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[阅读小分队] 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—35系列】【35-08】经管 Obesity

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发表于 2014-4-18 21:40:58 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Official Weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471


Hi~连续两周话痨了一大堆背景知识,这周来个大家不会陌生的主题,Obesity。
肥胖不仅是女生特别关心的问题= =+,也与一国乃至世界的经济息息相关。

介绍今天的材料之前,先放两个简单的概念解释,在文中会出现:

BMI(Body Mass Index)体脂肪健康指数:higher than 25, overweight; higher than 30, obese.
NCD(non-communicable disease)非传染性疾病 :  a medical condition or disease, which by definition is non-infectious and non-transmissible among people.

Speaker告诉你节食为什么不能减肥,女生们多看看别为了瘦身委屈自己~
Speed包含三篇文章。
第一和第二篇分别从人口与职业的角度分析美国Obesity的现状。
第三篇讲述Obesity等其他与之相关的疾病对全球经济造成的负面影响。
怎样缓解上述的肥胖趋势?Obstacle呼吁政府实行economic regulation。

今天的文章比较简单。大家不要对身材过于烦恼,吃嘛嘛香,健康就好,Enjoy~



Part I: Speaker


Sandra Aamodt:
Why dieting doesn't usually work

[Rephrase 1]



[Speech, 12min 41sec]

Source:TED
http://www.ted.com/talks/sandra_aamodt_why_dieting_doesn_t_usually_work


附中英字幕版的听力材料,可以自由选择中英文字幕或无字幕。感谢盘腿大王提供的链接~!
http://v.163.com/movie/2014/4/7/5/M9MPLJ1AT_M9MRNG475.html

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 楼主| 发表于 2014-4-18 21:40:59 | 显示全部楼层
Part II: Speed




Obesity in America
Healthier, not healthy
Jan 21st 2014, 17:19 by C.H. | NEW YORK

[Warm Up]

      THE overweight American, slurping a bucket of soda in his car, is an international stereotype. Thankfully, fewer Americans fit the mould. Obesity rates among adults were flat from 2011 to 2012 in every state but Arkansas. And obesity rates among poor young children declined in 18 states from 2008 to 2011. This month brought new data that may help explain why.


      On January 8th 16 top food companies announced that they had fulfilled their promise to sell 1 trillion fewer calories in 2012 than they had in 2007. Indeed the companies surpassed their goal, reducing the number of calories by 6.4 trillion, according to an independent reviewfunded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, a respected health philanthropy. And on January 16th America’s agriculture department published a report showing that Americans are eating slightly more healthily. In 2010 American adults ate an average of 78 fewer calories each day than they had in 2005.


      All this is promising news. The food companies’ announcement brought praise from the White House: “We are thrilled,” declared Sam Kass, the director of Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move!” anti-obesity campaign.


[194 words]


[Time 2]


      But there are a few clouds darkening this sunny picture. First, the detailed review of food companies’ pledge, conducted by Barry Popkin of the University of North Carolina, has yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Second, Americans’ health is still abysmal.


      In 1980 no state had an obesity rate higher than 15%, with obesity defined as a body-mass index of 30 or higher, 203 pounds for 5’9” man. Now every state has an obesity rate above 20%, and 13 have rates of 30% or higher. Meanwhile rates of extreme obesity, with a BMI of 40 or more, have risen for both adults and children. This matters. Those who are obese are more likely to develop diabetes, heart disease and other chronic ailments.


      Worryingly, obesity rates are highest among the poor and uneducated, according to a towering stack of research. In the most recent addition to the pile, researchers from Harvard and INSEAD, writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that obesity rates declined among teenagers with college-educated parents, from 14% in 2003-4 to about 7% in 2009-10. Among teens with parents with only a high-school degree, obesity rates rose from 20% to 25%.


      There remains the question of what to do about it. It is easy to cast food companies as villains. Much of what they sell is rubbish. Taxing sugary soda, which has no nutritional value, seems sensible. But food companies, and fast-food companies in particular, are only partly responsible. In a new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Dr Popkin shows that unhealthy meals outside fast-food chains play a greater role in boosting obesity rates. The researchers at Harvard and INSEAD found that the main difference between the rich and poorer teens was not how much they ate but how much they exercised.


      All this serves as a reminder of an important fact, well known but worth highlighting once more. Millions of Americans are ill thanks to factors that have nothing to do with the health system, from poverty to food marketing to poor urban planning to strapped school athletic programmes. Obamacare helps previously uninsured Americans afford treatment. Improving Americans’ health will take much more.


[372 words]


Source:The Economist
http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2014/01/obesity-america





The Jobs With the Highest Obesity Rates
By Olga Khazan  March 31, 2014 11:00 AM

[Time 3]

      Employers want their workers to be healthy—both for insurance-cost and humane reasons—but aspects of those very jobs can make workers sick. A study published this month in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that workers who toiled for more than 40 hours per week or were exposed to a hostile work environment were significantly more likely to be obese.


      Both of those are fairly intuitive—long hours at the office can make it hard to squeeze in exercise, and dealing with, shall we say, “a strong personality” all day can make it tempting to indulge in an extra helping of curly fries. (A more tragic explanation would be that people who are already obese are more likely to be harassed at work.)


      But surprisingly, the researchers also found that certain industries and occupations in and of themselves correlate with higher obesity rates, even when controlling for the demographic makeup of those jobs.


      The study authors used data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey and connected it to self-reported weight and height information, as well as industry and occupation codes from the Census. For the hostility factor, they asked workers: “During the past 12 months were you threatened, bullied, or harassed by anyone while you were on the job?” (The obesity rate was 13 percent higher among those who said yes.)


      Among the industry categories, manufacturing, healthcare/social assistance, transportation/warehousing, information, utilities, and public administration had the highest obesity rates:


Olga Khazan

      Surprisingly, though, only the healthcare/social assistance and public administration industries had significantly higher-than-average obesity rates after the study authors adjusted for factors such as race, gender, and health behaviors like smoking.

      "Public administration" means, roughly, bureaucrats in local, city, and federal offices. "Healthcare and social assistance" is anyone who works in a healthcare setting.


[306 words]


[Time 4]


      This is a bit odd. It’s plausible that sitting behind some far-flung city hall desk might lead to weight gain; it’s more shocking that people who work in doctors’ offices suffer from high rates of obesity even as their workplaces preach healthy living.

      From there, the researchers looked at actual job descriptions:


Olga Khazan

      Protective service workers—cops, security guards, and jailers—had the highest obesity prevalence, at more than 40 percent. But again, only engineers, office administrators, and social-service workers had unusually high obesity rates after adjusting for the demographic and other factors.


      In some ways, this chart simply represents a broad swathe of a country where one in three people are obese: “Engineering” is a pretty wide-ranging description, and the "office and admin" field encompasses everyone from bank tellers to receptionists.


      But again, the “social service workers” category includes people working in counseling, mental health, and child protection—a.k.a. healthcare.


      So why are people in healthcare jobs portlier than others? The authors think it could be because certain characteristics of those jobs—their sedentariness, for example—contributes to obesity. Doctors might be on their feet all day, but their receptionists and billing staff are glued to their desks, licking envelopes and answering phones.


      But the researchers also bring up an interesting data point: An earlier National Health Interview Survey found that the occupational category “health services,” which includes lower-wage clerical staff, had a much higher obesity rate than so-called “health diagnosing” jobs, which comprise higher-earning roles like doctors and nurse-practitioners.


      So, as with most trends that seem to co-occur with obesity, it might all just come down to income. Your job might affect your body, but it’s how much you earn, not where you work, that ultimately matters.


[311 words]


Source:Yahoo Finance
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/jobs-highest-obesity-rates-150000939.html;_ylt=AwrBEiJ3OU9TNioAhfqTmYlQ




The economic cost of obesity
Physical inactivity is costing billions.
Author: Hanna Barry
14 March 2014 03:30

[Time 5]

      Diabetes cost the global economy nearly $500 billion (R5.3 trillion) in 2010, with the figure projected to rise to at least $745 billion (R7.9 trillion) in 2030, notes a 2011 report by the World Economic Forum (WEF), and the Harvard School of Public Health.

      Developing countries are increasingly taking on a much greater share of the outlays. “Nearly $300 billion of direct costs are expected to come from low- and lower-middle income countries, which will constitute 45% of all diabetes cases,” the report continues.

      Shocking figures to say the least, yet it is perhaps even more astounding that obesity is considered the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (high blood sugar and insulin resistance). In other words, 90% of all cases of diabetes are preventable.

      The WEF report reveals that over the next 20 years, non-communicable diseases (NCD) will cost more than $30 trillion, representing 48% of global GDP in 2010, and pushing millions of people below the poverty line.

      Macroeconomic simulations suggest that cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, diabetes and poor mental health (most of which are often connected to an unhealthy lifestyle) will lead to a cumulative output loss of $47 trillion over the next two decades. This loss represented 74% of GDP in 2010. It also represents enough money to eradicate the $2-a-day poverty that 2.5 billion people have faced for more than half a century.

      Cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and hypertension, cost the global economy $863 billion in 2010, accounting for 63% of all deaths, and this is estimated to rise to $1 044 billion in 2013, a 22% increase.

      Just over half is attributed to direct healthcare costs, and the remaining 45% to productivity loss from disability or premature death, as well as time loss from work due to illness or the need to seek care. A staggering 80% of these deaths now occur in low- and middle-income countries.


[318 words]


[Time 6]

Coe: The biggest economic risk is physical inactivity

      Former Olympic track and field champion, Lord Sebastian Coe, highlighted the costs of physical inactivity in his presentation at the recent Discovery Leadership Summit in Johannesburg.

      Lord Coe, who chaired the 2012 London Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games, noted that physical inactivity was costing the US economy twice what it spends on its domestic healthcare budget. In 2011, the US spent 17.9% of its then $15.5-trillion GDP on health expenditure.

      Coe said that the core ideology of the London Olympics was “To use the power of the games to transform the lives of young people”. “The games were, absolutely and unashamedly, for young people, especially to encourage them into sport and activity. There is no question to me that London is in a better position since it had the Games than it was before,” Coe said.

      He stressed the need to think about how physical activity could be encouraged in cities, considering questions of personal safety, for instance, as some young people in the UK feared cycling or walking between burrows, due to gang rivalries.

      Along these lines, the UK is currently undertaking a national audit of everything that is working well and not working well, in order to get people to move. The findings will be published in a paper entitled ‘Living Well, Working Well.’

      Coe also made reference to the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation, connected to the Laureaus World Sports Academy, which raises funds to provide financial and practical support to more than 140 projects that use the power of sport to provide coaching and education to young people in some of the most challenging and deprived environments around the world.

      “The biggest challenge that all economies face is physical inactivity,” Coe said.


[303 words]


Source:Moneyweb
http://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-economic-trends/the-economic-cost-of-obesity



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 楼主| 发表于 2014-4-18 21:41:00 | 显示全部楼层
Part III: Obstacle



February 2014:
Tighter economic regulation needed to reverse obesity epidemic - study

      NOTICE TO READERS: The Bulletin of the World Health Organization was created by WHO as a forum for public health experts to publish their findings, express their views and engage a wider audience on critical public health issues of the day. Consequently, the views expressed by the writers in these pages do not necessarily represent the views of WHO.

[Paraphrase 7]

      Governments could slow – and even reverse – the growing epidemic of obesity by taking measures to counter fast food consumption, according to a study published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization today.

      The study, by a team of researchers based in the United States and Ireland, is the first to look at the effects of deregulation in the economy, including the agricultural and food sectors, and the resulting increase in fast food transactions on obesity over time. It suggests that if governments take action, they can prevent overweight and obesity, which can have serious long-term health consequences including diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer.

      Rather than looking at the density of fast food outlets or self-reported fast food consumption as researchers have done in the past, the authors took the novel approach of taking data on the number of fast food transactions per capita from 1999 to 2008 in 25 high-income countries and compared them with figures on body mass index (BMI) in the same countries over the same time period as an indication of fast food consumption.

      A person with BMI of 25 or more is considered overweight, while one with a BMI of 30 or more is considered obese.

      The authors of the study found that while the average number of annual fast food transactions per capita increased from 26.61 to 32.76, average BMI increased from 25.8 to 26.4. Thus, each 1-unit increase in the average number of annual fast food transactions per capita was associated with an increase of 0.0329 in BMI over the study period.

      “Unless governments take steps to regulate their economies, the invisible hand of the market will continue to promote obesity worldwide with disastrous consequences for future public health and economic productivity,” said lead author Dr Roberto De Vogli from the Department of Public Health Sciences at the University of California, Davis, in the United States.

      The study focuses on high-income countries, but its findings are also relevant to developing countries as “virtually all nations have undergone a process of market deregulation and globalization – especially in the last three decades,” De Vogli said.

      The BMI figures also reveal how widespread the problems of overweight and obesity are and that people living in the 25 countries are, on average, overweight and have been for the last 15 years.

      The average number of annual fast food transactions per capita increased in all 25 countries. The sharpest increases were in Canada (by 16.6 transactions per capita), Australia (14.7), Ireland (12.3) and New Zealand (10.1), while the lowest increases were in countries with more stringent market regulation, such as Italy (1.5), the Netherlands (1.8), Greece (1.9) and Belgium (2.1).

      They also found that the intake of animal fats and total calories changed only slightly at a time of a sharp increase in obesity.

      Taking data from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, the authors found that the intake of animal fats decreased slightly from 212 kcal per capita per day in 1999 to 206 in 2008 and that the caloric intake increased slightly for six of those years with 3432 calories per capita per day in 2002 compared to 3437 in 2008. Yet, most men and women do not need more than about 2500 and 2000 calories respectively a day.

      “This study shows how important public policies are for addressing the epidemic of obesity,” said Dr Francesco Branca, director of the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development at WHO.

      “Policies targeting food and nutrition are needed across several sectors including agriculture, industry, health, social welfare and education,” Branca said, adding: “Countries where the diet is transitioning from one that is high in cereals to one that is high in fat, sugar and processed foods need to take action to align the food supply with the health needs of the population.”

      The new study echoes a growing body of literature providing evidence for measures that governments could take to reverse the obesity epidemic by hindering the spread of ultra-processed foodstuffs. Such measures include:

      
economic incentives for growers to sell healthy foods and fresh food items rather than ultra-processed foods and subsidies to grow fruit and vegetables;

      economic disincentives for industries to sell fast food, ultra-processed foods and soft drinks such as an ultra-processed food tax and/or the reduction or elimination of subsidies to growers/companies using corn for rapid tissue growth, excessive amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, chemicals and antibiotics;

      zoning policies to control the number and type of food outlets;

      tighter regulation of the advertising of fast food and soft drinks, especially to children;

      trade regulations discouraging the importation and consumption of fast food, ultra-processed foods and soft drinks; and more effective labelling systems especially for ultra-processed foods, including fast food and soft drinks.


      WHO’s 194 Member States agreed on the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases at the World Health Assembly in May 2013. One of the plan’s nine voluntary targets is to “halt the rise in diabetes and obesity”. It also proposes measures that countries can take to tackle obesity, including increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and managing food subsidies and taxes to promote a healthy diet.

[878 words]


Source:World Health Organization
http://www.who.int/bulletin/releases/NFM0214/en/



发表于 2014-4-18 21:53:43 | 显示全部楼层
沙发~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
大爱今天的话题!
话说美国的肉制品的质量真的堪忧,好担心。。

Speaker:Most dieting people regain their weight later.Actually hunger and energy use are controlled by brain,though people are not aware of this.Brain will judge hunger and activities to keep body stable.If the brain think you are in famine,your body will use less energy.The brain will push back your weight to the level that your brain consider to be nomal.But temporary gain on weight can be permanent.And reserch shows taht diet in teenager can be 3 times more likely to be obese in 5 years later.So the speaker suggested mindful eating,in which people shoud undersatd body signal.People should eat when you feel hungery and stop after you feel enough,never eat when you are not hungery.Diet is harmless,but it can lead to many kinds of damages.And our will power is limited,so it is impossible to keep diet for a long time.

01:54
Data shows that americans are eatin more healty.But the obesity rate in america is still very high.And most obesity people are poor and uneducated.Food companies and fast-food compaines should be blamed.And moreover,poor people have less time and money to exericse.

01:29
Research found that workers who toiled for more than 40 hours per week or were exposed to a hostile work environment were significantly more likely to be obese.Healthcare assistance and public administration industries have the higest obesity rate after adjusted other factors.

01:51
Sitting behind desk long time may lead to the weight gain.In actual job,engineers, office administrators, and social-service workers had unusually high obesity.Income may be big factor in this judgement.

01:28
Diabetes cost the global economy nearly 500 billion dollars,and this cost will keep raising.Most diabetes caused by obesity.Developed contries have more diabetes.Non-communicable diseases will cost more money in the future.

01:09
Physical inactivity was costing the US economy more money than healthcare budget.

04:41
Main Idea: Government should take action to stop the obesity epidemic
Government can slow and reserve the growing epidemic of obesity by taking measures to counter fast food consumption.The study looks at the effect of deregulation in the economy.And it finds that raising fast food transactions per capita can lead to raising obesity rate.So governemt's action can prevent obesity rate.
The study also finds out that the intake of animal fat and total calories have changed only slightly in the past years.But the ovesity rate grows quickly.People eat more food high in fat and sugar than food high in cereals.
Government should take measures in several sectors,and the study gives out its suggestion.
发表于 2014-4-18 21:59:16 | 显示全部楼层
明天考专四啊真是要给自己手贱报名给跪了。。专四考的那叫什么语法啊喂!
明天下午交作业,菌菌不要夺命连环call咯~~
--------------
谢谢楼主!~每次一个主题非常赞!

speaker:
the women gave up dieting and she lost weight
how much you will consume mainly decided by your mind
the system keeps your weight stable
life is not fair so the dieting is kind of the thing
control eaters are more vulnerable to food
girls who dieted when they were young are 3 times likely to gain weight back 5 years later
healthy lifestyle helps obesity people from risk of death
mindful eating sends message to your mind that you are full and you should be down with food
work with their appetite without fearing

warm up:1:01
American adults are now eating fewer calories several years ago

time2:1:56
people with different education background have different rates of obesity, the higher education people have, the lower the obesity rates are

time3:2:03
the longer time you work each week, the more possible you will become obesity
these people who spend a lot of time sitting before the table lack time to exercise

time4:2:00
people doing protective service may gain more weight than other people doing other kind of job
your job may affect your body, but it is how much you earn, not where you work, that ultimately matters

time5:1:45
diabetes cost the global economy nearly $500 billion in 2010,the figure is projected to rise
how the money is cost are listed as follow, some are used for cure, some are cost for the loss from work

time6:2:04
nowadays, the biggest economic risk is physical inactivity
Coe recommends to encourage some physical activity in cities
the core idea of the London Olympics was to use the power of the games to transform the lives of young people

time7:4:49
countries need to put on some limitation on the economy to reverse obesity,especially some fast food industry
each 1-unit increase in the average number of annual fast food transactions per capita was associated with an increase of 0.0329 in BMI over the study period
the intake of animal fats and total calories changed only slightly at a time of a sharp increase in obesity
public policies are important for addressing the epidemic of obesity
some measures recommended by the study
 楼主| 发表于 2014-4-18 22:04:45 | 显示全部楼层
time:
Americans' obesity rate has declined.Americans become a little healthier.
Where are the data from.
_______________
time:
Problems here.1 the data is not perfect reliable.2 American obesity is abysmal.
Compared with 1980,today the obesity rates in many states are very high.
Obesity rate is higher in poor and uneducated groups.
Who to be blamed?Food companies/eating and living diet of people--too little exercise.
Long way to go.
_______________
time:
Study to find out the relationship between job and obesity rates.
Obese might incur harassment in work place.
Survey,different occupation--
Some jobs have higher obesity rates than others,whatever its demographic structure is./What are these jobs?/The explanation of some catogeris in the survey.
_________________
time:
One odd thing--people working as heath services have higher obesity rates.
So further survey,different jub descriptions--
The explanation of some catogeris in the survey.
The reason why people in heathcare jobs have higher obesity rates than others.
Another facts--higher income,lower obesity rate.
Speculation--obesity rate may ultimately due to income,not the jobs you take.
_________________
time:
Diabetes costs in economy.Especially serious in developing countries.
Obesity is a very important reason to lead to type 2 diabetes.
Other deiseases(related to unhealthy living/diet/obesity) costs.
___________________
time:
Physical inactivity is a big risk for economy.
The principle of London Olympic Games,to encourage the young to exerciese more.
Actions that help achieve the goal.
__________________
time:
New study--government can use economic regulation to limit obesity epidemic.
The two new features of the study:
1 the first to see the economic deregulation and globlization impact on obesity.
2 the first to use fast-food transcations,rather than self-reported consumption or outlets of fast food to establish the data of fast food consumption.
The definition and use of BMI.
People's BMI nowdays.
1 The serious consequnces if government doens't take economic regulation.
The results also relevant to developing countries.
2 Obesity becomes a global problem.
Data on other food.Animal fat/calories(higher than adults need to take)
Opinions:
show the importance for government to regulate.Policies should on their way.
Several measures that can help:
1 economic incentives for selling healthy foods.
2 economic disincentives for selling fast foods.
3 control food outlets.
4 regulation on advertising fast foods.
5 discourage fast foods.label fast foods.
Other measures that government can use.Its goal.
发表于 2014-4-18 22:35:23 | 显示全部楼层
楼上Tao君辛苦了~~~每周一个主题很赞呐~~~~~~~
-------------------------------------------------------------
Speaker: The speaker told us that dieting doesn't help us to lose weight. People who are on a diet will probably not be
         thinner but rather be as usual or even heavier than they haven't kept a diet. So the speaker suggests that we
         should give up dieting and eat as our body tells us, which is called mindful eating.
time2: 1min 57"
       Although the obesity rate of America has shown fallen, the situation of obesity is not that optimistic. The percentage
       of obese people whose BMI is above 40 has risen from 20% to 25% and the number of obese people who are poor and less
       educated has rise, too. The writer thinks that food companies are not the only ones to be blamed but also fast
       food providers. There are still a lot to do to deal with the tough situation.
time3: 1min 38"
       Researchers have found that certain jobs are more likely to make people become heavier. Examples include healthcare/social
       assistance and public administration.
time4: 1min 48"
       Researchers have found an odd phenomena that people who work in doctors' offices are more likely to gain weight than
       people with other jobs.
time5: 1min 58"
       Obesity can cause significant economic costs, which underdeveloped countries contributes to appropximately 45%, according
       to a survey. Obesity can lead to type2 diabetes, which is 90% preventable if the obesity rate was decreased.
time6: 1min 35"
       Former Olympic champion highlighted the costs of physical inactivity in his presentation earlier. He also stressed the
       need to think about how physical activity could be encouraged in cities.
Obstacle: 5min
       来个中文版的回忆=。=
       一项研究着眼于政府对食品行业的取消管制政策对人民整体肥胖水平的影响。科学家的研究方向是研究BMI指数与人均卡路里摄入量
       之间的关系。在研究的年限内科学家发现BMI指数与人均卡路里摄入量存在一定的正比关系,而且所有的研究对象国家的BMI指数都有
       不同水平的上升。因此作者呼吁政府应该加强对食品行业的管制力度。而且研究还发现人均动物脂肪的摄入量在增加,还有个什么东西
       减少了,然后说明民众的饮食结构不太健康。政府应该倡导民众多吃健康的,天然的食物,少吃加工的食物。作者还提出了一些方案
       来限制不健康的食品的生产:增税啊、限制做广告啊等等。。
       国外政府是不是管太宽啊=。=
发表于 2014-4-18 22:36:56 | 显示全部楼层
thx a lot.
speaker:
The speaker talks about the reason that dieting doesnt work, and how our brians manage our brains. Your brain is not able to decide wether you need to lose weight or not.
There are two groups of eater: those who rely on their hunger, those who try to control their eating through willpower. Surprisingly, intutive eaters are less likely to be over weight.
speed:
time2: 2'15''
American's health is still abysmal.The obesity rates has been increased and are highest among the poor and uneducated. The food companies are only part of the reason, and the obesity also has somthing to do with lack of exercise.
time3: 1'32''
It talks about the job with the highest obesity rates.It shows that ppl who work in a hostile working environment are more likely to be obese. Suprisingly, health care and public administration industries had siginificantly higher than average obsety rates.
time4:2'14''
It analysized obesity rates of different occupations, and explain why ppl work in health care have higher obesity rates than others. There are another factors that affect obesity rates such as income.
time5:1'54''
the economic cost of obesity.
Ppl suffer from obesity diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease spent huge money on health cost.
Obesity is the leading cause of tyoe 2 diabetes.
time6:1'40''
Former Olympic champion Coe put that the biggest economic risk is physical inactivity. He attachs a lot importance to physical activities. He also talked about how physical activity could be encouraged in a city.


obst:
A study shows that the deregulation in economy of government cause the increase in fast food transactions on obesity.
Government could take actions in economic regulation to prevent obesity and overwight, otherwise obesity diseases could cause more costs.
The study focus on high-income coutries, but the obesity problems are also widespread in developing countries now.
They also find the intake of animal fat and calories change only slightly, leading an unbalance of diet.
measures that government could take to prevent obesity. Including economic incentives to growers to sell healithy food, economic disincentives for ppl to sell fast food, Zoning policies to control the foods outlets,  tighter regulation of the advertisement of fast food and trade regulations agsinst the unhealthy food importation and consumption.

发表于 2014-4-18 23:05:44 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢楼主!
貌似还有一环~

Speaker
Speaker gave up keeping diet and eat mindly, resulting in losing 10 pounds.
Hungry and energied are controled by brain.
Brain has it own sense of how much you should weight.
Hypothalamus keeps your weight.
If you lost a lot of weight, hyothalamus consider you are starving.
Weight setup can go up but can not go down.
Girl keeps diet in her early time will have three times possibliey to be over weight in five years.
Learn to mindful eating.
weight disorders leads to eating disorders.
Speed
1--01:16
The obesity reats among adults in American declined in 18 states.
According to food companies, they provided 6.4 trillion calories in 2012.
And in 2010 American adults ate an average of 78 fewer calories each day than they did in 2005.
2--02:13
There are bad news, obesity rates are highet among the poor and uneducated people.
Teens with higher educated parets has declined obesity rate while teens with low-educated parents have rised obesity rate.
Food companies and fast-food chain have some resposibilies in this obesity issue.
But most important factors are how much teens exercise.
Obamacare helps in some place, but for American's health, they need to do more.
3--01:45
People with hostile work will easier to get obesity.
And being obesity is a reason to get harassed.
The correlation between obesity and job occupy is low.
4--01:54
It is not your job affect your body, but how much you earn matters?!
How can they get this conclusion!!!!!!
They said people with obesity stick to their desk more than others!
5--02:00
Diabetes costs a lot.
And recently more low- and lower-middle income counteries get share of this cost.
Other disease also cost a lot, money, death....
6--
this is more about the obesity.
Too danger to workout is one of the reason why people in UK lack of exercises
Obstacle--04:45
Studies show the connection between food transactions per capita and BMI, that each 1-unit increase in the average number of annual fast food transactions per capita is associated with an increase of 0.0329in BMI.
Goverments can put regulation to stop the increase of obseity, such as economic incentives for growing healthy food and fresh food, economic desincentives for industries to sell fast food, ultra-processed foods, control the number and type of food outlets, tighter advertisment regulation for fast food and sofe drinks and so on
发表于 2014-4-18 23:08:34 | 显示全部楼层
M.  :p                        
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