why younger children’s assignments differed.


79.
Since the question elicits a reply, the question was presumably heard, but presumably not by
the part that is deaf. The explanation’s obvious weakness, therefore, is that it fails to indicate
why the part that replies would reply as if it were the part that is deaf. Choice A points to this
failure and is the best answer.
Choice B does not challenge the explanation itself, but the need for an explanation in the first
place. Choices C and D raise pertinent questions concerning the facts described, but do not
address the proffered explanation of those facts. Choice E points to a question to which the
attempted explanation gives rises, but does not challenge the adequacy of the explanation.


80.
The only choice that must be true in order to conclude legitimately from the drop in the
wholesale price of illegal drugs that the program was a failure is choice E, the best answer. If
the drop in price was caused by a drop in demand, there is no reason to suspect that there has
been any increase in supply caused by drugs entering the country.
The other choices can be false without affecting the argument. The supply of illegal drugs
need not have dropped (choice A), and the retail price could have dropped (choice B). The
entry of illegal drugs could have risen at a higher rate than domestic production (choice C),
and no illegal drug need have undergone a substantial price rise (choice D).


81.
If domestic production of illegal drugs increased substantially, the overall supply could have
increased (and the price fallen) without more illegal drugs entering the country, and without
any failure of the program. Thus, choice B is the best answer.
None of the other choices weakens the argument. The smugglers’ having more money (choice
A) suggests that they would have resources to evade controls. The author’s intention (choice
C) is irrelevant to whether the reasoning the statements express is cogent. A charge of routes
(choice D) would have increased the chance of the program failing, and an increase in the
amount of money spent (choice E) also provides evidence that the program did fail, given the
low price levels.

fox0923

78--
35s
P: The younger children read the book which involves the punishment caused by harm, etc.
P: The younger children don't category punishment according to their different levels of harm.
C: Therefore, the younger children do not regard people's intentions relevant to their punishment.
W: Other reasons can be brought in.A：C(错了！A）
(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of
human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or
accidentally.
--> what the listeners had to do is irrelevant to the children's realization of people's intention and their punishment.
分析错误！我把listeners和younger children这两个group的人给分开了，如果listeners一定要draw a relatively mature sense of human psychology,那么listeners包括这些younger children就有了可以分辨的能力。属于直接weaken conclusion type。
(B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.
--> the severity is irrelevant.
(C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.
-> This weakens the conclusion by stating that younger and older children are actually the same.
这个选项其实没有起到任何作用，当时因该仔细读A选项在决定！
(D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults
had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.
--> the passage talks about the younger children, not the old ones.
(E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the
harm done by the agents in the stories.
--> This sorts supports the conclusion.

80--
P：The plan of control most illegal drugs in 1987 was failed.
C: The wholesale price of illegal drugs wouldn't be dropped if this plan was successful
A: The plan's success can lead the illegal drugs' price increased.
A: E
(A) The supply of illegal drugs dropped substantially in 1987.
--> the passage doesn't state the supply of drugs.
(B) The price paid for most illegal drugs by the average consumer did not drop substantially
in 1987.
--> the price was dropped in 1987.
(C) Domestic production of illegal drugs increased at a higher rate than did the entry of
such drugs into the country.
--> domestic production of illegal drugs is not mentioned.
(D) The wholesale price of a few illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987.
--> we don't know about this.
(E) A drop in demand for most illegal drugs in 1987 was not the sole cause of the drop in
their wholesale price.
--> filter out other possible factors. YES!


81--
W: The plan's failure is not the main factor to cause the drop of wholesale price.
A: B（这道题目很诡异阿，看不太明白选项）
(A) in 1987 smugglers of illegal drugs, as a group, had significantly more funds at their
disposal than did the country’s customs agents
-> disposal cannot definitely affect the wholesale price.
(B) domestic production of illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987
--> production increased might indicate the drop of price of wholesale drugs.
(C) the author’s statements were made in order to embarrass the officials responsible for
the drug-control program
-> irrelevant.
(D) in 1987 illegal drugs entered the country by a different set of routes than they did in
1986
--> this increases the failure of program.
(E) the country’s citizens spent substantially more money on illegal drugs in 1987 than they  
did in 1986.
--> this means the drugs price was either increased or consumed more drugs.

shelvey

78
t:1'57
p:the younger children assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally.
c:Younger children do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.
pph:没找到缺陷啊，，，直接看选项
a:a
这道题在确定了答案之前还真没看出究竟什么地方不对了，包括最后选的a也只是觉得最像。
看了答案能明白，但有个疑问，明明孩子们的动作是read，答案中就变成listener了呢？孩子read和listen可以等同吗？

79题题目都快背熟了:。。。。。

80
t:43'
p:If the program had been successful, the wholesale price of most illegal drugs would not have dropped substantially in 1987.
c:   The program failed to control the entry of illegal drugs into the country in 1987
pph:又是一道结论前置的题啊。。。。答案可能是说其他原因导致价格下降。
a:e

81
pph:汗，看到这道题题目才发现上一个题做成削弱了。。。。。还是他因
a:b

fox0923

78
t:1'57
p:the younger children assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally.
c:Younger children do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.
pph:没找到缺陷啊，，，直接看选项
a:a
这道题在确定了答案之前还真没看出究竟什么地方不对了，包括最后选的a也只是觉得最像。
看了答案能明白，但有个疑问，明明孩子们的动作是read，答案中就变成listener了呢？孩子read和listen可以等同吗？

79题题目都快背熟了:。。。。。

80
t:43'
p:If the program had been successful, the wholesale price of most illegal drugs would not have dropped substantially in 1987.
c:   The program failed to control the entry of illegal drugs into the country in 1987
pph:又是一道结论前置的题啊。。。。答案可能是说其他原因导致价格下降。
a:e

81
pph:汗，看到这道题题目才发现上一个题做成削弱了。。。。。还是他因
a:b

-- by 会员 shelvey (2011/11/5 4:16:08)

同感，觉得OG10的很诡异！

balapupu

补作业：
78.【31s】【前提结论型】
P:Various age children watch violent movie that people in it do some harm intentionally or unintentionally.--->younger children unlike the older children that think the punishment to those people are the same.
C: the younger children think that the punishment and the intention is irrelevant.
weaken: longer children can not distinguish which manner is intentionally or accidentally.
A:
(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of
human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or
accidentally. 【support】【错了，没理解选项的意思，想法是正确的】
(B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated. 【irrelevant】
(C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children. 【irrelevant】
(D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults
had assigned punishment in a similar experiment. 【irrelevant】
(E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the
harm done by the agents in the stories. 【R】【和攻击结论无关】

79.【30s】【前提结论型】
P：People who were told that they are deaf are said "No" when they were asked whether they can hear.
C: the deaf part is disassociate with the reply part.
weaken: why not reply" yes"
A:
(A) Why does the part that replies not answer, “Yes”? 【R】
(B) Why are the observed facts in need of any special explanation? 【no weaken】
(C) Why do the subjects appear to accept the hypnotist’s suggestion that they are deaf? 【irrelevant】
(D) Why do hypnotized subjects all respond the same way in the situation described? 【irrelevant】
(E) Why are the separate parts of the self the same for all subjects? 【irrelevant】


80.【12s】【因果结论型】
C:The plan that control the illegal import drug is failed-->: the price of the drug is drop in 1987.
assumption: there are no other reasons: such as the cost is drop or the labor cost is drop that decease the price.【reject Other reason】
A:
(A) The supply of illegal drugs dropped substantially in 1987. 【not necessary】
(B) The price paid for most illegal drugs by the average consumer did not drop substantially
in 1987. 【irrelevant】
(C) Domestic production of illegal drugs increased at a higher rate than did the entry of
such drugs into the country. 【other reason】
(D) The wholesale price of a few illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987. 【other reason】
(E) A drop in demand for most illegal drugs in 1987 was not the sole cause of the drop in
their wholesale price. 【R】


81.weaken: provides other reason
A:
(A) in 1987 smugglers of illegal drugs, as a group, had significantly more funds at their
disposal than did the country’s customs agents 【support】
(B) domestic production of illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987 【R】
(C) the author’s statements were made in order to embarrass the officials responsible for
the drug-control program 【irrelevant】
(D) in 1987 illegal drugs entered the country by a different set of routes than they did in
1986 【support】
(E) the country’s citizens spent substantially more money on illegal drugs in 1987 than they
did in 1986.【support】