【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑3-14】【Verbal分册】

fox0923

17. A major health insurance company in Lagolia pays for special procedures prescribed by physicians only if the
procedure is first approved as "medically necessary" by a company-appointed review panel. The rule is
intended to save the company the money it might otherwise spend on medically unnecessary procedures.
The company has recently announced that in order to reduce its costs, it will abandon this rule.


Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the company's decision?


(A) Patients often register dissatisfaction with physicians who prescribe nothing for their ailments.
(8) Physicians often prescribe special procedures that are helpful but not altogether necessary for the health of the patient.
(C) The review process is expensive and practically always results in approval of the prescribed procedure.
(D) The company's review process does not interfere with the prerogative of physicians, in cases where more than one effective procedure is available, to selectthe one theypersonally
prefer.
(E) The number of members of the companyappointed review panel who review a given procedure depends on the cost of the procedure.


18. Unlike the wholesale price of raw wool, the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen considerably in the last year. Thus, although the retail price of cotton clothing at retail clothing stores has not yet fallen , it will
inevitably fall.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?


(A) The cost of processing raw cotton for cloth has increased during the last year.
(8) The wholesale price of raw wool is typically higher than that of the same volume of raw cotton.
(C) The operating costs of the average retail clothing store have remained constant during the last year.
(0) Changes in retail prices always lag behind changes in wholesale prices.
(E) The cost of harvesting raw cotton has increased in the last year.


19. A computer equipped with signature-recognition software, which restricts access to a computer to those people whose signatures are on file, identifies a person's signature by analyzing not onlythe form of the signature but also such characteristics as pen pressure and signing speed. Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate all of the characteristics the program analyzes.


Which of the following can be logically concluded from the passage above?


(A) The time it takes to record and analyze a signature makes the software impractical for everyday use.
(8) Computers equipped with the software will soon be installed in most banks.
(e) Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue of skill at forging signatures.
(0) Signature-recognition software has taken many years to develop and perfect.
(E) In many cases even authorized users are denied legitimate access to computers equipped with the software.



20. Start-up companies financed by venture capitalists have a much lower failure rate than companies financed by other means. Source of financing, therefore, must be a more important causative factor in the success of a start-up company than are such factors as the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur, the quality of strategic planning, or the management structure of the company.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?


(A) Venture capitalists tend to be more responsive than other sources of financing to changes in a start-up company's financial needs.
(8) The strategic planning of a start-up company is a less important factor in the long-term success of the company than are the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur.
(C) More than half of all newcompanies fail within five years.
(0) The management structures of start-up companies are generally less formal than the management structures of ongoing businesses.
(E) Venture capitalists base their decisions to fund start-up companies on such factors as the characteristics of the entrepreneur and quality of strategic planning of the company.



AI
Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of
service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining

fox0923

为什么图片贴不了？只能贴字了先！17. A major health insurance company in Lagolia pays for special procedures prescribed by physicians only if the
procedure is first approved as "medically necessary" by a company-appointed review panel. The rule is intended
to save the company the money it might otherwise spend on medically unnecessary procedures. The company
has recently announced that in order to reduce its costs, it will abandon this rule.
Which of the following, if true, providesthe strongest justification for the company's decision?
(Al Patients often register dissatisfaction with physicians who prescribe nothing for their ailments.
(8) Physicians often prescribe special procedures that are helpful but not altogether necessary for the health
of the patient.
(C) The review process is expensive and practically always results in approval of the prescribed procedure.
(D) The company's review process does not interfere with the prerogative of physicians, in cases where more
than one effective procedure is available, to select the one they personally prefer.
(El The number of members of the company-appointed reviewpanel who review a given procedure depends
on the cost of the procedure.
Eval uation of a Plan
Situation In order to cut costs, a major health insurance company is aban doning a rule stating
that it will pay for special procedures only if the procedure is approved as medically
necessary by a review panel.
Reasoning What p iece ofinftrmation wo uld most help tojustify the company's decision? For the
company to save money, it would need to be in some way cut ting its costs by
abandoning the rule. Under what circumstances might the rule cost, rather than save,
the company money? The panel itself might be expensive to convene, for example.
Further, the cost savings achie ved by the panel might be minimal if the panel did not
deny significant numbers of procedures.
A This suggests that patients might be pressuring their physicians to prescribe certai n unnecessary
procedures for their ailments, which in turn suggests that the panel is reviewing these procedures
and denying them. But if so, then the panel is probably saving the insurance company money, so
abandoning the panel's review would not reduce the company's costs .
B Th is suggests that certain proce dures that are being prescribed by physicians are not medically
necessary, which in turn suggests th at the panel review ing these procedures may be denying
them. If this is the case, then the pane l is probably saving the insura nce company a significant
amount of money, so abandoning the panel's review may well increase rath er than decrease the
company's costs.
C Correct. Thi s statement properly identifies information that would help to justify the company's
decision.
D Even if the panel does not interfere with physician s' choices when more than one medically
effective procedure is available, the panel may still be denying pay for man y procedures that are
not medically necessary. In such cases the panel may be saving the insurance company money,
and abandoning the review proce ss would not reduce the company's costs.
E Thi s suggests that the more expensive the procedure under review, the more expe nsive the panel
itself is. Even so, if th e panel denies payment for very expensive procedures, it may nonetheless
save the company significantly more than the company has to pay to convene the panel, so
abandoning the review process would not reduce the company's costs.
The correct answer is C.

fox0923

18. Unlike the wholesale price of raw wool, the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen considerably in the last year.
Thus, although the retail price of cotton clothing at retail clothing stores has not yet fallen, it will inevitably fall.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(Al The cost of processing raw cotton for cloth has increased during the last year.
(8) The wholesale price of raw wool is typically higher than that of the same volume of raw cotton.
(Cl The operating costs of the average retail clothing store have remained constant during the last year.
(D) Changes in retail prices always lag behind changes in wholesale prices.
(E) The cost of harvesting raw cotton has increased in the last year.
A rgu ment Evaluat ion
Since the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen significantly, the retail price of
cotton clothing in stores will inevitably fall.
What point weakens this argum ent? Consider carefully the difference between the two
products for which costs are being compared: cotton and cloth. Th is argument
assumes that lower wholesale prices for a raw product must necessarily result in lower
retail prices for a processed product. What other factors could have an impact on the
final retail prices of cotton clothing? If any of the costs of transforming the raw
product into a processed product increase, then the retail prices of cotton clothing will
not necessarily fall.
A Correct. This statement properly identifies a weakness in the argument.
B The relative prices of raw wool and raw cotton are irrelevant to price changes in raw cotton and
processed cotton.
C One step between wholesale and retail prices is the operating cost of the retail store . If that
operating cost has been constant rather than rising, it is possible that the retail prices could follow
the lower whole sale prices . Thus the argument is not weakened.
D The argument notes that the wholesale price has fallen in the last year and that though the retail
price has not yetfizllen, it w ill inevitablyfizll. 1he argument has already taken the lag into account
and is not weakened by this statement.
E Harvesting costs are part of the assumed increased price of raw cotton and do not affect current
retail prices.
The correct answer is A.

fox0923

19. A computer equipped with signature-recognition software, which restricts access to a computerto those people whose signatures are on file, identifies a person's signature by analyzing not only the form of the signature but also such characteristics as pen pressure and signing speed. Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate all of the characteristics the program analyzes.
Which of the following can be logicallyconcluded from the passage above?
(A) The time it takes to record and analyze a signature makes the software impractical for everyday use.
(8) Computers equipped with the software will soon be installed in most banks.
(C) Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue of skill at forging
signatures.
(D) Signature-recognition software has taken many years to develop and perfect.
(El In many cases even authorized users are denied legitimate access to computers equipped with the
software.
Argument Construction
Situation Forger s cannot duplicate all the characteristics that signature-recognition softwa re
analyzes, including the form of a signature, pen pressure, and signing speed.
Computers equipped with this soft ware restrict access to those whose signatures are
on file.
Reasoning What conclusion can be reached about comp uters equipped w ith this softw are? The passage
states that the software detects mo re characteristics in a signature than the most
accomplished forger can possibly reproduce. Thus, skill at forging signatu res is not
enough to allow someo ne to gain access to a computer equipped with the software.
A N o information about the speed of the analysis is given, so no such conclusion can be drawn.
B Although the software would likely be of benefit to banks, we cannot conclude that it will be
installed in most banks because the passage doesn't rule out, e.g., that the software may be too
costly or th at there may be proprietary constraints.
C C orrect. Thi s statement properly identifies a conclusion that can be drawn from th e passage.
D Although it seems reasonable to think that th e software took a long time to develop, nothing in
the passage justifies the claim that it took years.
E Nothing in the passage rule s out the possibility that the software functions so well th at
authorized users will never be denied legitimate access to computers equipped with the software.
The correct answer is C.

fox0923

20

bananazoo

banana归来！
占座！
睡觉~

fox0923

32s
P: The rule of medical procedures can prevent unnecessary medical costs by getting approval from the board.
C: The company will abandon this rule.
R: This board cannot justify the medical procedures properly.
A: C

(A) Patients often register dissatisfaction with physicians who prescribe nothing for their ailments. (dissatisfaction of patients is not an issue here)
(8) Physicians often prescribe special procedures that are helpful but not altogether necessary for the health of the patient. (the error that physicians make does not harm the decision of company appointed review panel)
(C) The review process is expensive and practically always results in approval of the prescribed procedure.(review panel's error)
(D) The company's review process does not interfere with the prerogative of physicians, in cases where more than one effective procedure is available, to selectthe one theypersonally
prefer. (at least it talks about the effective procedure, then it will weaken the conclusion)
(E) The number of members of the company appointed review panel who review a given procedure depends on the cost of the procedure.(strengthen)

36s
P: The wholesale price of wool has been fallen, and the wholesale price of cotton will fail too.
C: The retail price of cotton clothes will fail too.
W: wholesale price is different term from the retail price.
A: A(虽然选对，但显然没有看清楚D选项）

(A) The cost of processing raw cotton for cloth has increased during the last year.(cost increased, the price might be increased)
(8) The wholesale price of raw wool is typically higher than that of the same volume of raw cotton.(it doesn‘t harm the retail price)
(C) The operating costs of the average retail clothing store have remained constant during the last year.(cost remains the same, it's possible that the price will not increase)
(0) Changes in retail prices always lag behind changes in wholesale prices.(想错了！因为重复了argument里面的premise，所以不能算数！)
(E) The cost of harvesting raw cotton has increased in the last year.(the cost of harvesting cotton cannot compare to the retail price of cotton)

30s
P: The new computer system can protect the access to the files with signatures on computers.
P: The computer system will even prevent the forger's stealing.
C: No one can access to the computer without his own signature.
A: C

(A) The time it takes to record and analyze a signature makes the software impractical for everyday use. (impractical 说明这个software不好，不是总结结论）
(8) Computers equipped with the software will soon be installed in most banks. （where to be installed in not important here)
(e) Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue of skill at forging signatures.(总结最后一句话）
(0) Signature-recognition software has taken many years to develop and perfect.（多少年发明的无关）
(E) In many cases even authorized users are denied legitimate access to computers equipped with the software. （说software不好，不能总结结论）

36s
P: Start up companies have a lower rate of failure because they all finance themselves.
C: The characteristics, management styles ,etc are not as important as the finance issue.
W: The managers in the start up companies which finance themselves also focus more on management style.
A: E

(A) Venture capitalists tend to be more responsive than other sources of financing to changes in a start-up company's financial needs. (strengthen)
(8) The strategic planning of a start-up company is a less important factor in the long-term success of the company than are the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur.(没有strategy和characteristic的比较）
(C) More than half of all newcompanies fail within five years. (只考虑成功的企业，没有提到失败的start up companies)
(0) The management structures of start-up companies are generally less formal than the management structures of ongoing businesses.(strengthen)
(E) Venture capitalists base their decisions to fund start-up companies on such factors as the characteristics of the entrepreneur and quality of strategic planning of the company.

fox0923

AI
job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of
service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining.

Conclusion: The employees should not be rewarded based on their service years.
Argument:
1. job security requires the basic security benefits that each company should provide for its employees. No security guarantee, no better performance from the employees.
2. The author does not indicate a more integrated plan to test the employee's performance, since different department may have different scales to test performance, and this will induce the conflict among the results.
3. Based on my experience and common sense, raising salary will encourage employees to work harder and more efficiently, since this becomes motivation to get even higher salary.

daisyの小夢想

占位 两天没做练习 该打该打!!!

phoebe0624

daisy，你要做呀，我还每次都等着看你的，然后和我的比对呢！！