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21. Aphasia, an impairment of the capacity to use language, often occurs when a stroke damages the left half of the brain. Many people with stroke-related aphasia recover at least some capacity to use language within a year. One proposed explanation for such recoveries is that the right side of the brain, which is not usually the major language center, develops its latent language capabilities to compensate for the damage to the left side. Which of the following, if true, most stronglysupports the explanation? (A) In a studyof local brain activity in people performing a language task, people with stroke-related aphasia showed higheractivity levels in the right half of the brain than people who did not have aphasia . (B) A blow to the head injuring the left halfof the brain can result in impairmentof the capacity to use language indistinguishable from that produced by a stroke. (C) Among people with stroke-related aphasia, recovering lost capacity to use language does not lead to any impairment of those capacities normally controlled by the right half of the brain. (D) A stroke that damages the left half of the brain often causes physical impairments of the right side of the body that lessen over time. (E) Studies of numerous people with aphasia have indicated that the functions that govern language production andthose that govern language comprehension are located in separate areas of the brain.
22. In the arid land along the Colorado River, use of the river's water supply is strictly controlled: farms along the river each have a limited allocation that they are allowed to use for irrigation. Butthe trees that grow in narrow strips along the river's banks also use its water. Clearly, therefore, if farmers were to remove those trees, more water would be available for crop irrigation. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? (A) The trees along the river's banks shelter it from the sun and wind, thereby greatlyreducing the amount of water lost through evaporation. (B) Owners of farms along the riverwill probably not undertake the expense of cutting down trees along the banks unlessthey are granted a greater allocation of water in return. (C) Many of the tree species currently found along the river's banks are specifically adapted to growing in places where tree roots remain constantly wet. (D) The strip of land where trees growalong the river's banks would not be suitable for growing crops if the trees were removed . (E) The distribution of water allocations for irrigation is intended to prevent farms farther upstream fromusing water needed by farms farther downstream.
23. Near Chicago a newly built hydroponic spinach "factory," a completely controlled environment for growing spinach, produces on 1 acre of floor space whatit takes 100 acres of fields to produce. Expenses, especially for electricity, arehigh, however, and the spinach produced costs aboutfour times as much aswashed California field spinach, the spina ch commonly sold throughout the United States. Which of the following, if true, best supports a projection that the spinach-growing facility near Chicagowill be profitable? (A) Once the operators of the facility are experienced, they will be able to cut operating expenses by about 25 percent. (B) There is virtually no scope for any further reduction in the cost per pound for California field spinach. (C) Unlike washed field spinach, the hydroponically grown spinach is untainted by any pesticides or herbicides andthus will sell at exceptionally high prices to such customers as health food restaurants. (D) Since spinach is a crop that ships relatively well , the market for the hydroponically grown spinach is no more limited to the Chicago area than the market for California field spinach is to California. (E) A second hydroponic facility is being built in Canada, taking advantage of inexpensive electricity and high vegetable prices.
24. Automobile Dealer's Advertisement: The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of anycar in its class. This showsthat the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement? (A) The HighwayTraffic Safety Institute report listedmany cars in other classes that hadmore injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000. (B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class. (C) Cars in the class to which thePZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other typesof cars. (D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced. (E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.
AA: The following appeared in a presentation by the chief production manager of a machine parts manufacturing company at a management meeting: “Our factory in Cookville is our most advanced and efficient. It is capable of producing ten drill bits for each dollar of production costs, whereas none of our other factories can produce more than seven drill bits per dollar of production costs. Therefore, we can reduce our overall drill bit production costs by devoting the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production. Since reducing the production costs of individual machine parts is the only way to achieve our larger goal of reducing our overall production costs, dedicating the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production and shifting all other machine part production to our other factories will help us to attain that larger goal.”
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