【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-2】【OG10】

bananazoo

我回来了~
过几天开始和大家一起战G~
还有希望T好远吧~
亲爱的ETS~

然后我想说：大家一起来连连OG10吧~别害羞呀！

45. The tobacco industry is still profitable and projections are that it will remain so. In the United States this year,
the total amount of tobacco sold by tobacco-farmers has increased, even though the number of adults who
smoke has decreased.
Each of the following, if true, could explain the simultaneous increase in tobacco sales and decrease in the
number of adults who smoke EXCEPT:
A. During this year, the number of women who have begun to smoke is greater than the number of men who
have quit smoking
B. The number of teen-age children who have begun to smoke this year is greater than the number of adults
who have quit smoking during the same period
C. During this year, the number of nonsmokers who have begun to use chewing tobacco or snuff is greater than
the number of people who have quit smoking
D. The people who have continued to smoke consume more tobacco per person than they did in the past
E. More of the cigarettes made in the United States this year were exported to other countries than was the
case last year.


46. Kale has more nutritional value than spinach. But since collard greens have more nutritional value than
lettuce, if follows that kale has more nutritional value than lettuce.
Any of the following, if introduced into the argument as an additional premise, makes the argument above
logically correct EXCEPT:
A. Collard greens have more nutritional value than kale
B. Spinach has more nutritional value than lettuce
C. Spinach has more nutritional value than collard greens
D. Spinach and collard greens have the same nutritional value
E. Kale and collard greens have the same nutritional value


47. On the basis of a decrease in the college-age population, many colleges now anticipate increasingly smaller
freshman classes each year. Surprised by a 40 percent increase in qualified applicants over the previous year,
however, administrators at Nice College now plan to hire more faculties for courses taken by all freshmen.
Which of the following statements about Nice College’s current qualified applicants, if true, would strongly
suggest that the administrators’ plan is flawed?
A. A substantially higher percentage than usual plan to study for advanced degrees after graduation from
college.
B. According to their applications, their level of participation in extracurricular activities and varsity sports is
unusually high.
C. According to their applications, none of them lives in a foreign country.
D. A substantially lower percentage than usual rate Nice College as their first choice among the colleges to
which they are applying
E. A substantially lower percentage than usual list mathematics as their intended major.


48. A researcher discovered that people who have low levels of immune-system activity tend to score much
lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune-system activity. The researcher
concluded from this experiment that the immune system protects against mental illness as well as against
physical disease.
The researcher’s conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. High immune-system activity protects against mental illness better than normal immune-system activity
does.
B. Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its effects on body systems.
C. People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness.
D. Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.
E. Psychological treatment of mental illness is not as effective as is medical treatment.

bananazoo

答案：
45.
If the number of men beginning to smoke and the number of women quitting smoking during the year are equal,
A would result in an increase, not a decrease, in the number of adults who smoke. Hence, A does NOT explain
the facts cited and is the best answer. Given the decrease in the number of adults who smoke, the increase in
tobacco sales could be explained by a proportionally greater increase in the non-adults who smoke or the
nonsmokers who use tobacco. An increase in total tobacco use by smokers or in the sales in the United States
tobacco abroad would also explain the facts cited. Thus, because B, C, D and E could explain the facts cited,
none of them can be the best answer.


46.
The question asks for an additional premise that does NOT make the argument logically correct. Adding A to the
information given in the passage leaves open the possibility that, in order of nutritional value, the vegetables
rank: collard greens, lettuce, kale, spinach. Because this order is contrary to the conclusion of the argument, A
leaves open the possibility that the conclusion of the argument is false; it is thus the best answer. By contrast,
any of other choices, when added to the information that the nutritional value of kale is greater than that of
spinach and that the nutritional value of collard greens is greater than that of lettuce, makes the conclusion-that
kale has more nutritional value than lettuce-follow logically.


47.
If, as D states, a substantial percentage of the qualified applicants do not rate Nice college as their first choice,
then, provided many of these applicants are accepted at and enroll in the colleges that are their first choices, the
increase in applications to Nice College might not result in any increase in the size of its freshman class. So D is
the best answer. Nothing can be determined from A, B, C and E about the size of the freshman class, so none of
these choices is relevant to the question of whether Nice College should hire more faculty to teach courses
taken by all freshmen. Thus, these choices are inappropriate.


48.
The researcher concludes from the association of low immune-system activity with low mental-health sores that,
in effect, immune system activity can inhibit mental illness. If, contrary to D, mental illness can depress
immune-system activity, the association mentioned does not support the researcher’s conclusion. So D must be
assumed. Normal immune-system activity could protect against mental illness without high-immune system
activity offering increased protection or prevention, contrary to what A and C state, so neither of A and C is
assumed. The conclusion does not depend on there being a similarity between mental and physical illness or a
difference in treatments, so B and E are not assumed.

bananazoo

45：
P：T industry will still profitable for a long time~
c：this year, the amount of T sales increased eventhough the adult smokers dreased.
A： A
A. During this year, the number of women who have begun to smoke is greater than the number of men who
have quit smoking（与文中事实相悖，文中说人减少了，这里是增加）

46：
表示OG上的~
K>S
CG>L
要K>L不成立
答案：A

47：
P: in order to decrease the number of the college students, the school will increase more smaller classes for freshman.
P: last year, there is a 40% increase in applicants
C:school will hire more teacher to teach the course for these freshmen.
A: D
D. A substantially lower percentage than usual rate Nice College as their first choice among the colleges to
which they are applying
其他选项都无关~

48：
P：people who have a low immune system activity on the tese of mental health will have a lower score than people with normal or high immune-system activity.
C: the immune-system activity will help people to against both the mental ilness and the physical disease.
A: B
错了~果然好久不做~唔！
D还是有些不理解，不是内容，是觉得这是他们两互相影响么？
还有 as well as physical diease,这句话，前文应该介绍下，免疫系统助于physical diease，我觉得突然来设么一句还是结论上的。。。容易让人想在mental与physical间建立关系，不然怎么也助于physical diease呢？
难道是默认前提？

fox0923

22s
P: The total amount of tobacco sales has been increased.
C: However, the adult who smoke has been decreased.
Resolve: The women who smoke has increased.
A: A

20s
P: K>S,C>L
C: K>L
A: A
A. Collard greens have more nutritional value than kale
-->C>K, K may equal to L
B. Spinach has more nutritional value than lettuce
-->S>L. L>K
C. Spinach has more nutritional value than collard greens
-->S>C. L>K
D. Spinach and collard greens have the same nutritional value
-->S = C. L>K
E. Kale and collard greens have the same nutritional value
--> K= C.  L>K

41s
P: The college application has decreased. People anticipate the decrease of college freshman enrollment.
C: The college freshman has increased 40% surprisingly, the college plans to add more facilities for freshman year education.
W: The 40% increase of students was because the total number of students increased, so the accepted students percentage seem to be increased.
A: A(错了，是D)---理解题意错误，new graduates回去take advanced degree与否和新的applicants无关！没有寇准题目中心，而且如果是按A所说，那么有support的感觉！
A. A substantially higher percentage than usual plan to study for advanced degrees after graduation from
college.
-->that's it!
B. According to their applications, their level of participation in extracurricular activities and varsity sports is
unusually high.
-->the extracurricular activities are irrelevant.
C. According to their applications, none of them lives in a foreign country.
-->the place these applicants live is irrelevant.
D. A substantially lower percentage than usual rate Nice College as their first choice among the colleges to
which they are applying
--> first choice or not is irrelevant.（错误判断，最终的目的是要不能让plan success）
E. A substantially lower percentage than usual list mathematics as their intended major.
-->the passage does not mention the lower percentage of mathematics. Irrelevant.

30s
P：People wit lower immune level tend to score lower on mental health activity than do people with normal immune level.
C: The scientist claimed that the immune level can prevent people from lower level of mental health activity and physical activity.
A: The immune level is essential to determine the level of mental health and physical activity.
A: D
A. High immune-system activity protects against mental illness better than normal immune-system activity does.
-->the passage does not mention if the immune system can protect against mental illness better or not.
B. Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its effects on body systems.
-->the passage does not refer the comparison between these two.
C. People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness.
-->the passage only states that the immune system can protect against the mental illness.
D. Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.
-->right, it should be the other way around。 mental illness不是immune system的必要条件，应该是反过来才对！
E. Psychological treatment of mental illness is not as effective as is medical treatment.
-->medical treatment is not necessary here.

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CR不仔细就会错！还是不行嘎~

fox0923

bana，这道题目其实是在说充分必要的问题，premise：people with low levels of immune system tend to score lowers on tests of mental health than people with normal immune system. 结论：researcher conclude that the immune system can protect against the mental illness and physical disease.
其实就是make a bridge--〉即：low levels of immune system 可以决定是否有mental illness和physical disease。
于是assmption肯定也是围绕着一点的，不要被后面的physical disease忽悠，因为直接原因和结构一定要有共性，看看是谁导致谁？

D. Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.
---〉D说mental illness不会导致人们的immune system activity降低，没错阿！因为应该是反过来，immune system activity 决定 mental illness，所以前者是必要条件，后者是产生的结果。选项只是反过来否认而已，但实际上是一个意思的。



bana了解点没?

南瓜0729

最后一题错了。。。犹豫了半天但是还是觉得D怪怪的

balapupu

我来喽~~~
1.【20s】【前提结论型】
P：tobacco sale increased--> the number of adults smoking tobacco decreased.
explain except：no idea
A :A. During this year, the number of women who have begun to smoke is greater than the number of men who
have quit smoking【R，无关对象】
B. The number of teen-age children who have begun to smoke this year is greater than the number of adults
who have quit smoking during the same period【大人少，小孩儿多】
C. During this year, the number of nonsmokers who have begun to use chewing tobacco or snuff is greater than
the number of people who have quit smoking【抽的少，嚼的多】
D. The people who have continued to smoke consume more tobacco per person than they did in the past【平均用量增加】
E. More of the cigarettes made in the United States this year were exported to other countries than was the
case last year.【用量转移到别国】
2.【15s】【前提结论型】
P：K>S,Cg>L--->C:K>L
premise:K>S>Cg>L
A:
A. Collard greens have more nutritional value than kale【R】
B. Spinach has more nutritional value than lettuce
C. Spinach has more nutritional value than collard greens
D. Spinach and collard greens have the same nutritional value
E. Kale and collard greens have the same nutritional value

3.【35s】【措施目地型】
P：Though anticipate less new student,40% qualified application—》C: school plan to hire more teacher to teach the new student.
weaken:though more qualified application, less enrollment.
A:
A. A substantially higher percentage than usual plan to study for advanced degrees after graduation from
college.【无关纵横比较】
B. According to their applications, their level of participation in extracurricular activities and varsity sports is
unusually high.【无关对象】
C. According to their applications, none of them lives in a foreign country.【无关对象】
D. A substantially lower percentage than usual rate Nice College as their first choice among the colleges to
which they are applying【R】
E. A substantially lower percentage than usual list mathematics as their intended major.【无关对象】

4.【20s】【因果结论型】
P：research report：people have low immune-system activity score low mantel test
C：immune system play an important in protecting both mantel health and physical health.
Assumption: good immune activity means good physical health.
A:A. High immune-system activity protects against mental illness better than normal immune-system activity
does.【重复原文】
B. Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its effects on body systems.【无关对象】
C. People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness.【片面】
D. Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.【排除它因，因果倒置】
E. Psychological treatment of mental illness is not as effective as is medical treatment.【无关对象】