【Native Speaker每日综合训练—44系列】【44-03】科技 Internal clock

wensd1111

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yangxist

2’08
Previous theory explains that the circadian clock is functioned by one area of the brain. However later theory found that another part of brain also helps a human body to have the sense of time, and even competes with the other part.
2’07
A brain can not only measure the time but also recall time passage. This function is attributed to hippocampus, a material in brain.
2’30
Hippocampus signal time difference in similar time intervals, but they may compete with S. Further reseach is needed to understand how there 2 materials interact with each other.
2’37
In order to help solve the unpleasant feelings caused by jet-lag, scientists have explored several possibilities, such as to interrupt chemical V in the brain to reset the biological clock, involve a pair of chemical K to make enhance the effectiveness of light exposure, and the strongest one, to involve the S chemical.
3’21
Circadian clock helps organism maintain metabolic system, provide health life. However a Mexican cave fish does not have this circadian clock, what’s more, the absence of the circadian system even helps them maintain a more energy-effective life. Scientists are expecting to know more about these species.
6’04
Several experiments have been conducted since 1960s in order to find how people sense the time passage. Nearly all experiments reached the same conclusion that elders feel time past faster than youngsters do. No scientific explanations have been given, but scientists offered possible reasons from psychological perspective.

kit琳

time 2 [296] 2'01
how do people sense the passing time? research indicate that the brain has the system to help us.
time 3 [332] 2'11
the hippocampus helps brain to memory the passing of time.scientists use rat to do experienments.they find that hippo-impaired
rats do not perform differently in discriminating the intervals which are largely differently from another, but they perform no better
in distingushing the similar periods of time.
time4 [354] 2'33
hippocampus is good at remerbering long periods of time, it is also renowned to remerber overlapping scenes.
s is good at track the passing time in seconds. scientists infer that h and s compete in the brain, the impairment of anyone may help
intensify the function of the other.
time 5[400] 3'07
jetlag causes pain. recently scientists have developed a new drug to deal with it---to fasten the procedure of adjustment.
it involves four kinds of chemicals.help to reset the clock, limit the sun exposure effect to people.
time 6 [338] 2'10
cardian ryhthm helps many animals save energy in advance when they need it.scientists do research to learn sth from the metabolic
rates from the fish
rest [236] 1'15
cave fish consumes 30 less energy than surface fish, but they do not have cardian rhythm and do not have eyes. researchers are
interested in how it works.

dada0539

iPad计时无能 睡前阅读 keep doing obstacle感觉颇深 这几天复习真的是感觉时光飞速 stress和focus on too many thing but the time 。。明天继续加油！

灵韵

1: Speaker, Melatonin plays role in circadian rhthym. Melatonin  Compared with human beining, reindeer
2 2:08
we have different and somehow precise internal clock processors which maintain the circadian rhythm. Recent research shows that striatum plays a role in time processing.
3 2:10
Recent research on rat has shown that both Striatum and hippocampus sense time passing. hippocampus may help us to remember slightly longer episodical duration of time than Striatum that senses shorter durations
4 2:27
How striatum and hippocampus cooporate in time sensing has not been discovered. Researchers are carrying out these studies in rats now.
5 1:20
Jet lag is costly. new drug candidates tested in last two decades were not performing well. Scientist proposed a few new candidates which can influence circadian rhythms for studying.
6 2:15
blind cavefish save 30% energy as they abolish the circadian rhythm which senses day and night.
Just realised my English writing is really bad though the topic is so familiar. It was my own field for years.

fantasy_

今天注意力不集中，结果就是看不进去+花时长
Time 2        1'42''
our brian may have second clock which helps the brain if it doesnt work or not working effectively
Time 3        2'33''
没太懂
hippocampus may take  the position of keeping track time, too.
Time 4        2'27''
Damaging hippocampus/stratiatum may help brain keep track of time because they are comprting.
Time 5        2'46''
New drug to recover jet lag
Time 6        1'52''
evidence indicates cavafish may have a biological clock as human do.

画画2013

Speaker
circadian 生理节奏的
Human have master timepiece in brains called circadian clock.
How to live in Arctic, where it's dark or light for months at time?solution: lost the daily clock
Reindeer has no obivious 24-hour pattern like humans. However, they know when to mate or pack, so that they probably rely on the an annual clock instead.
Time2 1'39
striatum 纹状体，终脑的皮层
Humans have a mental clock that can alter us to pay attention that we have done something for a long time. However, just atribute the clock to the model of single neural clock maybe is too simplistic, and the new research concludes that the internal clock may not can just works in parallel with our neural clcok, it can also compete with it.
Time3 1'59
In the past, the hippocampus was thought to be an important issue that could remember the passage of time. However, people who have trouble with their hippocampus do as well as on remembering the passage of time as normal one in short time period.
In oder to test whether hippocampus is the cole issue, the scientists train rats to discriminate time inervial in the new study. In the end, the rats who have weak hippocampus can tell the difference between vastly different intervals, but not good at detecting the samilar time period. What is more, rats with better hippocampus perform better to discriminate long time intervals, such as 10 and 15 minutes.
Time4 2'
In conclusion, it seems that the hippocampus play an important role at controling long time memory, but striatum works for short time memory. However, whether hippocampus and triatum do work segregate still needs futher research.
Time5
Jet Lag 时差反应
misaligned 方向偏离的，线向不正的；使不一致
Jet lag can causes high economic loses, and the methods used to treat jet lag does not perform well in those years.
Now, a drug maybe used more effictive than the normal method to cure jet lag, and scientists have adimited the possibilities of such a drug.
Time6 2'04
forgo 放弃，停止，对……断念
The blind Mexico cavefish has a special abilito save energy---by forgoing circadian rhythms.
Besides, such kind of cavefish don't control its metabolism with a circadian clock.
Obstacle 7'10
whiz 嗖嗖做声

main idea：People feel that time goes by faster when they become older, and the reason why we have such a feeling may caused by time pressure and some other factors.

People do feel that time fly by when they become older though the time does not pass faster indeed. To figure the question out, researchers Lehnhoffad Wittmann made lots of questionnaires to different age groups.
According to the survey, they found that different ages did not feel different on the short time intervals, such as one week or one day, but they did feel differently on the long time period, such as ten years. Older felt that time passes much quicker than youger on the long time issue.
Five reasons may explain this phenomenon:
1. We gauge time by memorable events.
2. The amount of time passed relative the one's life.
3. Our biological clock slows as we age.
4. As we age, we pay less attention to time.
5. Stress makes you feel time passes faster.
How to solve this problem? Well, maybe the best solution is that you could try to enjoy the precious time with your family or your friends, and relax yourself on spare time.



  

Hendy

T2
Thanks to our brain, which creast internal clock.

One proposed that..... however, emerging research suggest that...
we have two clock ,the new one compete with neural clock.

T3
A thing in the brain help to remember the past things.
Give some example of rats
Conclusion:Hippocampus is important for distinguishing between similar time intervals, but is not needed when the intervals are very different.

T5
Jet lag is not only inconvenience but also economic lost

iSummer7

speaker:circadian clock
reindeer dont live like hunmans who are locked into CC,but they rely on an annual clock set by the hormone melation
speed:
T2 1'21'' lead to topic -brain
             there are different neural systerms in our brain to process distinc type of time
             new research
T3 1‘36'' the brain not only measure time but also remember how much time has passed. scientists used rats to do research which showed that H was important for distinguishing between similar time intervals, but not necessary when time intervals are very distinct.
T4 1'56'' What's the function and pattern of H ,and we also need T to track time.what's the relationship between H&T?we need to do research furtherly to make it clear
T5 1'51'' what;s jet lag? what problem and economic loss jet lag brings?why jet lag occured?The possible three treatments for jet lag are not perfect, and exsit some side effects or unrealistic to some degree,however, scientists spare no effort to solve it and will find the solution in the future.
T61'33'' the brief introduction of BC. The research showes that BC saved energy by forgoing circadian rhythmsm and consumed the same Oxyen weather dark or light,providing BC own a kind of cycle to help them to save energy and adapt to the cave.But scientists concerned that other animals did not own such an cycle to adapt to severe environment.
OBSTACL　５＇４８＇＇
Bring in the topic
a psycologist W.J put up with a view to explain why aged people felt time flying by. And then he investgated different aged people, and did some experimnets,finally,concluding 5 reasons to support his opinion, and suggested us to enjoy the present, slow the life pace.

wensd1111

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