【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-9】

抓抓sandra

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

#1 FEIFEI 91
91. Leachate is a solution, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates a landifill’s site. If and only if the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachate escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities. A method must be found for disposing of leach ate. Most landfill leachate is sent directly to sewage treatment plants, but not all sewage plants are capable of handling the highly contaminated water.


Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?
E.    If leachate does not escape from a landfill into the environment, then the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids has not been exceeded.




#2 FEIFEI 92
92. Baking for winter holidays is a tradition that may have a sound medical basis. In midwinter, when days are short, many people suffer from a specific type of seasonal depression caused by lack of sunlight. Carbohydrates, both sugars and starches, boost the brain’s levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that improves the mood. In this respect, carbohydrates act on the brain in the same way as some antidepressants. Thus, eating holiday cookies may provide an effective form of self-prescribed medication.


Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
D.    Some antidepressants act by changing the brain’s level of serotonin.




#3 FEIFEI 93
93. The efficiency of microwave ovens in destroying the harmful bacteria frequently found in common foods is diminished by the presence of salt in the food being cooked. When heated in a microwave oven, the interior of unsalted food reaches temperatures high enough to kill bacteria that cause food poisoning, but the interior of salted food does not. Scientists theorize that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from heating the interior.


Which one of the following conclusions is most supported by the information above?
D.    The danger of food poisoning can be lessened if salt is not used to prepare foods that are to be cooked in a microwave oven.


#4 FEIFEI 95
95. Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
C.    The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.


#5 AA60 有点长。。
60. The following appeared as part of a recommendation by one of the directors of the Beta Company.
“The Alpha Company has just reduced its workforce by laying off fifteen percent of its employees in all divisions and at all levels, and it is encouraging early retirement for other employees. As you know, the Beta Company manufactures some products similar to Alpha’s, but our profits have fallen over the last few years. To improve Beta’s competitive position, we should try to hire a significant number of Alpha’s former workers, since these experienced workers can provide valuable information about Alpha’s successful methods, will require little training, and will be particularly motivated to compete against Alpha.”

superbat28

1. 33s
Info1: L is a solution that is contaminated
Info2: We must control L
Info3: Some measures have been adopted, but not all landfills are capable of controlling L

Inference: Some landfills cannot prevent L

2. 38s
Info1: baking cookie in the winter is good
Info2: People suffer from depression in winters because of the lack of sunlight
Info3: Cookies can boost ….. and have the same effect with medication

Inference: …….看了答案发现…inference题真不好inference….

3. 38s
Info1: It is said salt limits the ability to kill bacteria
Info2: More salt, less able to kill bacteria.

Inference: ……继续看答案。。。

4. 38s
Premise: International collaboration paper is cited more by subsequent people
Conclusion: International collaboration paper is more important

Assumption: Importance= more frequent

superbat28

读过~
1. No reason that they need little training===>the structure in both companies may differentiate each other very much
2. No reason to believe that profits will rise====>We do not know whether the currently low profits level is caused by high payment, and we do not know whether those former Alpha's employees will charge very high salary
3. Reach the conclusion to hastly====>Again, those method may not be applicalbe in Beta, and we do not know whether such a behavior may encounter some legal sue....

daisyの小夢想

1.50s
L溶质如果不能被landfill的溶液稀释就会对环境造成污染。
必须解决这个问题，这些L会sent到S植物那里，但是不是所有的S植物都可以过滤掉这些污染。
Must Be True: 可以寻找那种有能力过滤L的S植物来过滤以解决污染问题。

2.52
BG: Lacking sunlight, People usually suffer from seasonal depression in midwinter.
Premise: Carbonhydrate can increase S, which can improve mind.
Conclusion：Thus, people can eat holiday cookies to improve mind.
Must Be True: ...wait and see...

3. 42s
Premise:
Oven waves can kill the bacteria of unsalted food, while they can't kill the bacteria in the interior of the salted food.
Conclusion: Scientists hytheosize that salt prvents oven waves from heating the interior.
Must Be True:
The heat that reaches the interior of the salted food is not high enough to kill the bacteria.

4.
Premise: Papers with collaboration are cited more times than papers with single authors.
Conclusion:
Research conducted by international teams are more improtant than that conducted by individual.
Assumption:
The number of being cited is an essential standard of assessing a paper's improtance.

5.快速看了一下
1. A公司裁掉的员工如果是没有能力的，不能掌握Alpha’s successful methods的呢？
T。T 要出去了 回来再看 btw那道恶心的AA我还没懂。。

fox0923

40s
Premise: L is contaminated and L can get into the plant
Conclusion: so we have to find measurements to solve the problem, but not all measurements are useful for attacking it.
Inference: The plants will be contaminated if there's no effective method to control it.

35s
Premise: Baking during short winter time is benefit for human's depressant because of the carbonhydrate.
Conclusion: Eating cookies will have the effect of anti-depressant.（又和答案不一样~）
Inference: Cookie has carbonhydrate.

40s
Premise 1: The food without salt under the microwave heat can release poison, but the food with salt doesnt release poison.
Premise 2: The salt can block the heat of microwave.
Conclusion: The salt can take away the poison by blocking the heat of microwave.

42s
Premise: The international collaboration has greater influence on paper production than individual one. International has 7times as average one, and individual one has 3times as average one.
Conclusion: The international research is better than individual one.
Assumption: This citation is based on the comparison of international researches and individual researches.

纳丁Cat

8-15
1. 40s
Leachate is a solution, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates a landifill’s site. If and only if the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachate escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities. A method must be found for disposing of leach ate. Most landfill leachate is sent directly to sewage treatment plants, but not all sewage plants are capable of handling the highly contaminated water.
Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Leachate沥出液 permeates弥漫
L是一个溶液会污染环境。它在垃圾场里，当垃圾场hold liquids的容量超过了，L就会污染环境。结论：所以要一些方法来过滤它。
推论：如果沥出液的量不多的话，methods就不用了
标答：E.    If leachate does not escape from a landfill into the environment, then the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids has not been exceeded. 逆否命题。关系推理。

2.40s
92. Baking for winter holidays is a tradition that may have a sound medical basis. In midwinter, when days are short, many people suffer from a specific type of seasonal depression caused by lack of sunlight. Carbohydrates, both sugars and starches, boost the brain’s levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that improves the mood. In this respect, carbohydrates act on the brain in the same way as some antidepressants. Thus, eating holiday cookies may provide an effective form of self-prescribed medication.
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
冬天庆祝节日其实是有医用疗效的。因为冬天白天短，人们晒到的太阳少，所以容易抑郁。而碳水化合物可以刺激身体里的内多分，起到抗抑郁的作用。结论：节日吃的小饼干就能帮助人们抗抑郁咯。
推论：小饼干里有淡水化合物
标答：  Some antidepressants act by changing the brain’s level of serotonin. 补上gap

3. 30s
The efficiency of microwave ovens in destroying the harmful bacteria frequently found in common foods is diminished by the presence of salt in the food being cooked. When heated in a microwave oven, the interior of unsalted food reaches temperatures high enough to kill bacteria that cause food poisoning, but the interior of salted food does not. Scientists theorize that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from heating the interior.
Which one of the following conclusions is most supported by the information above?
微波炉加热食物杀死里面的细菌。后来发现，加了没有加盐的食物里面的细菌容易被杀死，加了的不容易。结论：盐阻止了微波炉杀死细菌。 到达高温
支持：盐是吸热的
标答：D.    The danger of food poisoning can be lessened if salt is not used to prepare foods that are to be cooked in a microwave oven. 结论支持，简单重复

4. 35s
95. Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
论文的影响是由它被引用了多少次来决定的。国际联合的论文通常平均被引用很多次，而单个人写得平均只有3次。结论：国际联合的论文影响更大。
假设：论文的影响是由它被引用了多少次来决定的。
标答：C.    The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research

抓抓sandra

今天晚上放松过头了，做做逻辑链收心下。

#1 严重超时。Q:没想到。

#2 38s
p1. 冬天烧烤这个传统是有医学理由的
P2. 冬天日照时间短，容易抑郁
P3. 碳水化合物可以改善这种抑郁
conclusion：所以A和B两种碳水化合物可以改善这种情况
Q: must be true——A和B是烧烤的【……差了十万八千里】

#3 35s
P1.没有放盐的东西放在微波炉里面可以达到一定高温，杀菌
sub-conclusion.盐导致微波炉杀菌效果减弱
conlusion：盐巴是因为其阻碍微波所以才使得微波杀菌效果减弱
Q.SUPPORT——可能会指出他因是不存在的来支持conclusion
【题目都看错了……脑子里全是浆糊嘛啊……】

#4 55s
P1.国际合作的论文比非国际合作的论文更有影响力，这个影响力由被后来的论文引用的次数来衡量
P2.被引用的次数较多的文章，合作作者平均有7个，引用较少的作者平均有3个
conclusion：多个作者的文章一定比单个作者的文章更有影响力
Q:ASSUMPTION——作者本身的学术背景对文章影响力没有影响
【继续错了：应该是projects也符合这个基于引用次数的判断标准。PO4要时刻牢记】

大三准备留学

1.超时 LA是一种污水（solution看了半天） 是水穿过垃圾后的污水，这种污水是当垃圾没有足够的容积收容这些液体的时候会流出意想不到多的这种液体，必须有办法来解决这些污水，通常我们把它排到下水道里，但是下水道也没有足够的空间容纳这些污水
得到：想不到

2.吃糖是冬天的一种习俗同时也有一定的药物效果，在冬天 很多人因为缺少阳光的照射使得精神萎靡，然后C中有物质可以刺激人释放S S会使得人们更加兴奋，减少抑郁，所以吃糖会对人们产生良好的药物效果
得到：

3.食物中的盐会降低微波炉对食物总细菌的杀除效果，微波炉可以没有盐的食物达到可以杀死细菌的温度，然而无法让有盐的食物达到这个温度，科学家认为盐阻碍了热量在食物中的传导

4.超时 国际合作的调查比单个调查更具有效果，因为国际调查的论文平均出现在其他类似的论文中7次，而单个调查只有3次
假设，出现的次数越多 说明效果越好

CC5

1.55s
Inf1: L will change water into contaminated water.
 Inf2: L will prolife in unpredictable quantities
 Inf3: t plants can’t hand highly contaminated water

Infer: t plant can’t dispose L

2.56s
Inf1: the c lever will be high in winter
Inf2: C can lead human to be in a good mood

Infer: people will be in a good mood easier in winter

3.38s
Pre: salted food can’t kill the bacteria in it in a high temperature environment
Con: Scientist think salt can affect the microwave
My a:用中文吧,应该是少加盐有关的选项
4. pre: papers with international c have greater influence than that don’t have
 Con: research projects conducted by international research teams are of impotance than those conducted by single research
 Ass: the importance of a research is due to its papers

MiaZhang

1.53s（第一遍没看懂。。。好难。。）
P是一种处理水的方法，通常会被污染。只有当landfill承装液体的能力被超出的时候L才会逃到大气里面，数量不可预见。所有的landfill L都被直接送到污水处理厂，但是不是所有的污水处理厂都能处理这种被污染的水。
C:需要一种新的方法处理L
MBT：有一些污水处理厂不能处理L？

2.38s
P:冬季人们经常会觉得depressed，但是baking中的碳水化合物，可以提高人大脑里面的一种东西，让人们开心
C:冬天baking是一种有效的治疗方式
MBT：baking中含有碳水化合物；或不开心的人应该去baking

3.35s
P:加了盐的食物，在微波加热时候温度不能增加到杀死细菌
C:盐有效阻止了微波对食物的加热
Main Point：【对结论的改写】

4.33s
P:国际合作的论文被引用的次数更多
C:国际合作研究更重要
Assumption：被引用论文的次数能准确描述论文的重要性，或引用的论文都没有被批判

5.33s
A削减员工并且让其他员工早点退休。B公司利润下降，产品与A相同，所以为了增加B的利润，应该雇佣A不要了的员工，因为这些人能带来A的成功经验，不需要太多培训，并且很乐意与A抗衡。
逻辑错误：
A开出这些员工是有道理的，可能正是因为他们技术有问题。这样的话，就需要更多的培训
A的技艺和经验不一定适用于B
雇佣新员工会增加成本，有可能进一步家少利润