做题做得好困,发道题上来讨论提提神,PREP1-37题

tinyblue2004

Capuchin monkeys in Venezuela often rub a certain type of millipede into their fur.  Secretions of these millipedes have been shown to contain two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate the capuchins.  The rubbing behavior is rare except during the rainy season, when mosquito populations are at their peak.  Therefore, the monkeys probably rub the millipedes into their fur because doing so helps protect them against mosquitoes.

 

Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in order to evaluate the argument?

 

(A) Whether the two chemicals provide any protection for the millipedes against their own predators

(B) Whether the type of millipede used by the capuchin monkeys in Venezuela is found in other parts of the world

(C) Whether animals other than capuchins rub insects of any kind into their fur

(D) Whether the only time the millipedes are readily available to the capuchins is during the rainy season

(E) Whether secretions of any other insects accessible to the capuchins contain chemicals that repel mosquitoes

评价题是对结论做评价，那么这个结论是因为要防止蚊子才去rub the milipedes，而不是为了别的，那么重点就是在防止蚊子上，那么是否milipedes只出现在rainy season可以判断是否是为了防止蚊子，这么说我还是有点不convinced。我选了E

tangzimo

我认为是这样的。

B的意思是，如果milipedes只出现在rainy season，那么必然导致“The rubbing behavior is rare except during the rainy season”。这就是说，有可能不是protect them against mosquitoes导致“The rubbing behavior is rare except during the rainy season”。异因也可以同果，当然就削弱了。

如果milipedes并非只出现在rainy season，就不能得到上述异因同果的推断。所以B的不同回答会影响对结论的判断，应该选。

E中提到，要看其他昆虫的分泌物，这就是不对的。因为结论只是在讨论抓milipedes的作用，不管其他昆虫的分泌物含不含防蚊成分，对判断milipedes的功效都不产生影响。

比如，这样一个结论：一个人吃米饭，是为了防止饿。你要是判断这个结论，根本不用去想是不是还有馒头啊、面条啊什么的可以防止饿，不管它们能否防饿，对“吃米饭是为了防饿”这个结论都没有影响。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-7 22:58:34编辑过]

tinyblue2004

LS的解释很清晰呀，真羡慕你有这么好的思路，不过有个小问题,是D不是B,呵呵

THX~~

tangzimo

以下是引用tinyblue2004在2007-8-8 10:35:00的发言：

LS的解释很清晰呀，真羡慕你有这么好的思路，不过有个小问题,是D不是B,呵呵

THX~~

呵呵

SORRY！

还有，我其实CR不好的。这几天正愁呢……

lanseb8ma

以下是引用tinyblue2004在2007-8-7 22:36:00的发言：

Capuchin monkeys in Venezuela often rub a certain type of millipede into their fur.  Secretions of these millipedes have been shown to contain two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate the capuchins.  The rubbing behavior is rare except during the rainy season, when mosquito populations are at their peak.  Therefore, the monkeys probably rub the millipedes into their fur because doing so helps protect them against mosquitoes.

 Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in order to evaluate the argument? 

 Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in order to evaluate the argument? 

(D) Whether the only time the millipedes are readily available to the capuchins is during the rainy season

评价题是对结论做评价，那么这个结论是因为要防止蚊子才去rub the milipedes，而不是为了别的，那么重点就是在防止蚊子上，那么是否milipedes只出现在rainy season可以判断是否是为了防止蚊子，这么说我还是有点不convinced。我选了E

     lz的分析思路是对的，即要从需要evaluate的XXXX出发来解题，但是请注意：这里要求评价的是argument（也就是从论证到结论的一个整体，包括conclusion和推出那个conclusion的理由），而非单只conclusion。

     用这个思路再回看这题，应该就很清楚了：题目是由雨季的Behavior少和蚊子数量达到顶峰这两个在发生时间上重合的事件作为事实论据来推出结论的。那么，我们可以很自然地想到：what if it is merely a coincidence?

    D正是试图寻找我们上述设问的答案。如果M仅仅能在雨季被C猴获得，那么上述两者在时间上的重合就可以被认作是一种coincidence，或者说是一种无奈，而不能必然推出结论。

mimixiaxia

up

snowofjune

up

qxlsh

Evaluate题目就是要对选项做Yes和No的回答，两种回答需要对结论有支持或削弱的作用。

d对。如果M全年都有，monkeys只在雨季蚊子多的时候抓M，则说明是为了防蚊子；如果M只有雨季有，在不能有效证明抓M是为了防蚊子。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-12-23 20:50:15编辑过]

allln123123

同意楼上的

eileenmu木

up