GWD-29-Q3-Q6

kudoucliff

     In a 1984 book, Claire C.     CR在1984年的著作中认为在加纳和
      Robertsonargued that,                非洲，年龄是更重要的地位权力的指
      beforecolonialism, age was            标。
Line       amore important indicator
 (5)      of status and authority than
gender in Ghanaand in
Africa
generally.  British           英国殖民才令男尊女卑出现，性别colonialismimposed               才成为主导因素。
European-stylemale-
(10)      dominant notions upon
more egalitarianlocal
situations tothe detriment
of women generally,and
gender became adefining
(15)      characteristic that weak-
ened women’spower and
authority.
     Subsequent research in        但后来对肯尼亚的研究让CR承认
Kenya convincedRobertson          她过分概括了非洲。
(20)      that she had overgeneralized
      aboutAfrica. Before colo-            
在殖民主义前，性别差异在肯尼亚       nialism,gender was more               比在加纳更明显，虽然年龄仍是决
salient incentral Kenya than          定权力的关键因素。
it was in Ghana,although age
(25)      was still crucial in determin-
ingauthority.  In contrast with
Ghana, wherewomen had
traded forhundreds of years
and achievedlegal majority
(30)      (not unrelated phenomena),
the evidenceregarding
central Kenyaindicated that           肯尼亚中部的妇女的次等地位与
      womenwere legal minors               那时的欧洲妇女类似。
and weresometimes treated
(35)    asmale property, as were
European women at that
time.  Factors like strong             造成这一处境的因素。
patrilinearityand patrilocality,
     as well as women’s inferior
(40)     landrights and lesser
involvement intrade, made
women moredependent on
men than was generallythe
case inGhana.  However,            但年龄还是最主要的。
(45)      since age apparently
remained theoverriding
principle ofsocial organiza-
tion in centralKenya, some
senior women hadmuch
(50)      authority. Thus, Robertson          所以CR修改了自己的假设，
revised herhypothesis                殖民前的非洲，年龄主导程度是
somewhat,arguing that               有差别的。
in determiningauthority in
precolonial Africa age was a
(55)      primary principle that super-
seded gender tovarying
degreesdepending on the
situation.


Q6:
The author of the passage mentions thestatus of age as a principle of social organization in precolonial central Kenya
in lines 24-26 most likely in order to

1. indicate that women’s dependence on men in precolonial Kenya
   was     not absolute

contrast the     situation of senior women to that of less senior women in precolonial     Kenyan society

differentiate between the status and authority of precolonial     Kenyan women and that of precolonial Ghanaian women

explain why age superseded gender to a greater extent in     precolonial Kenya than     it did elsewhere in Africa

identify a factor that led Robertson to revise her hypothesis about     precolonial Africa
此题高亮部分是我选的，正确答案说选E，我觉得不对啊，提到age后文紧接着说了在K地gender在precolonial的时候就已经很重要了，而由于age也重要，所以上了年纪的女人会有一定的权力；
而让Robertson改变假设的是gender而不是age呀！我觉得肯定不应该选E


求各位牛牛指教！

sherry0577

同求啊！

ayoyoyo

看了很多讨论，认真体会了两遍，果然还是GWD答案本身对。试着完整地回答这几个问题：

6. GWD29-Q3:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. present evidence undermining a certain hypothesis
B. describe a particular position and its subsequent modification
C. discuss two contrasting viewpoints regarding a particular issue
D. describe how a social phenomenon varied by region
E. evaluate an assumption widely held by scholars

文章先是说了Robertson开始的论点（通过G国推广至非洲得到的），第二段说他研究了K国发现有例外，于是修正了自己的观点。
因此选B。

------------------------------------------------------------

7. GWD29-Q4:
The passage indicates that Robertson’s research in Kenya caused her to change her mind regarding which of the following?        
A Whether age was the prevailing principle of social organization in Kenya before colonialism
B Whether gender was the primary determinant of social authority in Africa generally before colonialism
C Whether it was only after colonialism that gender became a significant determinant of authority in Kenyan society
D Whether age was a crucial factor determining authority in Africa after colonialism
E Whether British colonialism imposed European-style male-dominant notions upon local situations in Ghana

本题的问题是，对K国的研究让Robertson在哪个方面进行了【改变】，所以要聚焦在改变上，即研究K国前和研究K国后对这个问题的答案是有变化的。
先看作者之前的观点是：before colonialism, age was a more important indicator of status and authority than gender in Ghana and in Africa 【generally】.
作者之后的观点是：in determining authority in precolonial Africa, age was a primary principle that superseded gender to varying degrees 【depending on the situation】.

选项A：前后的观点都认为age是primary的，亦即prevailing的，无论在非洲还是在K国。无变化。
选项B：前后都认为gender不是一个primary determinant，age才是。无变化。
选项C：之前认为K国是在殖民后gender才是significant determinant，之后认为K过在殖民前gender就已经很significant了。有变化，正确。
选项D：殖民后age的事儿就没谈。
选项E：前后对此问题的回答都是Yes。没变化。
所以有改变的只有C，是正确答案。

----------------------------------------------------------------

8. GWD29-Q5:
The passage suggests that after conducting the research mentioned in line 18, but not before, Robertson would have agreed with which of the following about women’s status and authority in Ghana?
A Greater land rights and greater involvement in trade made women in precolonial Ghana less dependent on men than were European women at that time.
B Colonialism had a greater impact on the status and authority of Ghanaian women than on Kenyan women.
C Colonialism had less of an impact on the status and authority of Ghanaian women that it had on the status and authority of other African women.
D The relative independence of Ghanaian women prior to colonialism was unique in Africa.
E Before colonialism, the status and authority of Ghanaian women was similar to that of Kenyan women.

这道题和上面类似，题干要求是research之后agree，【but not before】，即research之前不同意。重复一下作者观点：研究之前，作者的观点叫做 ...【generally】，之后的观点叫做...【depending on the situation】

A：之后当然是同意的，之前文中就没说。选项中这些内容是作为对G国妇女地位的解释出现的，并不是研究的一部分。
B：通过推断可以理解作者之后是同意的，因为G国原来gender不重要，K国gender多少也比较重要，殖民后就都重要了，所以肯定对G国影响是greater的。之前既然都是generally了，作者是认为对K对G都是一样的。
其他选项不分析了，所以选B。GWD答案正确。

-------------------------------

9. GWD29-Q6:

The author of the passage mentions the status of age as a principle of social organization in precolonial central Kenya in lines 24-26 most likely in order to

A indicate that women’s dependence on men in precolonial Kenya was not absolute

B contrast the situation of senior women to that of less senior women in precolonial Kenyan society

C differentiate between the status and authority of precolonial Kenyan women and that of precolonial Ghanaian women

D explain why age superseded gender to a greater extent in precolonial Kenya than it did elsewhere in Africa

E identify a factor that led Robertson to revise her hypothesis about precolonial Africa

作者在24-26行主要就是说K国和G国在gender这个事儿上是不同的。题干问作者说这个目的是什么。全文的结构是：观点-反例-修正观点，从行文讲，提这个反例目的当然是引出后来作者为什么要修正观点。所以选E。
其他选项都只说了一部分内容，没有说明这段话在整个文章结构中的作用。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------